Chuyên đề Câu chủ động và câu bị động môn Tiếng anh

Câu chủ động và Câu bị động
tenses (các thì)
active (chủ động)
passive (bị động)
1. The simple present 
Thì hiện tại đơn giản
S+ V(s, es) +O
S + am/ is / are + P2 + by O
2. The present continuous
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
S +am / is / are + V +ing + O
S +am / is / are + being + P2 + by O
3. The present perfect
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
S + have / has + P2 + O
S + have / has + been + P2 + by O
4. The simple past
Thì quá khứ đơn giản
S + V + ed + O
S + were / was + P2 + by O
5. The past continuous
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
S + were / was + V + ing + O
S + were / was + being + P2 + by O
6. The past perfect
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
S + had + P2 + O
S + had +been + P2 + by O
7. The near future
Thì tương lai gần
S + is/am/ are + going to + V (infinitive) + O
S + am/is/are + going to + be +P2 + by O
8. The simple future
Thì tương lai đơn giản
S + will / shall + V (infinitive) + O
S + will/ shall + be + P2 + by O
một số quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân ngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động. Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động.
Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động.
"She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động
Cách chuyển đổi
Active (chủ động)
Passive (bị động)
chủ ngữ (S)
→ tân ngữ (O)
động từ (V)
→ P2
tân ngữ (O)
→ chủ ngữ (S)
Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động giống nhau
Dùng câu bị động khi: 
- Không biết người thực hiện hành động
- Không quan tâm đến người thực hiện hành động
- Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động
Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các trường hợp sau: 
- Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body ................
- People, You, Them
	ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
The room is cleaned everyday.
- Somebody .
They cancelled all the flights because of fog.( to cancel: hoãn)
- All the flights ..
This road is not used very often.
- This road 
How do people learn languages?
- People .
People advised us not to go out alone.( to advise: khuyên)
- We 
The girl did not give me the money.
- I ..
- The money .
A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ..
Nobody told me the story.
- I .
- The story .
Oil lamps were used years ago.
- People .
When did they open that hospital?
- When 
The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation from the sun.( to protect: bảo vệ)
- The earth ..
Did anyone see you come in?
- Were you ?
She'll be told which bus to catch.
- Someone .
The house was broken into.
- Somebody..
He was not taken care of by his mother.
- His mother.
They will inform you the result of the exam by letter.( to inform: thông báo)
- You .
- The result .
When will the shop be opened?
- they?
They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now.
- Fish .
A textbook will be published by that company next year.( to publish: xuất bản)
- That company.
 I was told to change the way by my friends.
- My friends .
Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
- Many famous plays .
Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann 
 Is the course taught by professor Jackson?
- Does ...................................................................................? 
Doctor Ikeda developed that theory.( to develop: phát triển)
- That theory ..
A storm destroyed the small fishing village.( to destroy: phá huỷ)
- The small .
 The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.
- .Hundreds of people...........................................................................
The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today.
- Paper, ..
Jim’s daughter drew that picture.
- That picture 
A new roof was put on last year.
- They..
Someone empties the dustbins every Thursday.
- The dustbins 
She delivers milk at about six o’clock .
- Milk 
They will probably send him back to Britain.
- He ..
They found him dead in his flat early this morning.
- He .
A doctor examined the elephant.
- The elephant ..
They took it back to the zoo.
- It 
The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000.(fee: mức chuyển nhượng)
- He ..
Stephen made this film in Hollywood last year.
- This film .
Irish fisherman used this kind of boat one thousand years ago.
- This kind 
Redwood took the photos during his voyage.
- The photos ..
Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album.
- All the songs ..
They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.( to print: in)
- The words 
They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week.(to repeat: nhắc lại) 
- This documentary ...
Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird 
 This kind of bird is protected by laws.( to protect: bảo vệ)
- Laws.
The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He 
 He will be given some money by the company when he retires
- The company 
- Some money ...
 Rossi produced “ War in Space “.
- “War in Space” 
She bought some tulips yesterday.
- Some tulips 
 He usually washes his car every Sunday morning.
- His car ..
His experiment was carried out ten years ago.( to carry: thực hiện)
- He ..
They grow rice in the north.
- Rice ..
The postman was bitten by our dog.( to bite- bit- bitten: cắn, đốt)
- Our dog 
What did he write with it?
- What was ?
They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.(to hold- held- held: tổ chức)
- An international ..
The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago.
- Windmills 
I’ll meet her at the airport.
- She 
ACTIVE - PASSIVE 11th grade - TEST
Time: 15 mins
Change the active into the passive.
1. Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann..
2. I didn't write that letter.
- That letter
3. Hundreds of people visit the White House everyday.
- The White House.
4. Everyone doesn't know this fact very well.
- This fact.
5. Do you wash the dishes everyday?
- Are?
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
- That play
2. Does Jackson give that lecture?
- Is ?
3. They will send you the money at the end of the month.
- You.
4. People speak Spanish in many countries.
- Spanish
5. The children often read stories in the evening.
- Stories.
1. Alice didn't make that cake.
- That cake.
2. They buy newspapers everywhere in the city.
- Newspapers 
3.That company will publish a textbook next year.
- A textbook .
4. She delivers milk at about six o’clock .
- Milk 
5. Somebody cleans the room everyday.
- The room .
1. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ..
2. They will probably send him back to Britain.
- He 
3. Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird 
4. They grow rice in the north.
- Rice ..
5. We don't raise cows on our farm.
- Cows ..
1. People used oil-lamps years ago.
- Oil-lamps .
2. The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He 
3. The old woman feeds fowls twice a day.
- The fowls 
4. Does he often clean the windows?
- Are.?
5. She doesn't grow any trees in her garden.
- Trees ..
1. The company will give him some money when he retires
- When he retires, he 
2. They took it back to the zoo.
- It 
3. Someone picks the fruits everyday.
- Fruits..
4. Does the girl do the housework?
- Is ..?
5. They don't drive out the cattle to the field in the winter.
- The cattle
1. The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000.
- He ..
2. I’ll meet her at the airport.
- She 
3. Japan makes a lot of cars.
- Cars
4. They don't keep cows over there.
- Cows 
5. Does machine do most of the farm work?
- Is ?
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE 12
Somebody cleans the room everyday.
- The room .
They cancelled all the flights because of fog.
- All the flights ..
People do not use this road very often.
- This road 
How do people learn languages?
- How .
People advised us not to go out alone.
- We 
They are going to build a supermarket next year.
- A supermarket .
She is using the computer at the moment.
- The computer 
They are opening a new ring road round the city.
- A new ring road ..
They have built a big hospital which costs much money.
- A big hospital ..
The girl did not give me the money.
- I ..
- The money .
A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ..
Nobody told me the story.
- I .
- The story .
About 30 million people are watching this program.
- This program 
They are building some new houses down the street.
- Some new houses .
They have moved nothing in your room.
- Nothing .
People used oil-lamps years ago.
- Oil-lamps .
When did they open that hospital?
- When 
The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation from the sun.
- The earth ..
Did anyone see you come in?
- Were you ?
He hates people staring at him.
- He hates being .
Someone will tell her which bus to catch.
- She .
Thieves broke into the house.
- The house ..
His mother did not take care of him.
- He .
They will inform you the result of the exam by letter.
- You .
- The result .
When will they open the shop?
- When 
They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now.
- Fish .
They have sold thousands of CD machines since 1980.
- Thousands ..
That company will publish a textbook next year.
- A textbook .
My friends told me to change the way.
- I .
Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
- Many famous plays .
Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann 
Alex is preparing that report.
- That report 
The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
- The lesson .
Kathy had returned the book to the library.
- The book .
Does professor Jackson teach that course?
- Is the course ?
Is Mrs. Brown painting your house?
- Is your house .?
Doctor Ikeda developed that theory.
- That theory ..
A storm destroyed the small fishing village.
- The small .
Hundreds of people visit the Washington Monument each day.
- The Washington Monument 
The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today.
- Paper, ..
Jim’s daughter drew that picture.
- That picture 
They put on a new roof last year.
- A new roof ..
Someone empties the dustbins every Thursday.
- The dustbins 
She delivers milk at about six o’clock .
- Milk 
They are going to finish a new school in the village next year.
- A new school 
The police are questioning the man.
- The man ..
They will probably send him back to Britain.
- He ..
Since then people have seen him in 10 different countries
- He ..
They found him dead in his flat early this morning.
- He .
They are watching all the airports and ports
- All the 
A doctor examined the elephant.
- The elephant ..
They took it back to the zoo.
- It 
The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000.
- He ..
Stephen made this film in Hollywood last year.
- This film .
Irish fisherman used this kind of boat one thousand years ago.
- This kind 
Redwood took the photos during his voyage.
- The photos ..
Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album.
- All the songs ..
They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.
- The words 
They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week
- This documentary ...
Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird 
Law protects this kind of bird.
-This kind of bird .
She has not changed the flowers.
- The flowers ..
They have prepared tables for lunch.
-Tables 
Somebody is listening to my phone calls.
-My phone calls ..
Someone had stolen his car.
- His car ..
Someone had broken the windows.
- The windows ..
The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He 
The company will give him some money when he retires
- He 
- Some money ...
 Rossi produced “ War in Space “.
- “War in Space” 
They are showing the film at Leicester Square.
- The film ..
Who is going to feed the babies?
- By whom ..
They are repairing the road leading to the city centre.
- The road ..
They have repaired the road which leads to the village.
- The road 
She bought some tulips yesterday.
- Some tulips 
 He usually washes his car every Sunday morning.
- His car ..
Our teacher of English has taught us the passive voice
- We .
- The passive voice ...
His experiment was carried out ten years ago.
- He ..
They haven’t done much.
- Much .
I’ve written these sentences in different ways.
- These sentences .
They grow rice in the north.
- Rice ..
They are building a market near the hospital.
- A market ..
When we came, they were repairing the roof of the house.
- When we came, the roof .
We are going to select him for the team.
- He .
They had finished the work before they went out.
- The work .
The postman was bitten by our dog.
- Our dog 
What did he write with it?
- What was ?
Man is cutting down forests.
- Forests 
The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house.
- Plans .
They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.
- An international ..
That factory is producing more and more pollution.
- More and more pollution ..
The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago.
- Windmills 
I’ll meet her at the airport.
- She 
Has anyone told you about it yet?
- Have you .?
- Has it .?
No one has asked me that question before..
- I 
95. This place was designed by a French architect.
- A French ..
96. Huge pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians.
- The ancient 
97. My car has been repaired by this mechanic.
- This mechanic ..
98. This milk is brought to my door by Tom.
- Tom ..
99. An old man was hit by the car. ( hit - hit - hit )
- The car ..
100. Good progress is being made by John in his studies.
- John 
101. He will be seen off at the airport.
- They 
102. More schools are going to be built in the city.
- People 
103. This building has been pulled down.
- They 
104. This room has not been used for years. 
- Nobody .
- People .
105. Things are stolen from supermarkets every day.
- Someone ..
106. Nothing had been moved until the police came.
- They .
107. I wasn't introduced to any of the guests at the party last night.
- Noone .
108. Our salary is going to be increased.
- They ..
109. For a long time the Earth was believed to be flat.
- People 
110. This old oak is said to be over 200 years old.
- People ..
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE - WORD CHOICE
282. They signed the contract at lunchtime. In passive voice, this should be:
a. They were signed the contract at lunchtime.	
b. At lunchtime the contract were signed by them.
c. The contract at lunchtime was signed by them.	
d. The contract was signed at lunchtime.
283. The police are questioning him at their headquarter.
a. The police are being questioned at their headquarter.	
b. He was questioned at their headquarter.
c. He's being questioned by the police at their headquarter.	
d. He was being questioned by the police at their headquarter.