Tổng hợp các cấu trúc tiếng Anh cơ bản

Cấu trúc 1:
S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + (time) ago (bắt đầu làm gì)
 S + have/has + V3/-ed/ been V-ing + for / since + 
Ví dụ: She began to learn English 4 years ago.
=> She has learned/ has been learning English for 4 years.
Cấu trúc 2:
S + last + V2/-ed + [time] + ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
 S + have/ has + not V3/-ed + for + (time)
 It’s + [time] + since + S + last + V2/-ed.
 The last time + S + V2/-ed + was + (time) + ago.
 None/ nobody + has + V3/-ed + O + for/since + (time)
Ví dụ: It last rained 2 weeks ago.
=> It hasn’t rained for 2 weeks.
=> It’s 2 weeks since it last rained.
=> The last time it rained was 2 weeks ago.
Cấu trúc 3:
This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/-ed: Lần đầu tiên làm gì
 S + have/ has + never + V3/-ed + before.
 S + have/ has + not + V3/-ed + before.
Ví dụ: This is the first time I have watched this film.
=> I have never watched this film before.
=> I haven’t watched this film before.
Cấu trúc 4:
This is + the Superlative (the + adj. + -est | most adj. + N) S + have/has + V3/-ed.
 S + have/ has + never + V3/-ed + such a/an + Adj. + N
 S + have/ has never + V3-ed + a more + Adj. + N + than this.
Ví dụ: This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
=> I have never read such an interesting book.
=> I have never read a more interesting book than this.
Cấu trúc 5:
S + Be/V + too + adj./adv. + (for someone) + to do something: Quá  để ai làm gì 
Ví dụ: He ran too fast for me to follow.
Cấu trúc 6:
S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V + O: Quá  đến nỗi mà
Ví dụ: The top shelf is so high that the children can not reach it.
Cấu trúc 7:
S + Be/V + so + many/ much/ little/ few + N + that + S + V + O.
Ví dụ: She has so much work to do that she can not go out with her friends.
Cấu trúc 8:
It + Be/V + such + a/an + Adj. + N(s) + that + S + V +O: Quá  đến nỗi mà 
Ví dụ: He was such a fast runner that I could not follow him.
Cấu trúc 9:
S + Be/V + Adj./ Adv. + enough + (for someone) + to do something: Đủ  cho ai đó làm gì
Ví dụ: She is too young to get married. => She isn’t old enough to get married.
Lưu ý: Có thấy lấy tính từ trái nghĩa với tính từ trong cấu trúc too  to để thành lập cấu trúc enough  to
Cấu trúc 10:
It’s + adj. (for someone) + to do something: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?
 Doing something + be+ Adj. (for someone)
 S + find + V-ing/ it/ N + Adj. to do sth.
Ví dụ: It’s difficult for me to stay up late at night.
=> Staying up late at night is difficult for me.
=> I find staying up late at night in the morning difficult.
=> I find it difficult to stay up late at night.
Với N: I find English interesting to study.
Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp:
Câu đề nghị:
SUGGEST
Shall we + V  | Let’s + V  | How/ What about + V-ing  | Why don’t we + V 
=> S + suggested + V-ing: đề nghị cùng làm gì.
Ví dụ: “Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the girl.
=> The girl suggested going out for a walk.
Gợi ý cho người khác:
Why don’t you+ V(bare) ?
 S + suggested + that + S + should/ shouldn’t + V
Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to his friend.
=> He suggested that she should have a rest.
Cấu trúc câu cáo buộc:
S + accused + someone + of V-ing something.
Ví dụ: “You stole the money on the table”, she said to him.
=> She accused him of stealing the money on the table.
Cấu trúc câu thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận:
S + admitted/ denied + V-ing/ having + V2/-ed. 
Ví dụ: He said “Yes, I did”.
=> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table.
He said: “No, I didn’t”
=> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table.
Cấu trúc lời khuyên: should/ ought to/ had better/ If I were you  / Why don’t you
S + advised + someone + (not) to V.
Ví dụ: “If I were you, I would save some money” - she said.
=> She advised me to save some money.
“You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter.
=> Jane advised Peter not to believe him.
Cấu trúc câu mời chào (Would you like?)
S + offered someone + something.
S + offered to do something.
S + invited someone + to V
Ví dụ: “Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said.
=> I offered Peter a cup of coffee.
“Would you like me to clean the house for you” he said.
=> He offered to clean the house for me.
“Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.
=> He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
Cấu trúc câu dặn dò:
S + remember + to do something.
 S + don’t forget + to do something.
 S + remind + someone + to do something.
Ví dụ: He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”.
=> He reminded me to come there on time the next day.
She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”
=> She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
Cấu trúc câu cảm ơn:
Thank someone for V-ing/ N.
Ví dụ: “Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us.
=> He thanked us for helping him finish that project.
Cấu trúc câu xin lỗi:
S + apologized to someone for V-ing
Ví dụ: “Sorry, I broke your window” he said to his neighbor.
=> He apologized to his neighbor for breaking her window.
Cấu trúc câu khen ngợi:
S + congratulated + someone + on V-ing.
Ví dụ: “Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me.
=> He congratulated me on winning the first prize.
Cấu trúc câu đe dọa:
S + threatened (someone) + to V/ not to V: đe doạ (ai) phải làm gì
Ví dụ: He said “I will kill you if you don’t do that”.
=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that.
Các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện:
Unless = If not.
Ví dụ: If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to Canada.
=> Unless you have a visa, you can not come to Canada.
Đảo ngữ trong điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V
Ví dụ: You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty.
=> Should there be any difficulty, ring this number.
Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 2: Were S + Adj./ N / to V 
Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + (not) V3/-ed 
Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh:
Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc so sánh bằng so sánh hơn so sánh hơn nhất:
Ví dụ: Sally is the tallest girl in her class.
=> No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her.
=> No one in Sally’s class is taller than her.
Cấu trúc tăng theo cấp độ:
The 8-year-old bride movie is more and more interesting.
Cấu trúc càng  càng:
The older he is, the less he wants to travel.
Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu bị động trong tiếng anh
Cấu trúc:
Have someone do something have something done
Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
=> We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business.
Cấu trúc 14:
Make someone do something => Someone + be made + to do something.
Ví dụ: The teacher made the students work hard.
=> The students were made to work hard.
Cấu trúc 15:
People say + S + V + 
 It be said that + S + V
 S + be said to + V/ to have V3/-ed
Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> He is said to drink a lot of wine.