Tổng hợp ngữ pháp và bài tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9

* Part 1: GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES
UNIT 1: A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL
A/> USED TO: (Đó từng)
1/ Affirmative: S + used to + bare infinitive
My father used to be a high school teacher.
2/ Negative: S + didn’t use to + bare infinitive
We didn’t use to go to school by bus, but now we do.
3/ Questions: Wh-word + Did + S + use to + bare infinitive?
Where did you use to live when you were a child?
B/> Sentence structures with Wish ( giỏ mà, ước gỡ)
1/ For present actions.
 S1 + wish + S2 + unreal past ( Ved / V2 / be " were / can " could)
I can’t speak Chinese. đ I wish I could speak Chinese.
Lan doesn’t understand the grammar lesson. đ She wishes she understood the grammar lesson.
2/ For future actions.
S1 + wish + S2 + would / could / were going to + infinitive
We are going to do a test tomorrow. đ We wish we weren’t going to do a test tomorrow.
Tom won’t come with us on the trip to the countryside. đWe wish he would come with us on the trip to the countryside.
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UNIT 2: CLOTHING
A/> Passive voice.
I/> Some ordinary Passive Forms.
1/ Modal passive: S + modal verb + be + p.p
Ex: Our house will be repainted by my mother
2/ Present simple passive: S + am/ is/ are + p.p
Ex: A lot of rice is grown in Asia.
3/ Simple past passive: S + were / was + p.p
Ex: When the headmaster was away, his work was done by his assistant.
4/ Present continuous passive: S + am / is / are + being + p.p
Ex: I can’t use my car today. It is being serviced in the garage.
5/ Pass continuous passive: S + was/ were + being + p.p
Ex: When we came, a new market was being built in the town center.
6/ Present perfect passive: S + has/ have + been + p.p
Ex: The car can work now. It has just been repaired.
B/> The present perfect tense.
I/> Form:
Affirmative: S + has/ have + p.p
Negative: S + has/ have + not + p.p
Interrogative: Has/ Have + S + p.p?
II/> Use:
Repeated events. Ex: We have often seen Jim and his dog in the park.
Indefinite past events. Ex: I have met that man.
Unfinished actions with Since/ For. Ex: She has worked for this company for 5 years.
Experiences. Ex: Have you ever eaten Japanese food? – No, I’ve never eaten it. We have visited 5 countries so far.
Completion. Ex: we have already done our homework.
Recent events. Ex: Mary has just phoned from the airport./ My grandma hasn’t felt well recently.
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UNIT 3: TRIP TO THE COUNTRYSIDE
A/> Modal Could / Would with Wish. ( Review Unit 1 )
B/> Adverb clauses of results.
1/ 	Main clause +, so + Result clause
Our suitcases were very heavy, so we took a taxi.
The teacher was ill, so the class was cancelled.
C/> Prepositions of time.
IN:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
in march, in 1999, in the winter, in the 20th century
in an hour, in a minute, in a week, in a moment
in the beginning, in the end, in a day
ON:
on August 8th, on Tuesday, on weekdays, on Christmas day
on Monday morning, on a fine sunny day
AT:
at 9 o’clock, at midnight, at noon, at dawn, at lunchtime
at Christmas, at Easter, at Ramadan, at the beginning
at the end, at least, at the moment, at present, at times 
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UNIT 4: LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
A/> Modal verbs with conditional sentences ( Type 1)
Form: If clause + Main clause
If - clause (Present tenses: simple present/ present continuous/ present perfect), + Main - clause ( will, can/ may, might/ must, have to/ should, ought to + infinitive).
Ex: 
If Tom studies harder, he will past the exam.
If father is sleeping, you can go out.
If you give me your willing help, I may get success.
If Mary has finished her work, she may go home.
If you want to get good marks, you must study harder.
If you want to become a doctor, you have to go to University of Medicine.
If you want to be healthy, you should/ ought to do morning exercises regularly.
B/> Reported speech.
1/ Statements.
Form: S + said that/ said to/ told + Object + that + S + V( changed) + O.
Direct	: He said, “ I’ll lend you my book, Alice”.
Reported	: He told Alice that he would lend her his book.
2/ Wh - questions:
Form: S + asked /wanted to know + O + wh- word + S + V( changed) + O.
Direct	: She said, “ Where are you going now, Tom?”
Reported	: She asked Tom where he was going then.
3/ Yes- No questions:
Form: S + asked /wanted to know + O + if / whether +S + V( changed) + O.
Direct	: She said, “ Do you go to school today, my son?”
Reported	: She asked her son if he went to school that day.
Direct	: She said, “Open the windows, please”.
Reported	: She told me to open the windows.
Direct	: He said, “ Don’t be late for school, Alice”.
Reported	: He advised Alice not to be late for school.
NOTES:
1/ Khi động từ tường thuật ở cỏc thỡ hiện tại (simple present/ present continuous/ present perfect ) hay tương lai thỡ ta khụng đổi thỡ của động từ cũng như cỏc từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
Ex	: She says “ I will go there with you today”.
Reported	: She says that she will go there with me today.
2/ Khi động từ tường thuật ở thỡ quỏ khứ ta tiến hành đổi thỡ của động từ cũng như cỏc từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn từ cõu trực tiếp sang cõu giỏn tiếp như sau.
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Simple present
Simple past
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Simple past
Past perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect 
Present perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous
Will/ can/ may
Would / could / might
Would / should / could
Would / should / could
Used to / ought to
Used to / ought to
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before/ the previous day
Tomorrow
The next day/ the following day
Now
Then, at once
Ago
Before
Last week
The previous week
Here
There
This
That
These
Those
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UNIT 5: THE MEDIA
A/> Tag questions.
1/ General rule: 
Affirmative statement, negative tag-question.?
 Negative statement, affirmative tag-question? 
Ex: Your brother likes watching foreign films, doesn’t he?
 Mary has never been late for class, has he?
2/ Some exceptions.
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
Open the windows, will you?
Somebody came here yesterday, didn’t they?
Everything will be all right, won’t it?
I am always on time for class, aren’t I?
B/> Gerund ( V+ ing ) after some verbs
1/ mind, enjoy, finish, like, dislike, love, hate, avoid, practice, feel, imagine, deny, admit, keep, suggest, risk.
Ex: Tom enjoys watching TV, he dislikes playing football.
2/ Phrasal verbs: give up, go on, keep on, insist on 
Ex: Mr. John gave up looking for a new job. He insisted on doing his old job again.
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UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
A/> Adjectives and adverbs.
I/>Adjectives: 
- Modifying Nouns and Pronouns
1/ Attributive adjectives.
Before nouns: Ex: Tom is a happy boy./ We are looking at a beautiful girl.
After pronouns: Ex: Something strange happened./ He found nothing valuable in the house.
After liking verbs: Ex: My father becomes old and weak.
2/ Predicative adjectives.
After nouns: Ex: I saw a baby asleep.
After liking verbs: Ex: The girl was alive and well.
II/ Adverbs: 
- Modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs
After verbs, after objects: Ex: He runs fast./ He always drives his car carefully.
Before adjectives: Ex: I’m terribly sorry./ You are absolutely right.
Before adverbs: Ex: He ran very fast./ He ran extremely fast.
Adverbs of manner: Adjective + ly = Adverbs of manner 	Ex: Careful – carefully; happy – happily; quick – quickly
Some adverbs have the same form with adjectives: fast, late, hard. 	Ex: Work hard and you will succeed.
* Note: well/ good đ well
B/>Adverb clauses of Reason.
Main clause + Adverb clause of Reason ( As/ Since/ Because + S + V )
Ex: John wants to go home as / since / because he feels sick.
C/> Adjectives + that + clause	
 Ashamed / Sorry / Afraid / Disappointed + that + clause
Ex: I’m afraid that I can’t join the trip to the zoo with you tomorrow. / Tom isn’t sure that he will win.
S + be + important / essential / necessary/ anxious + that + S + should + infinitive
	V ( base form) (present subjunctive)
Ex: it’s necessary that she (should) do her duty.
D/> Modal verbs with if
Main - clause (will/ can/ may/might/have to/ought to/should + infinitive) If - clause (present tense: simple present/ present perfect/ present continuous)
Ex: Tom will pass the final exam if he studies harder.
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UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY
A/> Connectives.
1/ Coordinating conjunctions.
and ( và ) 	:Tom is unsocial and he can be quite rude.
but ( nhưng ) 	:Tom is unsocial but he has a few friends.
or ( hoặc ) 	:Tom is unsocial or at least he seems that way.
so ( vỡ vậy ) 	:Tom is unsocial so many people don’t like him.
2/ Transition words.
Moreover, furthermore ( hơn nữa ) Ex: the dinner was delicious; moreover, it wasn’t expensive.
However ( tuy vậy ) Ex: The main course was wonderful; however, we didn’t like the desert.
Therefore ( do vậy ) Ex: Tom didn’t come; therefore, we went without him.
B/> Phrasal verbs.
1/ Type 1: Verb + adverb = ( no object )
Ex: 
get up ( thức dậy), break down ( hư, hỏng mỏy), break out (bựng nổ), take place (xảy ra). 
The car broke down and we had to walk.
2/ Type 2: Verb + adverb + object
Ex: 
put off (hoón lại),bring in(đưa ra, giới thiệu),call off (huỷ bỏ),carry on(tiếp tục), give up (từ bỏ).
The doctor told Jane to give up sweets to lose weight.
3/ Type 3: Verb + preposition + object
Ex: 
take after (giống ai), live out (bỏ sút), fill in (điền vào), look into (điều tra), look for (tỡm kiếm).
I’m looking for a suitable hotel. Can you suggest one?
4/ Type 4: Verb + adverb + preposition + object
Ex: 
put up with (chịu đựng), look up to (kớnh trọng), look down on (coi thường), run out of (cạn, hết), go down with (mắc bệnh).
Our holiday was fine until John went down with a bad cold.
C/>Making suggestions.
Suggest + V+ ing Ex: I suggested walking to the station.
S1 + suggest + that + S2 + should + infinitive Ex: I suggested that we should walk to the station.
Why don’t we + infinitive  ? Ex: why don’t we walk to the station?
Shall we/ Let’s + infinitive ? Ex: Shall we / Let’s walk to the station?
What about / How about + V+ ing ? Ex: What about / How about walking to the station?
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UNIT 8 CELEBRATIONS
A > Relative clauses.(Adjective clauses)
I/> Restrictive relative clauses. (Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn)
Relative pronouns: who, whom, which, that, whose
Ex1: The man is my uncle. He is standing near the window.
"The man who/that is standing near the window is my uncle.
 subject
 Antecedent Relative clause (adjective clause)
Ex2: The man is my uncle. You met him yesterday.
" The man (whom/that) you met yesterday is my uncle.
 Object 
" The man you met yesterday is my uncle.
Ex3: The bike is nice. It is blue and white.
" The bike which/ that is blue and white is nice.
	subject
 Relative clause
Ex4: The bike is nice. You are riding it.
"The bike (which/ that) you are riding is nice.
	 Object
"The bike you are riding is nice.
Ex5: The woman is beautiful. Her daughter won the first prize English speaking contest.
" The woman whose daughter won the first prize English speaking contest is beautiful.
	 	Relative clause
Ex6: The book is mine. The cover if the book is pink.
" The book of which the cover/ the cover of which is pink is mine. 
or: " The book whose cover is pink is mine.
II/> Non-restrictive clauses.(Mệnh đề quan hệ khụng giới hạn)
Relative pronouns: who, whom, which, whose.
Ex1: My teacher is going to Ha Noi next Sunday. You met her yesterday morning.
" My teacher, whom you met yesterday morning, is going to Ha Noi next Sunday.
	Non-restrictive clause
Ex2: Ba is a student in my class. He has just won the school scholarship.
" Ba, who has just won the school scholarship, is a student in my class.
Ex3: That hotel is near the beach. It’s the most expensive.
" That hotel, which is the most expensive, is near the beach.
Ex4: Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. his firms amused millions.
" Charlie Chaplin, whose firms amused millions, died in 1977.
Ex5: Nam has three brothers. All of them are married.
" Nam has three brothers, All of whom are married.
Ex6: Mai has lot of books. She hasn’t read most of them.
" Mai has lot of books, most of which she hasn’t read.
III/> Relative Adverbs: where, when.
Ex1: I’ll nerver forget the day. We first met on that day.
" I’ll nerver forget the day when we first met.
Ex2: He has just come back to the village. He was born there.
" He has just come back to the village where he was born.
IV/> Relative pronoun “THAT”.
 That can’t be used after a comma, after a preposition.
Ex: Those men, who pulled me from the burning car, saved my life.
" She is the woman that I wrote to.
" She is the woman to whom I wrote.
 That must be used
 a) After mixed antecedent.( tiờn hành tự hỗn hợp vừa chỉ người vừa chỉ vật)
Ex: The people and cattle that went to the market raised a cloud of dust.
 b) After adjectives in superlative degree or after the first, the second, the last.
Ex: Paris is the finest city that he has ever seen.
Ex: Miss Thu was the last woman that left the office.
 c) After all, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody, only.
Ex: Answer all the questions that I asked.
Ex: I bought the only English book that they had.
 d) After It is/ It was.
Ex: It is he that killed the lion.
B> Adverb clauses of concession.
1) Although / though / even though + clause
Ex: 	Although he was poor, he was a honest man.
	He was a honest man although he was poor.
2) 	In spite of 	+ Noun
	Despite 	 + Noun phrase
Ex: Although he was ill, he went to school as usual.
" In spite of his illness, he went to school usual.
" Despite his illness, he went to school usual.
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UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS
I/> Relative clauses. (see unit 8)
II/> Types of relative clauses.
1/ Restrictive relative clauses.(mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định)
	dựng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là mệnh đề quan trọng của cõu. Nếu bỏ đi, mệnh đề chớnh khụng cú ý nghĩa rừ ràng.
	Ex:
The man whom you met yesterday came again.
This is the book that I told you about.
We will never forget the days when we first came to HCM City.
This is the village where I was born.
2/ Non- restrictive relative clauses. (Mệnh đề quan hệ khụng hạn định)	
	là mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, đưa thờm thụng tin để giải thớch. mệnh đề này thường tỏch khỏi mệnh đề chớnh bằng dấu phẩy hay dấu gạch ngang, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chớnh vẫn cú ý nghĩa rừ ràng. Đại tự “That” khụng được dựng trong loại mệnh đề này.
	Ex: 
His father, who is company director, will come here tomorrow.
Miss White, whom we studied English with, is a nice teacher.
I often come to Nha Trang, where I grew up.
3/ Conective relative clauses.(mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp) 
	Dựng để giải thớch cả cõu. chỉ đại từ which được dựng và cú một dấu phẩy để tỏch hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luụn đứng đầu cõu.
	Ex: Tom failed the exam. That made his parents disappointed.
	đ Tom failed the exam, which made his parents disappointed.
Ex: It rained heavily, which prevented my going out.
4/ Chỳ ý: Cấu trỳc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ với:
all, most, none, either, neither, some, a few, few, both, each, one, several, none, many, half,  + of which (cho vật ) / whom (cho người )
Ex: 
I tried on several pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.
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UNIT 10: LIFE ON THE OTHER PLANETS
A/> Modal verbs: May and Might
1/ Form: S + may/might + infinitive
2/ Use: May/ Might expresses a possibility (khả năng cú thể xảy ra) in the future.
Ex1: Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It may rain. (perhaps it will rain)
Ex2: The bus doesn’t always come on time. We might have to wait a few minutes. (perhaps we will have to wait).
3/ Notes:
a/ Chỳng ta đều cú thể dựng May hay Might trong cỏc tỡnh huống tương tự như trong những vd trờn.
Ex: I may/ might go to England for holiday.
b/ đối với những tỡnh huống khụng cú thật ở hiện tại ta chỉ dựng Might.
Ex: If I knew the Browns better, I might invite them to the party.
B/> Conditional sentences.
1/ Type 1: Main clause – If clause.
Main clause ( Will/ Can / May + infinitive ) – If clause ( Present tense: Simple present/ present perfect/ present continuous)
Conditions: real, probable
Time: present or future
Ex: Tom will pass the final exam if he studies harder.
2/ Type 2: Main clause – If clause.
Main clause ( Would / Could / Might + infinitive ) – If clause ( Past subjunctive )
Conditions: unreal, impossible
Time: present 
Ex: If my mother were here now, she would help me.
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*Part 2: Exercises
I. Choose the best word to complete the sentence
1. I want everybody to listen .................(care / careful /careless / carefully )
1. Scientists are looking for an.way to reduce energy consumption.(effect/ effecting /effective/effectively
2.I suggest money for the poor in our village. (save/to save/saving/saved)
3. Solar energy doesn’t cause ..........( pollution / polluted /pollute /unpolluted )
4. Who looks .your children when you are away from home?(for /at /after /to)
5. He shouted and lookedat me when I broke the vase.(angry/angrily/angrier/ angried)
6. Everyone must take part in deforestation.(to prevent/prevent/preventing/prevented)
7. I’m very ...........that I will go to Dalat tomorrow.(excited/ excite /excitedly/ exciting)
8. He is tired .he stayed up late to watch TV.(so/but/and/because)
9. If Ba ..rich , he would travel around the world( is /was / will be/ were)
10. We are saving money ..........we want to buy a new house. (so /because /but/ and)
11. Your teacher writes poems and stories, ..she? (don’t/won’t/didn’t/doesn’t)
12. The car ..............she has just bought is very modern( which /that/ X / all are correct)
13. My father has to go to work . ...............it is raining hard.( although /but /because /and)
14. She doesn’t know the man............sent her this letter.( which /who /whom /whose)
15. If you press that button, the alarm.(will ring/ringing/ring/would ring)
16..air is one of the many problems we have to solve.(pure/polluted/dust/pleasant)
17. We haven't met since we ...................... school. ( left /leave / have left /had left)
18. Where ...........................you go if you have a car ?( would / have / will/ did )
19. Her family is aware of saving .................(energy/ energize /energetic / energetically)
20.I think we should use public transport instead .motorbikes( by /with / of	/ for)
21. He will be in America from Sun day...............Friday ( at / on / to /in )
22. You should reduce the ...............of water your family use (number / amount / much / many )
23. A ...........faucet can waste 500 liters of water a month ( drip / dripped / dripping )
24. Lan is hungry ...............she has not eaten all day (because / if / so / although )
25. Ba is pleased ............. his English is improving day by day ( so / though /that /but )
26. Gases from factories and vehicles mainly cause air ...( pollute/ pollution/ polluted/ unpolluted 
27. I suggest that you ............study harder to please your parents ( may / might / should / could )
28. Family members .........live a part try to be together at Tet ( who / whom / which / whose) 
29. That’s is very kind .........you ( in / at / for / of )
30. She likes the full-moon festival ............happens in mid-Fall ( who / whom / when / which )
31. I have no money ..........I can’t buy my mother a present ( though / because / so / however )
32. Nga, ........is standing over there is my best friend ( who / that / whom / whose )
33. Sunday is a day...............so everybody is free f