Chuyên đề về Giới từ Tiếng anh lớp 9 - Trường THCS Hương Lâm

 PREPOSITION(giíi tõ)
 Above, over
	on
	 to	from
 	 through
	into	out of
	by
 Below, under
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on , in , from  to, for, by, after, between, till, until . 
a. At + một thời điểm cụ thể.
VD: at night/ three o’clock in the afternoon 
b. In + tháng / năm / mùa
VD: In 1978 / June / summer
In + the morning / afternoon / evening
c. On + ngày trong tuần / ngày tháng năm.
VD : on Monday / January 4th, 2007
d. From  to : từ  đến 
from + điểm thời gian + to + điểm thời gian
VD: We have classes from 7 o’clock to 11.15.
e. For + khoảng thời gian: 
VD: for two hours , a week 
f. By + một điểm thời gian: trước
VD: by five o’clock
g. After + time: 
VD: after breakfast / lunch / dinnet
h. Between + điểm thời gian + and + điểm thời gian: khoảng từ  đến 
 Between + 2 sự kiện 
i. Till / Until + điểm thời gian: đến luc, đến khi.
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: 
a. On:
* ở trên (chạm vào, sát vào, bao phủ hoặc tạo thành một phần của bề mặt.
 	VD: On the wall / grass / table.
* ở ( một đại lộ, một con đường)
VD: on Tran Hung Dao Street.
* ở trên / trong hoặc một phương tiện chuyên chở.
VD: on the plane / train
* trên / dựa trên 
VD: on his back, on horse back 
b. At + địa chỉ : 
VD: at 10 Ngo Quyen Street.
c. In + tên nước, tỉnh, thành phố.
VD: in viet Nam, in Ho Chi Minh city.
d. Một số giới từ chỉ vị trí khác:
above ( bên trên), around ( xung quanh), behind (đằng sau), below ( bên dưới), beside (bên cạnh), between (ở giữa), far from (ở xa), in front of (trước mặt), in the middle of ( ở giữa), inside (bên trong), near (gần), next to (bên cạnh), on the top of (trên đỉnh), outside (bên ngồi), under (bên dưới).
III. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
1. Adjective + about:
Worried about: lo lắng 
Nervous about: lo lắng 
Excited about: hồi hộp
Upset about: bực tức
Annoyed about: Phiền tối
Happy /sad about; Vui /buồn 
Angry about : giận về việc gì
Furious about: giận dữ
Sorry about
2. Adjective + of:
Afraid of: sợ , e ngại
Frightened of: sợ hãi
Terrified of: sợ hãi
Scared of:sợ hãi
Fond of: thích
Tired of: chán
Proud of: tự hào
Ashamed of: hổ thẹn
Full of: đầy những
Short of: cạn kiệt
Jealous of: ghen tỵ với
Envious of: ghen tỵ với
Capable / incapable of: cĩ khả năng/ khơng cĩ khả năng
Aware / conscious of: ý thức về
Confident of: tin tưởng
3. Adjective + at:
- Good / bad/ excellent/ clever at (= giỏi / tốt / xuất sắc/ khéo léo về)
- surprised/ astonished/ amazed/ shocked at (or by): kinh ngạc
- skilful at: cĩ kỹ năng về
- clumsy at: vụng về
- annoyed at : khĩ chựu về
4. Adjective + for:
- availaible: cĩ sẵn
- difficult for: khĩ
- late for: muộn
- dangerous for: nguy hiểm
- famous for / well-known for: nổi tiếng
- suitable for: phù hợp
- sorry for: xin lỗi
- helpful for / useful for: cĩ lợi / cĩ ích
- ready for; sẵn sàng
- Responsible for: chựu trách nhiệm về việc gì
- good for: tốt 
- convenient for: thuận tiện
- qualified for: cĩ phẩm chất
- Necessary for: cần thiết
- grateful for st: biết ơn về
5. Adjective + with:
Fed up with/ bored with: chán
Satisfied with: hài lịng
Delighted with: phấn khởi
Disappointed with; thất vọng
Crowded/ overcrowded with: đơng đúc
Covered with: bao phủ
Angry with: giận dữ
Contrasted with: tương phản
Popular with: phổ biến
Familiar with: quen thuộc với ai
Pleased with:hài lịng
Furious with: phẫn nộ
Busy with: bận
Friendly; thân mật
Acquainted with: làm quen với
6. Adjective + in:
- interested in: thích, quan tâm về
- rich in: giàu về
- successful in:thành cơng
- confident in sb: tin cậy vào ai
7. Adjective + from:
- Absent from: vắng mặt
- different from: khác 
- far from: xa
- safe from: an tồn
- Divorced from: ly dị, làm xa rời
8. Adjective + to:
Nice/kind/polite/ generous/ friendly/ unfriendly to
Harmful to: cĩ hại
Similar to: tương tự
Be married/ engaged to sb (= thành hơn/ đính hơn)
Note: Nice/kind/polite/ generous of sb to do st
9. Adjective + on: 
Keen on: + n/ V-ing: say mê
Dependent on + n/ V-ing: lệ thuộc
10. Một số trường hợp cần lưu ý:
- be tired of: chán
EX: I’m tired of doing the same work every day
- be tired from:mệt mỏi
Ex: I’m tired from walking for a long time
- be grateful to sb for st:biết ơn ai về vấn đề gì
Ex: I’m grateful to you for your help
- be responsible to sb for st: chựu trách nhiệm với ai về việc gì
Ex: you have to be responsible to me for your actions
IV. VERB + PREPOSITION
1. VERBS + FOR:
- apply for: xin việc
- ask for; yêu cầu
- Look for: tìm kiếm
- Thank for: cảm ơn
- leave for:dời để
- search: tìm kiếm
- pay for: trả tiền
- wait for: đợi
2. verbs + to: 
- Belong to: thuộc về
- listen to: nghe
- happen to: xảy ra với
- write to: viết
Speak to: nĩi
- explain to;giải thích
- Apologize to: xin lỗi
- prefer to: thích hơn
- complain to sb about st: phàn nàn
- talk to: nĩi
3. verbs + on:
Depend on: lệ thuộc vào / Rely on: tin cậy / Live on: sống nhờ vào
4. verbs + at:
- look at: /- glance at: liếc nhìn vào / - smile at: cuời / - laugh at;cuời / - Shout at: la lối
- Point at: chĩa /- aim: nhằm
5. Verbs + of:
Consist of : bao gồm
- die of/ from: chết vì
- approve of: tán thành
- admire sb of st: khâm phục ai
Complain to sb of / about st: phàn nàn
think of/ about: nghĩ
- accuse sb of st: tố cáo 
6. Others:
- Look after + take care of: chăm sĩc
- be/ get used to: quen 
- suffer from; chựu đựng
- look up / for/ at/ forward to/ : 
- put on/ off/: mặc/ hỗn lại
- blame sb for st: đỗ lỗi
- belong to: thuộc về
- congratulate sb on st: chúc mừng
- arrive at (station, bus, stop) địa điểm nhỏ
- arrive in (London, Paris, Viet Nam..) địa điểm lớn
- turn into/ change into: hố ra
- bring up: nuơi lớn
- agree with: đồng ý
- borrow st from sb; muợn
- participate in: tham gia
- Object to sb/ V-ing: phản đối
- call off: huỷ bỏ
- stand for: tượng trưng
- differ from: khác
- introduce to sb: giới thiệu
- escape from:thốt khỏi
- insist on: khăng khăng
- prevent from: ngăn chặn
- succeed in: thành cơng về
V. PREPOSITION + NOUN:
1. ON
On + thứ trong tuần/ ngàytrong tháng. 
 Ví dụ: I will call you on Thursday. His birthday is on February 3.
On + a/the + phương tiện giao thơng (bus/ plane/ train/ ship/ bike).
Ví dụ: It’s two late to see Jane; she’s already on the plane. I came to school this morning on the bus.
On a street : ở tại phố. Ví dụ: I lives on 1st Ngọc khánh.
On + the + số thứ tự + floor: ở tầng thứ.
Ví dụ: My girlfriend lives on the fourth floor of an old building by my house.
On time : đúng giờ (bất chấp hồn cảnh bên ngồi). 
Ví dụ: Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time.
On the corner (of two street) : gĩc giữa 2 phố.
Ví dụ: My house is on the corner of Ngọc khánh street and Trộm cướp street.
 On the corner at the corner in the corner
On the sidewalk : trên vỉa hè.
Ví dụ: Don’t walk in the street, walk on the sidewalk.
On the way : trên đường tới >< on the way back to: trên đường trở về.
Ví dụ: We can stop at the grocery store on the way to their house.
On the right/ left : ở bên trái/ bên phải.
Ví dụ: Paul sits on the left side of the room and Dave sits on the right.
On television/ (the) radio: trên truyền hình/ trên đài phát thanh.
Ví dụ: The president’s “State of the Union Address” will be on television and on the radio tonight.
On the telephone (on the phone): nĩi trên điện thoại, gọi điện thoại, nhà cĩ mắc điện thoại.
Ví dụ: Is your house on the telephone ? - nhà cậu cĩ mắc điện thoại khơng?
 Janet will be here soon; she is on the telephone.
On the whole = in general : nĩi chung.
Ví dụ: On the whole, the rescue mission was well executed.
On the other hand: tuy nhiên.
on the one hand ... on the other hand : một mặt ... mặt khác.
Ví dụ: The present perfect aspect is never used to indicate a specific time; on the other hand, the simple past tense is.
On sale 	1- for sale : cĩ bán, để bán.
	2- bán hạ giá.
Ví dụ: The house will go on sale this weekend.
The regular price of the radio is $39.95, but today it’s on sale for $25.
On foot: đi bộ.
Ví dụ: My car would not start so I came on foot.
* on fire: đang cháy
* On a diet: ăn kiêng
2. AT
at - ở tại (thường là bên ngồi, khơng xác định bằng in)
 Ví dụ: Jane is at the bank.
At + số nhà.
Ví dụ: George lives at 565 16th Avenue.
At + thời gian cụ thể.
Ví dụ: The class begin at 5:15.
At + home/ school/ work : ở nhà/ ở trường/ đang làm việc.
Ví dụ: Charles is at work and his roommate is at school. At night, they are usually at home.
At + noon/ night: vào ban trưa/ vào ban đêm.
at noon (Mỹ) : đúng 12h trưa.
At least : tối thiểu >< at most : tối đa.
Ví dụ: We will have to spend at least two weeks doing the experiments.
At once : ngay lập tức.
Ví dụ: Please come home at once.
At times : thi thoảng, đơi khi.
Ví dụ: At times, it is difficult to understand him because he speaks too fast.
At present/ the moment = now + thời tiếp diễn. 
At first : thoạt đầu >< at last : về sau.
Ví dụ: Jane was nervous at first, but later she felt more relaxed.
At the beginning/ at the end of : ở đầu/ ở cuối ( dùng cho địa điểm/ thời gian).
3. Một số thành ngữ đặc biệt dùng với giới từ.
On the beach: trên bãi biển. 
Ví dụ: We walked on the beach for several hours last night.
In place of = instead of : thay cho, thay vì.
Ví dụ: Sam is going to the meeting in place of his brother, who has to work.
Lưu ý: In place of khơng thay thế được cho instead khi instead đi một mình đứng cuối câu.
Ví dụ: She was supposed to come this morning, but she went to the lab instead.
In hopes of + Ving = hoping to + verb = hoping that + sentence.
Ví dụ: John called his brother in hopes of finding somebodyto watch his children.
Of course : chắc chắn, tất nhiên. 
Ví dụ: If you study the material very thoroughly, you will have no trouble on the examination.
Off and on : dai dẳng, tái hồi, từng chập một.
Ví dụ: It rained off and on all day yesterday.
All of a sudden: bất thình lình.
Ví dụ: When we were walking through the woods, all of a sudden, we heard a strange sound.
For good = for ever : vĩnh viễn, mãi mãi.
Ví dụ: Helen is leaving Chicago for good.
4. Out of (ra khỏi) >< into (di vào)
be (run) out of + danh từ : hết, khơng cịn.
be out of town : đi vắng.
Mr. Adams cannot see you this week because he is out of town.
be out of date (cũ, lỗi thời) >< be up to date (mới, cập nhật, hợp thời)
Don’t use that dictionary. It is out of date. Find one that is up to date.
be out of work : thất nghiệp.
I have been very unhappy since I have been out of work.
be out of the question : khơng thể được.
Your request for an extension of credit is out of the question.
be out of order: hỏng.
We had to use our neighbour’s telephone because ours was out of order.
5. BY
Động từ chỉ chuyển động + by = đi ngang qua.
Động từ tĩnh + by = ở gần, ở bên.
by + thời gian cụ thể : trước lúc.
Ví dụ: We usually eat supper by six o’clock in the evening.
By được dùng trong câu bị động để chỉ ra chủ thể gây hành động. 
Ví dụ: Romeo and Juliet was writen by William Shakespeare.
By + phương tiện giao thơng (bus/ plane/ train/ car/ ship/ bike).
Ví dụ: We traveled to Boston by train.
By then : trước lúc đĩ.
Ví dụ: I will graduate from the university in 1997. By then, I hope to have found a job.
By way of = via : theo đường.
Ví dụ: We are driving to Atlanta by way of Baton Rouge.
By the way : 	1- tình cờ.
Ví dụ: By the way, I’ve got two tickets for Saturday’s game. Would you like to go with me?
	2- nhân đây, tiện đây.
By far + tính từ so sánh : (dùng để nhấn mạnh).
Ví dụ: This book is by far the best on the subject.
By accident / by mistake : tình cờ. >< on purpose (cố tình).
Ví dụ: Nobody will receive a check on Friday because the wrong cards were put into the computer by accident.
* by heart: học thuộc lịng
6.IN
In (ở trong, ở tại) - nghĩa xác định hơn at
In a room/ building/ drawer/ closet : bên trong ... 
Ví dụ: Your socks are in the drawer.
In + năm/ tháng.
Ví dụ: His birthday is in April. I will begen class in 1998.
In time : đúng giờ -vừa vặn.
Ví dụ: We arrived at the airport in time to eat before the plane left.
In the street: dưới lịng đường.
Ví dụ: The children were warned not to play in the street.
In the morning / afternoon/ evening : vào buổi sáng/ buổi chiều/ buổi tối.
Ví dụ: I have a dental appointment in the morning, but I will be free in the afternoon.
In the past/ future: trong quá khứ/ tương lai.
Ví dụ: In the past, attendance at school was not compulsory, but it is today.
In future : từ nay trở đi.
Ví dụ: I will spend much time on learning English in future because the TOEFL test is coming.
In the beginning/ end. : thoạt đầu/ rốt cuộc = at first/ at last.
Ví dụ: Everyone seemed unfriendly in the beginning but in the end everyone made friends.
In the way : chắn ngang lối, đỗ ngay lối.
Ví dụ: He could not park his car in the driveway because another car was in the way.
Once in a while : thỉnh thoảng, đơi khi.
Ví dụ: Once in a while, we eat dinner at Chiness restaurant.
In no time at all: trong nháy mắt, trong 1 thống.
Ví dụ: George finishes his assignment in no time at all.
In the meantime = meanwhile : trong lúc đĩ.
Ví dụ: We start school in several weeks, but in the meantime, we can take a trip.
In the middle : ở giữa (địa điểm).
Ví dụ: Grace stood in the middle of the room looking for her friend.
In the army/ air force/ navy. Trong quân đội/ trong khơng lực/ trong hải quân.
In the + số thứ tự + row : ở hàng ghế thứ.
Ví dụ: We are going to sit in the fifteen row of the auditorium.
In the event that : trong trường hợp.
Ví dụ: In the event that you win the prize, you will be notified by mail.
In case : để phịng khi, để ngộ nhỡ.
Ví dụ: I will give you the key to the house so you will have it in case I arrive a little late.
Be/ get in touch/ contact with : tiếp xúc, liên lạc, gặp gỡ với ai.
Ví dụ: It’s very difficult to get in touch with Jenny because she works all day.
In fact: = actually: thực ra
In general: nĩi chung
In meantime: đồng thời
USEFUL PREPOSITIONS 9
Unit 1
take somebody to some place	: đưa ai tới nơi nào
at the end of the week	: cuối tuần
to depend on	: tùy thuộc vào
to be rich in	: giàu cĩ, phong phú về
to be famous for	: nổi tiếng về
to be keep in touch (with sb)	: giữ liên lạc (với ai)
Unit 2
different from	: khác với > < the same as (giống)
to be named after	: được đặt tên theo
to be proud of	: tự hào về
in many ways	: về nhiều phương diện
over the world	: trên thế giới
Unit 3
Preposition of place
on a farm
in a field
by a river – in the river/sea
walk up the mountain
near the foot of a mountain
in / under the tree
cross a bamboo forest
in the corner of the room
at / on the corner of the street
in the sky
at the entrace to the village
on the way (home) / (to Oxford)
Preposition of time
from Monday to / till Thursday
for half an hour
between 11 AM and 1 PM
at the beginning of the week
at the end of the week / month / year 
in the end = finally
since last summer / winter 
Unit 4
amount to	: cộng lại đến / thành
deposit in / on	: đặt
* order sb to do sth	: ra lệnh cho ai làm gì
Unit 5
respond to sb / sth	: đáp lại
communicate with sb	: giao tiếp
limit sb / sth to	: giới hạn vào / ở
be accessible to	: tiếp cận được
Unit 6
disappointed at / about sth	: thất vọng về việc gì
disappointed in sth	: thất vọng trong việc gì
persuade sb of sth	: thuyết phục ai làm việc gì
provide sb with sth	: cung cấp cho ai thứ gì
reduce sth to sth	: thu giảm điều gì đến mức nào
prevent sb from doing sth	: ngăn cản ai làm điều gì
Unit 7
apply to somewhere for sth	: nộp đơn vào đâu để xin việc gì
apply sth to sth	: áp dụng điều gì cho cái gì
do sth on one’s profit	: làm việc gì vì lợi ích của ai
profitable to sb	: cĩ lợi cho ai
replace sth / sb with sth / sb	: thay cái gì / ai bằng cái gì /ai
Unit 8
throughout the year	: suốt năm
distinguish A from B	: phân biệt A với B
in a word	: nĩi tĩm lại, tắt một lời
Unit 9
prepare for sth	: chuẩn bị cho cái gì đĩ
bring along sth	: mang theo cái gì đĩ
warn sb about sth	: khiến cho ai cảnh giác, đề phịng cái gì
cause damage to sth	: làm cái gì hư hại
Unit 10
be under experiment	: đang được thử nghiệm
around the world	: khắp thế giới
plan for sth 	: dự kiến, trù tính cái gì
in perfect health	: với sức khỏe hồn hảo
Giíi tõ chØ thêi gian
Choose the suitable prepositions in brackets
Ba and Tam usually go fishing........................the weekends. (on, in, from, at)
The students will visit the capital.........................the summer. (on, in, at, of)
They heard a very strange noise............................midnight. (on, in, at, out)
Our little brother took a long nap from 1p.m.........................4p.m. (till, up, between, at)
The competitions will take place..........................8a.m and 12a.m. (from, between, up to, to)
She talked........................an hour to persuade her parents. (in, for, at, up to)
They have learned English..............................many years. (since, for, in, from)
The boys often go skiing..........................the winter. (in, at, on, for)
I’ve studied French................................3 months. (for, since, in)
I arrived.......................the bus stop at 4 in the afternoon. (in, at, on, to)
She has been here..................................yesterday. (in, since, for, on)
We will go................................a picnic next week. (in, at, on, to)
She took many pictures to show the trip.........................her parents. (of, for, to, with)
There is a meeting..............................9 a.m. and 2 p.m. (in, till, between, at)
We have lived in Hanoi............................4 years. (in, since, for, at)
She was born................................16th January. (in, of, at, on)
I’ve studied French................................last week. (for, since, in)
arrived at the bus stop at 4 ................................ the afternoon. (in, at, on, to)
What did she do ......................the weekend? (on, in, to, for)
II. Put a circle round the letter of the correct word
a. The play begins..half past seven
 A. on B. in C. at D. to
b. The meeting of the History Society takes placetwo o’clock on Friday
 A. between B. from C. after D. since
c. This shop is open.nine o’clock on Friday evenings
 A. until B. though C. since D. during
d. There is an English examination.. Friday,11th December.
 A. at B. in C. to D. on
e. The school library is open at any time between four o’clockhalf past five
 A. from B. and C. to D. until
f. “Back to the Future” is at the Odeon .two weeks in October.
 A. since B. through C. as D. for
1-Use prepositions to complete the sentences
They turn _____ the water to repair a pipe.
It’s cold in here. Turn ______the heating, please.
Who’s going to look ______ the children while you’re away.
He is looking______ his pen all morning.
2-Bài tập bám sát:
 1. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs given: turn off, go on, look for, look after, turn down
 a. After graduating from college, he want to ________ a job.
 b. “ Please ________ the radio, it’s too loud”
 c. Remember to ________ all lights before you leave your room.
 d. Don’t be depressed by your result ________ studying or you’ll get even worse ones.
 e. Mrs Mai is ________ a baby sister to ________her baby.
 2. Put in the correct prepositions:
 a. Why don’t we turn _______ television. The Miss Contest is on now
 b. They turn ________the water while they repair a burst pipe.
 c. Who’s looking ________the baby when you are away?
 d. Are you still looking _______ a job?
 e. If you keep ________ using more and more cars, we’ll run out of oil
3-Bài tập nâng cao:
 1. Complete the sentences, using a suitable preposition
 a. The radio is a bit aloud. Can you turn it _________ a bit, please.
 b. The children are asleep. Don’t wake them _______!