Tổng hợp ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 10

TẬP HỢP GRAMMAR – E 10 - Học kỳ1
TENSES AND PASSIVE VOICE
TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Hiện tại đơn
S +V / Vs(es) + O ----------->
People grow tea in Moc Chau. ----->
My mother cleans the house twice a day.
So+ am/is/ are +Ved /V3 +(BY+ Os)
Tea is grown in Moc Chau.
The house is cleaned twice a day.
Quỏ khứ đơn
S +Ved / V2 + O ---------->
They cleaned that window yesterday.-->
To Ngoc Van drew those pictures. ------->
So + was/were+Ved /V3 + (BY+ Os)
That window was cleaned yesterday.
Those pictures were drawm by To Ngoc Van.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
S + am/is/ are + Ving + O --------->
They are building a new school. -------->
I am opening a letter. --------------------->
So + am/is/ are + being +Ved / 3rd + (BY+ Os)
A new school is being built.
A letter is opening (by me).
Quỏ khứ tiếp diễn
S + was/were +Ving + O --------->
The secretary was opening the mail at 8p.m yesterday. --->
So +was/were+ being +Ved /3rd +(BY+ Os)
 The mail was being opened at 8p.m yesterday. 
Hiện tại hoàn thành
S + have/has +Ved / V3 + O ->
Someone has cleaned the window.
The students haven't done exercises.
So + have/has+been +Ved / V3 + (BY+ Os)
The window has been cleaned.
Exercises haven't been done (by the students). 
Tương lai đơn
S + will/ shall + V1 + O ->
They will build a new bridge next month.
So + will/shall + be+ Ved /V3+(BY+ Os)
A new bridge will be built next month.
Tương lai gần
S +am/is/ are +going to +V1 + O -> 
She is going to type the report.
The students are going to hold the meeting.
So+am/is/are+going to +be + Ved/V3 +(BY+ Os)
The report is going to be typed by her.
The meeting is going to be held by the students.
have
has
had + to
used
 have/has
S + had + to + V1 + O 
 used
I have to write a report. -->
He has to wash the car. --->
My brother had to do a lot of exercises. -->
 have/has
So + had + to +be + Ved/V3 + (BY+ Os)
 used
A report has to be written ( by me).
The car has to be washed (by him).
A lot of exercises had to do by my brother.
Động từ khiếm khuyết
 can/ could
S + may + V1 + O 
 must
 should
You can't wash this desk. -->
We should clean our classroom every day.
You must leave your raincoat outside the room.
They may use this room for the classroom.
 can/ could
So + may + be+ Ved /V3 +
 must (BY+ Os) 
 should
This desk can,t be washed.
Our classroom should be cleaned every day.
Your raincoat must be left outside the room.
This room may be used for the classroom
I/ Put verbs in the correct tense forms.
1. Up to now, the teacher ( give ). . . . . . . . .. . . . our class 5 tests.
2. Long ago, my younger brother often ( cry ). . . . . . . . .. . . . 
3. David ( be ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . born after his father ( die ). . . . . . . . .. . . . 
4. When I ( be ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . a child, I ( want ). . . . . . . . .. . . . to be a doctor
5. Please be quiet! I ( work ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . 
6. Mary ( come ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . from London
7. Sometimes I ( get ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . up before the sun ( rise )..
8. I’m preparing to support anything he ( say ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . tomorrow
9. At 4 p.m yesterday? Well, I ( work ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . in my office at that time
10. The audience ( listen ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . to everything he said last night
1/ has given	2/ cried	3/ was – had died	4/ was – wanted	5/ am working	6/ comes
7/ get – rises	8/ will say	9/ was working	10/ listened
11. She ( ask ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . me to tell about him several times
12. Mr Jackson ( paint ) . . . . . . .. . his house since last month
13. When I came in, they all ( sit ) . . . . round the fire. Mr Pike ( do ) . .. crossword puzzle.
14. Yesterday thieves ( break ) . . . . . .. into the house and ( steal ) . . . . . a lot of fur coats while the guests ( dance ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . 
15. He ( do ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . his homework before he went to the cinema
16. How long you ( wait ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . for me? – Just a few minutes.
17. What you ( do ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . after you ( go ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . home yesterday?
18. He often ( say ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . OK when he ( talk ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . with the guests
19. Tom ( not come ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . here tomorrow
20. Trees ( plant ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . since it ( stop ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . raining
11/ has asked	12/ has painted	13/ were sitting – was doing	14/ broke – stole – were dancing
15/ had done 	16/ have you waited	17/ did you do – had gone	18/ says – is talking
19/ won’t come	20/ have been planted - stopped
21. Listen! The bird ( sing ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . 
22. The house ( build ) . . . . . . . . .. . . .2 years ago
23. Someone ( cut ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . down all the trees in the garden
24. Mr Pike ( live ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . here since last October
25. John ( watch ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . TV at 8 last evening
26. Some animals ( not eat ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . during winter
27. Why didn’t you listen while I ( speak ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . to you?
28. Be quiet! The teacher ( be ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . angry
29. Hurry up! The train ( come ). . . . . . . . .. . . . 
30. I ( speak ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . to you about that matter after the meeting tonight
21/ is singing	22/ was built	23/ cut	24/ has lived	25/ was watching
26/ don’t eat	27/ was speaking	28/ is 	29/ is coming	30/ will speak
31. Where are you ? – I’m upstairs. I ( have ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . a bath
32. We ( not receive ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . any letters from him since he ( leave ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . four months ago
33. How long you ( study ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . in this school?
34. Dick ( start ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . school before he ( be ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . seven
35. He’ll leave as soon as he ( hear ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . the news 
36. It ( rain ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . when we arrived
37. We ( not see ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . them for a long time 
38. He felt asleep while he ( do ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . his homework
39. When your father ( die ). . . . . . . . .. . . . ? I ( not know ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . when he ( die ) 
40. Up to then I never ( see ) . . . . . . . . .. . . . such a fat man.
31/ am having	32/ haven’t received – left	33/ have you studied	34/ had started – was
35/ hears	36/ was raining	37/ haven’t seen	38/ was doing
39/ did your father die – don’t know - died 	40/ have seen
TURN INTO PASSIVE VOICE:
The thieves have stolen the most valuable painting in the museum.
 Some people will interview the new president on T.V 
I am going to repair those shoes ?
 He has broken the nose in the football match.
 Have you finished the above sentences ?
 He lends his friend his new shoes.
 She left her relatives five million pounds.
 The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer
 The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
 Have you sent the Christmas cards yet ?
 The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
 He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
 They keep this room tidy all the time.
 They all voted the party a great success.
 We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
 They moved the fridge into the living room 
 She brought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room .
 My mother waters this flower every morning.
 John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
 Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
 We should clean our teeth twice a day.
 Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
 Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city .
 Tom will visit his parents next month.
 The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
 Did Mary buy this beautiful dress ?
 My sister cleans the room everyday.
 The local sports center hold several volleyball tournaments in this season.
 Someone attacked the boy the boy in the street last night.
 The workers have finished the project people grow rice in Viet Nam.
DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Lối núi trực tiếp và giỏn tiếp (direct/ indirect speech)
Trong cõu trực tiếp thụng tin đi thẳng từ người thứ nhất sang người thứ hai (người thứ nhất núi trực tiếp với người thứ hai). Trong lời núi trực tiếp chỳng ta ghi lại chớnh xỏc những từ, ngữ mà người núi dựng. Lới núi trực tiếp phải được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kộp.
He said “I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday”.
“I love you”, she said.
Trong cõu giỏn tiếp, thụng tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến người thứ ba. Khi đú cõu cú biến đổi về mặt ngữ phỏp. 
He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before.
2. Quy tắc chuyển từ trực tiếp sang giỏn tiếp
2.1. Quy tắc chuyển từ lối núi trực tiếp sang giỏn tiếp: lựi một thời
Simple present –> simple past Present progressive –> past progressive
Present perfect –> past perfect Simple past –> past perfect 
Past progressive –> past perfect progressive Simple future –> would + V
Can/may/must –> could /might/had to 
2.2. Cỏc chuyển đổi khỏc: 
– Đại từ nhõn xưng:
I –> he/she We –> they You –> I/ we
(tõn ngữ và tớnh từ sở hữu chuyển theo nhõn xưng chủ ngữ)
– Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:
Here –> there
This –> that
These –> those
– Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: 
Today –> that day
Tomorrow –> the next day/ the following day
Yesterday –> the day before/ the previous day
Last week –> the week before/ the previous week
The day after tomorrow –> in 2 days’ time
The day before yesterday –> two days before.
Now –> then
Ago –> before 
2.3. Cỏc trường hợp khụng đổi thời 
– Sự thật, sự việc luụn luụn đỳng:
“The earth moves round the sun” he said.
–> He said that the earth moves round the sun.
I/ Turn into reported speech: Statements:
“ I have nothing to show you,” I said to her.
“ Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun,” She said
Jack Lumber said, “ Olga Ivanov won the gold medal yesterday.”
Johnny’s mother said, “ The English Government put him in prison the day before yesterday.”
Father said, “ I am coming back next week.”
Jennifer said,” We are having champagne tonight.”
‘’ I’m going away tomorrow , mother,” he said.
“ I’ve been in London for a month but sofar I haven’t had time to visit the Tower,” said Rupert.
“ It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday,” I remarked.
 “ The new underpass is being officially opened the day after tomorrow,” said the BBC announcer.
“ We must move to our new flat. We don’t like it nearly so much as our last one.” Said my aunt
 “ We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work,” they said.
“ From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower,” he said.
“ I have no idea what the time is but I’ll dial 8081 and find out,” said his daughter.
He said, “ My wife has just been made a judge.”
“ I’ll come with you as soon as I’m ready,” she replied
“ I have a German lesson this afternoon and haven’t done my homework yet,” said the small boy.
“ If you let the iron too hot you will scorch your clothes,” I warned her.
“ You haven’t given me quite enough. The bill is for $ 14 and you’ve paid me only $ 13,” he pointed out.
Anna said “ Englishmen make good husband because they are nearly always willing to help in the house.”
II/ Turn into reported speech: Wh-Questions
“ What happened to Mr Budd?” said one of the men.
“ Which of his son inherited his estate?’’ asked another.
“ Who is going to live in the big house?” enquired a third.
“ What will happen to his racehorses?” asked someone else.
“Which team has won?” asked Ann.
“ Which team won the previous match?” said Bill.
“ Who is playing next week?” he asked.
 “ Where is the ticket office?” asked Mr Jones.
“ What platform does the train leave from? “ asked Bill.
“ When does it arrive in NewYork?” he asked.
IV/ Turn into reported speech: Commands , requests, advice
He said to the boy,” Get out of my way.”
“ Climb in through the window,” he ordered.
“ Please pay at the desk,” said the assistant.
The store detective said to Mary,” Open your bag, please.”
“ Don’t worry about anything, MrsPitt,” said her.
“ Don’t use bent coin in the slot machine,” I warned him.
 “ Wash it in the lukewarm water,” the assistant recommended me.
“Don’t eat too much starch,” I adviced her,” and avoid fried food.”
“ Don’t say anything to make her angry,” said my father.
 “ Take me up to the 33rd floor,” he said to the lift man.
IV/ Turn into reported speech: Commands , requests, advice,invitation.
“ Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?” he said to me.
“ Would you like a cigarette?” One of the guests said to me.
“ If I were you I’d try to get a room on the top floor” He said to his friend.
“ Will you help, please?’’ The mother said to her son.
“ Take the letter to the post, will you.? And shut the door as you go out,” said the boss to his secretary.
1/ He invited me to have lunch with him on Sunday.
2/ One of the guests invited me a cigarette.
3/ He advised his friend to try to get a room on the top floor.
4/ The mother asked her son to help her.
5/ The boss told his secretary to take the letter to the post and to shut the door as she went out.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
When : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian : 
 Ex. I’ll never forget the day when I met her. (note: Sau when / where phải cú S + V )
Where : Đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn : Dalat is the place where I like to come.
WHICH: Thay thế cho N chỉ vật
Eg: I have got a computer programme which does the job for me.
 We don't like the stories which have unhappy endings.
 I liked the dress which she was wearing.
WHO : Thay thế cho N chỉ người
Eg: I don't know all the guests who were in the party.
WHOM : Thay cho N chỉ người, sau là một chủ ngữ
Eg: The doctor whom she visited is famous.
THAT : - 
Eg: These are the books that I use in class.
 She is the swimmer that has won the gold medal.
 - That được dựng sau danh từ cú tớnh từ so sỏnh nhất (the best, the most, everybody, anybody, nobody, somebody, everything, something )
Ex. He’s the best teacher that I have ever known.
 I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
 - Dùng trong cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh.
 It is / was + S + that + V
Eg: It is Mrs Lan that makes decisions in the family, not her husband.
NOTE: + Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề liên hệ không giới hạn.
 + Không dùng THAT sau giới từ.
WHOSE: Thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu và sở hữu cách của người. 
Eg: We saw some people whose car was stolen.
WHERE = IN WHICH/ AT WHICH: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn
Eg: The house where he lives is very old.
* Vị trớ của which, who, whom, whose,where trong mệnh đề tớnh từ:
Chỳng ta cú thể nhận biết cỏc từ which, who, whom, whose,where khi chỳng cú thể điền vào chỗ trống trong mệnh đề tớnh từ. Ta chỉ cần để ý đến từ trước và sau chỗ trống nếu: 
- Trước chỗ trống là danh từ chỉ vật thỡ từ cần điền cú thể là which hoặc where. 
 (note: Sau where phải cú S + V )
 Để xỏc định được vị trớ của từ cần điền là which hoặc where ta cần phải đọc và hiểu được ý của cả cõu. Nếu danh từ chỉ vật đứng trước chỗ trống diễn tả nơi chốn thỡ chọn where.
- Trước chỗ trống là danh từ chỉ người thỡ từ cần điền cú thể là who, whom hoặc whose
 Để xỏc định được vị trớ của từ cần điền là who, whom hoặc whose ta chỉ cần lưu ý từ đứng sau chỗ trống. Nếu: 
 + Từ đứng sau chỗ trống là động từ đó chia thỡ chọn who. (€ who + V + O )
 + Từ đứng sau chỗ trống là đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ ta chọn whom.(€whom+S+V+O..)
 + Từ đứng sau chỗ trống là danh từ thuộc quyền sở hữu của từ đứng trước chỗ trống ta chọn whose. (€ whose + N + )
- Ta khụng thể chọn THAT nếu trước chỗ trống cú dấu phẩy (,) hoặc giới từ 
EXERCISES
1. A woman answered the phone . She told me you was busy . 
2. The bus is always crowded . I take it to school every morning . 
3. They are singing a song. I don’t know the song .
4. A man spoke to me . He was very helpful . 
 5. A midwife is a woman. She assists other women in childbirth .
 6. They are the children . Their team won the match .
 7. The house is for sale . It has the green shutters .
8. My farther bought a motor bike . The motorbike costs 2 thousand dollars
9. They are the postcards . I sent them from Australia .
10. The house has been built in the forest . It doesn’t have electricity
11. The girl chatted with him yesterday . She arrived here at 6 : 30 
1/ A woman who answered the phone told me you was busy.
2/ The bus which I take to school every morning is always crowded.
3/ They are singing the song which I don’t know.
4/ A man who spoke to me was very helpful.
5/ A midwife is a woman who assists other women in childbirth.
6. 6/ They are the children whose team won the match .
 7. The house which has the green shutters is for sale.
8. My farther bought a motor bike which costs 2 thousand dollars
9. They are the postcards which I sent from Australia .
10. The house which has been built in the forest doesn’t have electricity
11. The girl who chatted with him yesterday arrived here at 6 : 30 
Fill relative clauses in the blank
1. Let me see all the letters _______ you have written.
2. Is there any one ________ can help me do this?
3. Mr. Brown, _________ is only 34, is the director of this company.
4. I know a place __________ roses grow in abundance.
5. It was the nurse ________ told me to come in.
6. The teacher with ________, we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
7. They showed me the hospital ________ buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
8. We saw many soldiers and tanks ______ were moving to the front.
9. Dr. Fleming, _______ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945.
10. He joined the political party _______ was in power.
11. Love, ________ is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life.
12. Freedom is something for _______ millions have given their lives.
13. It is easy to find faults in people ________ we dislike.
14. The really happy people are those _______ enjoy their daily work.
15. We must find a time _______ we can meet and a place _______ we can talk.
1/ which	2/ that	3/ who	4/ where	5/ who	6/ whom	7/ whose	8/ that
9/ who	10/ which	11/ which	12/ which	13/ whom	14/ who	15/ when - where
E- ĐỘNG TỪ + TO + V-INF ; ĐỘNG TỪ + V-ING
I/Give the correct form of verbs in brackets.
The teacher permits us ( go ) out in a minute.
You should avoid ( meet)..him.
Do you remember ( leave )your hat anywhere?
Tell him ( come)to see me at once.
He’s tired. He stops ( work)for a while.
He allows ( ask)him questions.
He advises us ( be)..more studious.
I remember ( write )to you soon.
We can’t help ( consider)..his opinion.
We’ll continue ( discuss)it.
I hope ( not do)..that tiring work again.
They postponed ( build).an elementary school for lack of finance.
It’s no use ( advise)..him. He never allows anybody (give)advice.
Are his ideas worth ( listen).to ?
He always avoids ( meet)..me in the streets,
My parents decided ( take)..a taxi because it was late,
Do you agree ( lend)me some money?
Tom refused ( give).me his adress.
The passenger asked her how ( get )to the station.
My friends arranged ( get)..to the airport in time.
1/ to go	2/ meeting	3/ leaving	4/ to come	5/ working	6/ asking	7/ to be	
8/ to write	9/ considering	10/ to discuss	11/ not to do	12/ building
13/ advising	14/ listening	15/ meeting	16/ to take	17/ to lend	
18/ to give	19/ to get	20/ to get
THE FIRST TERM EXAMINATION
ENGLISH 10
Time: 60 minutes
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Pronunciation
A. box	B. told	C. boss	D. job
A. determination	B. required	C. enclose	D. demonstration
Stress
A. important	B. amazing	C. passenger	D. expensive
A. allow	B. harrow	C. tidy	D. fasten
A. entertainment	B. awareness	C. individual	D. contribution
Grammar – Vocabulary - Structure
Our lifestyle ------------- since running wa