Tổng hợp lý thuyết và bài tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 6

SUMMARY ON TENSES
TENSES
FORMATION
USE
MARKER
SIMPLE PRESENT
S+Vo / Vs/es
- Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 chân lý.
- Diễn tả thói quen, hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại.
Often, usually, frequently, always , constantly, seldom, rarely, sometimes, occasionally, everyday/week/month
PRESENT PROGRESS
- IVE
S+ am/is/are + V-ing
- Diễn tả HĐ đang diễn ra và kéo dài 1 thời gian ở hiện tại.
- Xuất hiện sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh.
- Diễn tả HĐ sắp xảy ra ở tương lai gần
- Diễn tả sự phàn nàn
Now, right now, at the moment, at present.
Look! 
Be quiet!
SIMPLE PAST
 S+V2ed
- Diễn tả HĐ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, 
chấm dứt rồi và biết rõ thời gian
- Diễn tả thói quen ở quá khứ
Last, ago, yesterday , in + year(in the past)
When, as (hđ ngắn)
PAST PROGRESS
- IVE
S + was/ were + V-ing
- Diễn tả HĐ đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm quá khứ/ suốt khoảng thời gian ở quá khứ
- Diễn tả HĐ đang xảy ra ở quá khứ thì có 1 HĐ khác xen vào cũng ở quá khứ
- Diễn tả 2 HĐ cùng xảy ra song song ở quá khứ
At this time, time + yesterday, last.when, while
SIMPLE FUTURE
S + shall/ will + V0
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy ra ở tuơng lai
- 1 suy nghĩ , giả thuyết về tương lai
Tomorrow, tonight, soon, again, next +.., in + year (in the future)
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
S + shall/will + be + V-ing
- Diễn tả HĐ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm tương lai/ suốt quảng thời gian ở tương lai
- HĐ đang diển ra ở tương lai lúc việc khác xảy đến
At this time + tomorrow
PAST PERFECT
S+ had+ V3ed 
- Diễn tả HĐ quá khứ xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ hoặc trước 1 HĐ quá khứ khác.
Before , after, when, as, as soon as,
Up to then
PRESENT PERFECT
S+ have/has + V3ed 
- Diễn tả HĐ vừa mới xảy ra, HĐ được lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ.
- Diễn tả HĐ bắt đầu từ quá khứ mà còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai.
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không biết rõ thời gian.
Just,ever,
never,
already,
yet,since,for,
sofar=until now =
=uptonow = up to the present
Before it’s the first time
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
S+ have/has + been + V ing 
- Diễn tả HĐ bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại 
(người nói chú ý đến sự việc xảy ra hay thời gian xảy ra)
Since , for
All day
NEAR FUTURE
S + be going to + V0
- 
SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
The adverbial clauses of time bắt đầu bằng các liên từ như: when, whenever, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, til, by the time, since, just as, no sooner. than, hardly.
The adverbial clauses of time có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
Không dùng thì tương lai ở mệnh đề thời gian.
I. Sequence with the Simple present in the Main Clause:
Main Clauses
Adverb Clause
Simple present
Simple present (thói quen, thường lệ)
Present Continuus (tính liên tục diễn ra)
Present perfect (hành động đã hoàn tất)
Present Perfect
Simple Past (1 thời điểm ở quá khứ, kết thúc ở quá khứ)
Present Perfect (bắt đầu ở quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại)
Ex: We always take our umbrella with us when it rains
 I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus
 He never goes home before he has finishef his work
 She has played the piano since she was a child
II. Sequence with the Future tenses in the Main Clause:
Main Clauses
Adverb Clause
Simple Future
(be going to)
Present perfect : nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của hành động 
Simple present: mang nghĩa tương lai 
Future perfect
Simple present hành động hoàn tất trước hành động ở tương lai.
 Ex: We will go as soon as you have finished your work
 We will go when you finish your work
 We’ll have already finished the work when you get back
III. Sequence with the Past tenses in the Main Clause
Main Clause
Adverb Clause
Simple Past
Simple Past (việc thường lệ ở quá khứ, liên tiếp nhau)
Past Continuous (diển ra liên tục ở quá khứ - HĐ khác xảy ra)
Past Continuous
Past Continuous (2 HĐ song song)
Simple Past
Past Perfect (HĐ xảy ra trước HĐ khác ở quá khứ)
Ex: I sat near the window whenever I took a bus
 I met him while I was walking down the street
 I was watching TV while my father was reading books
SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN NOUN CLAUSES 
1. 
MAIN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE
Simple Present (lập đi lặp lại, thói quen ở hiện tại)
Present Perfect (việc đã xảy ra không rõ thời gian)
Simple Future (việc sẽ/ có thể xảy ra ở tương lai)
Ex: He says that he always comes to class in time
 He feels that he has made a mistake
 We think that it will rain tonight
2.
MAIN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE
Simple Past (lập đi lặp lại, thói quen ở quá khứ)
Past Perfect (việc đã xảy trước quá khứ)
Future in the Past (việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai c ủa quá khứ)
Ex: She said that she was a student
 He said that he had just graduated from the university
 They told me they would go to the football match this weekend
3.
MAIN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE
Present Perfect
Simple Present
Ex: He has done all that is necessary
4.
MAIN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE
Past Perfect
Simple Past
Ex: He had done all that was necessary
TENSES & TENSE TRANSFORMATION
1. 
S + began/ started + V-ing/ To V .. in+time/ time+ago 
à S + have/has + Ved/3.. since/ for + time
 have/ has + been + V-ing. 	
 Ex: I started learning English five years ago
 à I have been studying English for five years
2. 
 S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3 for + time
à It’s + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/2
 Ex: I haven’t seen him for two months
 à It’s two months since I last saw him
3.
 S + have/ has + not + Ved/3for/ since + time
à a. The last time + S + Ved/2was + time + ago
 in + time
 b. S + last + Ved/2  time + ago 
 in + time
 Ex: I haven’t seen him for two moths
 à The last time I saw him was two months ago
 à I last saw him two months ago
4.
 S + have/ has + not + Ved/3before
à It/this/that is the first time + S + have/ has + Ved/3
 Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before
 àIt is the first time I have seen that man here 
 5.
 How long is it since + S + Ved/2..?
 have/ has + S + Ved/3..?
à When did + S + V0.?
 Ex: How long is it since you sold this car?
 à When did you sell this car?
 6.
 S + have/ has + never + Ved/3 + such (a/ an) + Adj + N
à It/this/that is the + Adj (superlative) + S + have/ has + ever + Ved/3
 Ex: I’ve never met such an intelligent boy
 à This is the most intelligent boy I’ve ever met
7.
 Before + S + Ved/2.S + had + Ved/3
 After + S + had + Ved/3.S + Ved/2
 Ex: He played football but first he did all his homework
 à Before he played football, he had done his homework
 à After he had done his homework, he played football
8. 
 S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3 .+ since + S + Ved/2
à S + (last) Ved/2 + when + S + Ved/2
 Ex: John hasn’t seen her since she left for Japan
 à John last saw her when she left for Japan
9.
 S + had + hardly + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2
 = Hardly + had + S + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2
à S + had + no sooner + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2
 = No sooner + had + S + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2
 Ex: He had hardly seen me when he ran away
 à He had no sooner seen me than he ran away
I. Give the correct form of the word in parentheses:
I (see)_________________ this film twice.
–Peter, please help me do the washing up. – Sorry, Mum. I (watch) _________________ TV.
The farmers (work) ___________________ in the field now.
The war (break) ___________________ out three years ago.
He (drink)________________ a cup of coffee every morning.
She (just buy)________________________ a lot of new books.
Up to the present, Nam (do)_________________ good work in his class.
At present, that author (write) ___________________ a historical novel.
By next month, I (finish )____________________ my first novel.
 Phong (work) _________________ at the university so far.
11. I’ll give him this parcel when he ( come) _______ back here next week. 
12. I (wait) for her until she (finish) _________ the examination.
13. When the police came here the thieves (run ) _________away five minutes before.
14. Diane can’t come to the phone because she (wash) ___________.
15. My sister and brother ( argue) ____________ about something when I (walk) into the room.
16. What you (learn) ___________ since you ( come) here?
17. Until yesterday, I never ( hear) about it.
18. Sam already ( leave) _________ when we (get)_____________ there.
19. I (feel) a little better after I (take) _________ the medicine.
20. Peter is going to leave in half an hour. He ( finish)___________ all his work before he (leave) ________.
II. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 
1/ I will see him when he.here tomorrow
a. comes 	 b. will come 	c. has come 	d. had come
2/ the boy broke a window when theyfootball
a. played 	b. were playing 	 c. had played 	 	d. are playing
3/ I .about him when suddenly he came in
a. talk 	 b. talked 	 c. am talking 	 d. was talking
4/ Please don’t touch anything before.
a. the police will come 	 b. the police comes
c. the police come d. the police would come
5/ the teacher gave me a passing grade
a. after taking the test b. after I take the test
c. after I took the test d. after I taken the test
6/ I ..her since Ia student
a. know /am 	 b. knew/ was c have known /am d. have known/ was
7/ As he.dinner, I..
a. had/had come 	 b. had/ come c had / was coming d. was having/ came
8/ When I to him, I ..him your news
a. talk/ give 	b. will talk/ give 	c. talk/ will give d. will talk/ will give
9/ The light out while we were having tea 
a. was going b. went 	c. had gone d. has gone
10. I ___________ breakfast before I ___________to school.
A. had / had gone 	B. had had/ had gone C. had / went 	D. had had / went
11. Television__________ very popular since the 1950s.
A. is 	B. was 	C. has been 	D. had been
12. Everyone was asleep when the enemy_____________.
A. was attacking 	B. attacked 	C. had attacked 	D. attacking
13. We were disappointed that most of the guests_________ when we arrived at the party.
A. leave 	B. left 	C. have left 	D. had left
14. Up to now, I _______ a lot information about her.
A. will learn 	B. would learn 	C. have learnt	D. learnt
15. When I came to visit her last night, she _________ a bath.
A. has	B. have	C. was having	D. is having
16. Wait here until ______ I you.
A. am calling	B. am going to call	C. call 	D. will call 
17. My parents first _____ each other at the Olympic Games in 1982.
A. have met	B. met	C. meet	D. had met
18. As soon as Martina saw a fire, she __________ the fire department.
A. was telephoning	B. telephoned	C. had telephoned	D. has telephoned
19. My daughter often says that she won’t get married until she_______25 years old.
A. is 	B. will be 	C. will have been 	 D. has been
20. It is the largest ship I __________.
A. had seen 	 B. saw C. have ever seen 	D. see
III. Find ONE mistake in each sentence.
1. I have gone as soon as you come back.
 A B C D
2. Have you hear a noise just then?
 A B C D
3. Thank goodness! I finish my homework now.
 A B C D
4. I haven’t had any news of John for 2003.
 A B C D
5. My parents first meet each other at the Olympic Games in 1982.
 A B C D
6. For the past two years I did a lot of things.
 A B C D
7. When I came to visit her last night, she is having a bath.
 A B C D
8. Mary was making a dress when she cuts her finger.
 A B C D
9. “What are you doing under the desk?” “I was to find my pen.”
 A B C D
10. Don’t get off the bus until it stopped.
 A B C D
11. The mother will wait outside the school until her son will finish his exam
 a b c d
12. Mary never went to bed before she has finished her homework
 a b c d
13. John said he will invite some of his friends for dinner so Mary had to buy some more food and drink.
 a b c d
14. We have finished our work before tomorrow evening when we have a party
 a b c d
15. Mr.Pike likes traveling. By the time he will be 60, he will have visited 15 countries and capitals.
 a b c d
16. I will tell John about it when I will see him this afternoon
 a b c d
17. I was listening to the radio when the doorbell will ring.
 a b c d
18. The last time I have seen him was in 1999.
 a b	 c d
19. By the time the police come, the robber had run away.
 a b c d
20. Human had struggled against weeds since the beginning of agriculture.
 a b c d
IV. Rewrite these sentences as directed:
1. Mary began playing the piano 4 years ago
à Mary has _______________________________________________
2. My father hasn’t been to Hanoi for 5 years
à It’s _______________________________________________
3. My father is reading a newspaper. He started 2 hours ago
à My father has ______________________________________________
4. It’s four years since I wrote her
à I _________________________________________________________
5. The last time I went to see them was over a year ago
à It __________________________________________
6. It is two weeks since it last rained
à It has __________________________________________
7. Jane started keeping a diary five years ago
à Jane has _________________________________________
8. I last went swimming in 2001
à I have ______________________________________________
9. I started to study English when I was 10 years old
à I’ve _______________________________________________
10. We haven’t seen Tom since he moved to London
à We last ____________________________________________
11. My father hasn’t driven a car before
à It’s ____________________________________________________
12. She has never been to the ballet dancing before
à This is ___________________________________________________
13. I went over my lesson and then went to school
à Before ____________________________________________________
14. Before he watched TV, he had done all his exercises
à After _____________________________________________________
15. My teacher is the most generous person I’ve ever met
à I’ve never _________________________________________________
16. This is the first time I have ever met such a famous person
à I’ve _____________________________________________________
17. How long is it since they bought the house?
à When __________________________________________________
18. I have never read such an interesting novel
à This is __________________________________________________
19. After he had worked hard many years, he retired
à Before ___________________________________________________
20. When did you collect stamps?
à How long ________________________________________________
IV. Choose the correct answer:
1. She bought this book two weeks ago
 a. She has had this book for two weeks	 b. She has had this book since two weeks
 c. She had this book for two weeks 	 d. She has this book for two weeks
2. We last went to the cinema two months ago.
 a. We haven’t gone to the cinema for two months. b. We didn’t go to the cinema for two months.
 c. We didn’t want to go to the cinema any more. d. We stopped going to the cinema.
3. John began playing the organ five years ago.
 a. John has been playing the organ five years ago. b. John has played the organ since five years .
 c. John has been playing the organ for five years. d. John used to play the organ five years ago.
4. It’s over ten years since we got married.
 a. We got married for over ten years	 b. We have been married for over ten years
 c. We were married for over ten years	 d. We have been married since over ten years
5. She began to play the piano three years ago.	
 a. She has played the piano since three years.	 b. She has played the piano for three years
 c. She doesn’t play the piano now.	 d. She stops playing the piano now.
6. It’s two years since he last went home.
 a. He hasn’t gone home for two years.	 b.The last time he went home was two years ago.
 c. He didn’t go home two years ago.	 d. Both a& b are correct.
7. We started to write each other three years ago.
 a. We used to write to each other for two years. b. We used to write to each other in two years.
 c. We have written to each other for two years. d. We have written to each other since two years.
8. The last time I saw Jim was in 2004
 a. I have seen Jim since 2004	 b. I haven’t seen Jim since 2004
 c. I have seen Jim for 2004	 d. Jim has been seen since 2004
9. They have lived here for 6 years now
 a. They moved here for 6 years	 b. They moved here 6 years ago
 c. They are living here for 6 years now	 d. They were living here since 6 years ago
10. My sister hasn’t rung for hours
 a. It’s was hours since my sister last rang	 b. My sister hasn’t rung for hours
 c. It’s hours since my sister last rung	 d. It’s for hours since my sister last rung
11. The last time she had a swim was 5 years ago.
 a. She hasn’t had a swim for 5 years	 b. She last had a swim for 5 years
 c. She didn’t have a swim 5 years ago	 d. a & b are correct
12. Ken began working for that company 2 years ago
 a. Ken has been working for that company for two years
 b. Ken has been working for that company since two years
 c. Ken worked for that company for two years
 d. Ken was working for that company for two years
13. I have never seen such an interesting film before.
 a. This is the fisrt time I have seen such an interesting film.	 b. This film is the best I have ever seen.
 c. This is the first time I saw such an interesting film.	 d. This is the best film that I saw.
14. She hasn’t drunk coca-cola before
 a. It’s time for her to drink coca-cola	 b. It’s the first time she has drunk coca-cola
 c. It’s the first time since she drank coca-cola	 d. It is time she drank coca-cola
15. He had done morning exercises before he had breakfast
 a. He would do morning exercises before he had breakfast
 b. After he had done morning exercises, he had breakfast
 c. After he did morning exercises, he had breakfast
 d. After he had done morning exercises, he was having breakfast
16. I have never read such a good book before.
 a. This is the first time I read a good book .	 b. This is the first time I have read a good book.
 c. This book is the best I have never read.	 d. This book is the best I read .	
17. We had lunch and then went for a walk
 a. Before we had lunch, we would go for a walk	 b. After we had lunch, we went for a walk
 c. After we had had lunch, we went for a walk	 d. We went for a walk when we had lunch
18. How long have you learnt English?
 a. When did you learnt English?	 b. When did you learn English?
 c. How long is it since you learnt English?	 d. b & c are correct
19. I’ve never met such an intelligent woman
 a. This is the first time I haven’t met such an intelligent woman
 b. It is the first time I’ve ever met such an intelligent woman
 c. It is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met
 d. b & c are correct
20. I have never read such an interesting novel before.
 a. This is the first time I have read such an interesting novel 	 b. This novel is the best I have ever read
 c. This is the first time I read such an interesting novel	 d. This is the best novel that I read	
21. It’s the coldest winter they’ve ever had
 a. They’ve ever had such a cold winter	 b. They’ve ever had such cold winter
 c. They’ve never had such cold winter	 d. This is the first time they had such cold winter
22. They travelled across India, and then flew on to Japan
 a. After they had travelled across India, they flew on to Japan
 b. Before they had flown on to Japan, they travelled across India
 c. Before they flew on to Japan, they had travelled across India.
 d. a & c are correct