Lý thuyết và bài tập về các thì tiếng Anh

TENSES
1. Một trạng thái, một hành động lặp đi lặp lại hàng ngày, một thói quen mang tính vĩnh viễn, một sự thật -> Simple Present.
S + am/is./are + adj / noun
S + am not/isn’t/aren’t
Am/Is/Are + S ?
S + V / V-s / V-es 
dành cho ngôi thứ 3 số ít (he, she, it, Mary, the chair..)
S + don’t / doesn’t + V 
dành cho ngôi thứ 3 số ít (he, she, it, Mary, the chair..)
Do / Does +S?
Key words: everyday, every time, always, sometimes, often, never, seldom, rarely
Ex: I’m tired.
It rains every time I leave my rain coat at home. 
We get up early everyday.
The train leaves at 8 o’clock tomorrow. ( lịch trình cố định trong tương lai)
2. Một hành động diễn ra ở thời điểm hiện tại, mang tính tạm thời, hoặc sự thay đổi đang diễn ra -> Present Continuos.
S + am/is/are + V-ing
S + am not/ isn’t/aren’t + V- ing
Am /is/are + S + V-ing?
Key word: now, right now, at the moment, at present, look, listen, be careful ,
Ex: I am living with my friend until I can buy a house. 
Look! The bus is coming.
Where’s your mother? - She is cooking in the kitchen.
The population of the world is rising very fast.
The usually cook, but today they are eating out. 
I am seeing my doctor tomorrow (sự sắp xếp, kế hoạch trong tương lai)
Is she working this weekend? (sự sắp xếp, kế hoạch trong tương lai)
 3. Một hành động diễn ra trong quá khứ có thời gian xác định -> Simple Past
S + V-ed / V2
S + didn’t + V bare
Did + S + V bare ?
Keyword: yesterday, last (last week, last Christmas..), ago, in + năm trong quá khứ, when I was a child.., when she was ten ..
Ex: My father gave me a doll on my birthday. 
When she was a little girl, she liked to sing.
4. Một chuỗi hành động diễn ra liên tiếp nhau -> Simple Past
ex: It was raining yesterday. My sister came home, went upstairs, took her umbrella, and went out again.
She left as soon as I came in. 
5. Một hành động đang diễn ra tại 1 thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ -> Past Continuous
S + was/were + V-ing
S + wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing 
Was / Were + S + V-ing?
Key word: at the time yesterday, at 2 pm last Friday
Ex: At 8 o’clock yesterday morning, we were driving to Hanoi. 
6. Một hành động đang diễn ra ( Past cont), bị một hành động khác cắt ngang (Past Simple).
Keyword: when, while
Ex: When I came home, every body was having dinner.
She was playing tennis when she broke her arm. 
7. Hai hành động diễn ra đồng thời. Keyword: while
Ex: While my mother was cooking, my father was reading. 
8. Một hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ không có thời gian xác định, một hành động đã qua nhưng hậu quả của nó ở hiện tại, một hành động diễn ra ở quá khứ và vẫn tiếp tục kéo dài đến hiện tại -> Present Perfect
S + have/has + V-ed / V3
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V-ed / V3
Have/has + S + V-ed / V3?
Keyword: already, just, never, ever, yet, recently, up to now = so far (cho đến nay), this is the first/second/last.. time, for, since, during the last 5 years ( trong 5 năm qua), once, twice, three times..
Ex: I have seen “Shrek” three times. I love it.
She has been my best friend so far.
My grandfather has been sick during the last few days. 
We have been studying English for 5 years. 
9. Một hành động diễn ra trước một thời điểm 1 trong quá khứ -> Past Perfect
S + had + V-ed/V3
S + hadn’t + V-ed/V3
Had + S + V-ed / V3 ?
Keyword: until, by the time..
Ex: By the end of last March, I had studied English for 4 years.
10. Một hành động diễn ra trước ( Past Perfect), một hành động diễn ra sau (Simple Past) trong quá khứ. 
Keyword: before, after, when, as soon as (ngay khi), by (trứơc)
Ex: Last year, my sister gave me some money as soon as she had got paid. 
After he had discussed with his wife, he decided to buy the house. 
Note 1: Past Perfect + before + Simple Past
 Simple Past + after + Past Perfect 
Note 2: nếu từ when và as soon as dùng trong hành động ở tương lai, CT: 
 will + V as soon as/when Simple present / Present perfect
Ex: I will return the book to you as soon as I finish reading it / I have finished reading it. 
Note 3: Present Perfect since Simple Past 
Ex: He has been working in my company since he moved here. 
Exercises
When I (arrive) at this house, he still (sleep).
The lights (go) out when we (have) dinner.
As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident.
While my father (read) a newspaper, I (learn) my lesson and my sister (do) her homework.
The children (play) football when their mother (come) back home.
When I (come) home, I (be) very tired because I (work) all day yesterday.
He (sit) in a café when I (see) him.
They (go) home after they (finish) their work.
She said that she (already, see) Dr. Brown 
When we (come) to the stadium, the matches (already, begin).
They told me they (not /eat) such kind of food before.
He (ask) why we (come) so early.
After they (go), I (sit) down and (rest).
Before she (watch) TV, she (do) her homework.
It was the first time I (ever, see) such a beautiful girl.
Yesterday John (go) to the store before he (go) home.
Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) English in 1970.
When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (start) already.
Before Alice (go) to sleep, she (call) her family.
When the phone (ring), I (have) dinner.
Daisy (agree) with other members in the last meeting.
What you (do) at 6 p.m yesterday?
The little girl asked what (happen) to her ice-cream.
He (teach) in this school before he (leave) for English.
She (win) the gold medal in 1986.
Mr. John (be) principal of our school since last year.
Mr. Smith (teach) at this school since he graduated in 1980.
My father (not watch) TV every night. He (read) books instead. 
I (meet) Arthur three weeks ago.
Yesterday the police (report) that they (catch) the thief.
My friend (thank) me for what I (do) for him last night.
Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus.
The Browns (live) in Paris for 7 years when the Second World War (break) out.
Last month I (be) in the hospital for ten days.
Don’t call me in the afternoon. I usually (be) away in the afternoon. 
Mr. Clark (be) in New York 2 months ago. Mr. Rossi (be) in New York until two month ago.
John (drive) that car ever since I (know) him.
People (speak) English in most of Canada.
The dog (wag) his tail whenever he (see) me.
What you (do) when I (ring) you last night. 
I (not see) him since last Monday.
They (sell) all the books when we (get) there.
She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night.
I (come) as soon as I have finished my work .
 I think he (leave) as soon as he (know) the news.
My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend.
Where you (spend) your holidays next summer?
Violets (bloom) in spring.
We (not live) in England for two years now.
I (never forget) what you just tell me.
They (prepare) the Christmas dinner at the moment.
When I last (stay) in Cairo, I (ride) to the pyramids on a camel that I (borrow) the day before.
Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970.
George (work) at the university so far.
When he lived in Manchester, he (work) in a bank.
Birds (build) their nests in summer and (fly) to the south in winter.
I (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it?
My teacher wasn’t at home when I (arrive). He just (go) out.
How long Bob and Marry (be) married?
You (receive) any letter from yours parents yet?
My brother (join) the army when he (be) young.
Tom (study) chemistry for 3 days and then he gave it up.
Miss Lee often (write) when she was on holiday.
He (leave) home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since then.
I (not see) her for a long time.
I (not can) remember when I last (see) her.
When the teacher came in, the pupils (play) games.
Columbus (discover) America more than 400 years ago.
Mary (come) from London.
Up to now, the teacher (give) our class five tests.
The last train (leave) the station at 5 p.m.
Long ago, my younger brother often (cry).
David (be) born after his father die.
When I (be) a child, I (want) to be a doctor.
Please be quiet! I (work).
She (play) tennis when she (break) her arm. 
I didn’t like exercising at first. But now, I (used to / go) jogging every morning. 
After dinner, Ken (suggest) (go) for a walk. 
Please sit down! I (try) (watch) this TV program.
It (rain) every time he (go) out.
Nancy (submit) her résumé before she (know) the position was filled. 
My father (smoke) any cigarette since 2002.
Be careful! The ladder (fall) down.
When I got home, he wasn’t there. He (go) out.
When they (go) out of the house they (take) their umbrella because it (rain) 
At 9.00 on next Sunday, we (have) a dinner at our friend’s house. 
Fred and George are actors. They (act) three times a day. At the moment they (not act). They (watch) their films. 
You’d better (listen) to other people instead of (talk) about yourself all the time. 
Jimmy (throw) the ball high in the air and Betty (catch) it when it __________ (come) down.
Only five years ago, there (be) a shortage of computer specialists.
When Sue looked into the fridge, all the food (go).
I can’t find my umbrella. – Don’t worry. I (lend) you mine.
At 8 o’clock yesterday morning we (swim) in the sea 
John and Sarah first (meet) in 1998, and they (be married) for three years now.
Some people (believe) there is life on the other planets. 
While I (sit) in the café, I (see) a friend and she (join) me.
How many people (die) in the Second World War?
“Where’s the cat?” “It (lie) on the sofa.”
When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she (stop) (move) and (listen) carefully. 
Complete the sentence using these pair of verbs. Use the past simple or past progressive. 
The smoke alarm ......................... when he .. beneath it.( go off – light )
Just as I .. into the bath all the light .. off. (get – go )
When I ... in Paris, I .... three hours a day traveling to and from work. (live – spend )
She more salt to the soup, and then it .. much better. ( add – taste )
Helen .... her leg while she .. in Switzerland. ( break – ski )
When the taxi .. I . my suitcase on the back seat. ( come – put )
A friendly American couple ....chatting to him as he  at the hotel reception.(start - check in)
I bumped into Mary last week. She . a lot better than when I last .. her. ( look- see )
It was an amazing coincidence. Just as I .. to Anne, she  to my house to come and see me (write – drive )
I .. the windows as soon as it  to rain. ( shut – start )
My boss .. into the office just as I .. everyone my holiday photos. ( come – show )
He . the cake out of the oven and ..it carefully on the table ( take – place )
When his mother . in the other direction Steve  away quietly. (look – slip)
She  open the door and . into the room.( push – run )
I can't remember how to answer this question. I must confess that I  while the teacher  it to us. (not listen – explain)
III Complete these sentences using the verb given. Use the past simple or the past perfect.
As Geoff was introduced to Mrs Snape, he .. (realize) that he  (meet) her before.
During the previous week, I . (go) to the gym every morning.
By the time I ... (get) back to the bathroom, the bath  (overflow). 
The boy told me that he  (lose) his train ticket and .. (not/ know) how he would get home. 
I was just about to leave when I  (remember) my briefcase.
She .. (walk) into the station only to find that the train  (leave).
At the conference, scientists reported that they  (find) a cure for Malaria.
On my last visit to Wixton I .. (find) that the village .. (not change) much.
In a surprise move, the Prime Minister .. (resign) last night.
Jane didn't want any dinner. She .. (eat) already.
When she  (come) into the hall, everyone .... (start) cheering.
After they .. (eat) all the food, they ....(pick) up their bags and left.
I thought I would get to the restaurant first, but Jim .. (arrive) before me.
By the time I ... (get) to the party, most people .. (go) home.
As soon as I  (turn) the ignition key, the engine ..(catch) fire.
IV Choose the correct answer.
After Jessica ____ her degree, she intends to work in her father's company.
a. will finish 	b. finishes 	c. finished 	d. is finishing
As you ________ your car at the moment, can I borrow it?
a. don't use 	b. didn't use 	c. aren't using 	d. haven't used
When she saw a snake at her feet, she ________.
a. screamed 	b. was screaming	c. had screamed 	d. screams
When he realised that I ________ at him, he ________ away.
a. looked - was turning 	b. was looking - turned
c. was looking - was turning 	d. looked - turned
I ___ the new Harry Potter book now, so you can borrow my copy if you like.
a. finish 	b. am finishing 	c. have finished 	d. had finished
I was sure that I ________ him before.
a. met 	b. had met 	c. have met 	d. was meeting
Before I started the car, all of the passengers ________ their seat belts.
a. will buckle 	b. had buckled 	c. was buckling 	d. have buckled
The minute I got the news about Sue I ________ my parents.
a. phoned 	b. was phoning 	c. had phoned 	d. have phoned
A lot ________ since I last ________ you.
a. happened - saw 	b. happened - have seen
c. has happened - saw 	d. has happened - have seen
Your eyes are red - ________?
a. did you cry 	b. have you been crying
c. have you cried 	d. do you cry
A small stone struck the windshield while we _______ down the gravel road.
a. drive 	b. were driving 	c. had driven	d. had been driving
In the next few year, thousands of speed cameras ________ on major roads.
a. are appeared 	b. will appear
c. are appearing 	d. are going to appear
After she ________ hospital, she had a long holiday.
a. leaves 	b. is leaving	c. left	d. has left
________ for a long time before you got a job?
a. Were you looking 	b. Have you looked
c. Have you been looking 	d. Had you looked
The film _______ by the time we ________ to the cinema.
a. already began - got 	b. have already begun - got
c. had already begun - got 	d. already began - had got