Bài tập và ngữ pháp về Câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp Tiếng anh lớp 8

 CÂU TRỰC TIẾP à CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
1. Giới thiệu: Trong lời nói trực tiếp, chúng ta ghi lại chính xác những từ, ngữ của người nói dùng. 
Lời nói trực tiếp thường được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép " "
 	Ví dụ: 	1- He said, “I learn English”.
 	2- "I love you," she said.
2. Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp:
2.1 Đổi thì của câu:
Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp):
Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp
Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp
- Hiện tại đơn
- Hiện tại tiếp diễn
- Hiện tại hoàn thành
- Hiện tại hoàn thành TD
- Quá khứ đơn
- Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Tương lai đơn
- Tương lai TD
- Is/am/are going to do
- Can/may/must 
- Quá khứ đơn
- Quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Quá khứ hoàn thành TD
- Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi)
- Tương lai trong quá khứ
- Tương lai TD trong quá khứ
- Was/were going to do
- Could/might/had to 
2.2 Các thay đổi khác:
a. Thay đổi Đại từ
Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi như bảng sau
ĐẠI TỪ
TRỰC TIẾP
GIÁN TIẾP
Đại từ
nhân xưng
I
he, she
we
they
you
they
me
him, her
us
them
you
them
Đại từ
sở hữu
my
his, her
our
their
your
their
mine
his, her
ours
theirs
yours
theirs
b. Các thay đổi ở trạng từ không gian và thời gian:
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
This
That
These
Here
Now
Today
Ago
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Next week
Last week
Last year
That
That
Those
There
Then
That day
Before
The next day / the following day
In two day’s time / two days after
The day before / the previous day
Two day before
The following week
The previous week / the week before
The previous year / the year before
Ví dụ: 
Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now."
Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then.
* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
EX: 	 1. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
2. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX:	My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
	- My friend said that I had better contact with her.
3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.
	He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
	- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait.
4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian xác định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
EX: She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”	
 - She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
CÁC LOẠI CÂU TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIÊP
 Loại câu
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech ( Reported)
Statements
(câu kể)
S + said(that) + S + V →
 told(that)
Ex: He said “I go to school early”
S + said that + S + V- ed (lùi thì)
He said that he went to school early.
Imperatives.
(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
Ex1: The teacher said “Open your 
 books, please”
Ex2: “John, please don’t tell anyone my new adress” said Mary 
 asked
 told
S + ordered + O + to/not to + V
 commanded
The teacher asked her students to open 
 their books.
Mary told John not to tell anyone her 
 new dress.
Yes/ No questions
Auxiliary(trợ động từ) + S + V?→
Eg 1: “Are you a student?”.
Eg 2: “Did you see this film?”.
S + asked +O+ if/whether + S + V(lùi thì)
He asked me if/whether I was a student.
He asked me if/whether I had seen that film.
WH-
questions
WH + auxiliary + S + V?. → 
Eg: “Where have you gone?”.
S + asked + O + WH + S + V(lùi thì).
He asked me where I had gone.
 ___________________________________________________________
EXERCISES
Change the following sentences into reported speech:
I. Imperative sentence
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
 ..
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
 ..
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
 ..
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
 ..
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
 ..
6. She told him: “take it and come with me”.
 ..
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
..
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
..
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
..
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
..
 II. Statements
 She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”
à ___________________________________________________________
They said, “We are learning English now”
à___________________________________________________________
“ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.
à ___________________________________________________________
“ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
à ___________________________________________________________
“I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.
à___________________________________________________________
 “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.
à ___________________________________________________________
“ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
à___________________________________________________________
“ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.
à ___________________________________________________________
Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this axercise.”
à ___________________________________________________________
Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.
à___________________________________________________________
John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.
à___________________________________________________________
11. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
à___________________________________________________________
III. Questions
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Mike asked Peter
_________________________________________________________________________
2. “Do you like sports?” Hang asked Nam
___________________________________________________________________________
3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
___________________________________________________________________________
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
___________________________________________________________________________
5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
___________________________________________________________________________
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
___________________________________________________________________________
7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
___________________________________________________________________________
8. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
___________________________________________________________________________
9. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked John
__________________________________________________________________________
10. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
___________________________________________________________________________
11. “What time doesthe film begin?” She asked her mom
___________________________________________________________________________
12. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”
___________________________________________________________________________
13. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
__________________________________________________________________________