Tóm tắt các loại từ trong tiếng Anh (Chức năng, vị trí & nhận biết từng loại)

TÓM TẮT CÁC LOẠI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
 (CHỨC NĂNG , VỊ TRÍ & NHẬN BIẾT TỪNG LOẠI)
A.- CHỨC NĂNG & VỊ TRÍ TRONG CÂU
I.- Danh từ (nouns - thường kí hiệu là “N”): 
@Danh từ thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu, sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
 Ex: - Maths is the subject I like best.
 ( N)
 - Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.
 (N)
Sau Đại từ sở hữu/tính từ(Adj): my, your, our, their, his, her, its, 
 good, beautiful....
 Ex: - She is a good teacher.
 Adj N
 - His father works in hospital.
 Adj N
 3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ
 Ex: - I like English. 
 - We are students.
 4. Sau “enough”
 Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
 5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)
 Ex: This book is an interesting book.
 6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at......
 Ex: Thanh is good at literature.
II. Tính từ (adjectives = Adj): 
Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
 1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N
 Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.
 2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj 
Ex: - She is beautiful
 - Tom seems tired now.
 @Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj 
Ex: He makes me happy
 O adj
3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj...
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough...
Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.
5. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that
Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home
6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh
(@ lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as....as)
Ex: - Meat is more expensive than fish.
 - Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.
7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V
 What + (a/an) + adj + N
III. Trạng từ (adverbs = adv): 
Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
Trạng từ thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu, hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy “,”
Ex: - Last summer, I came back my home country
 - My parents had gone to bed when I got home.
 - It’s raining hard. Tom however, goes to school.
Trước động từ thường
(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: often, always, usually, seldom....)
 Ex: They often get up at 6am.
Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
Ex: I have recently finished my homework.
 TĐT adv V
Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: 
 @ tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj
Ex: She is very nice.
 Adv adj
Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv
 Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.
Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough
 Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.
Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that
 Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
Đứng cuối câu
 Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
IV. Động từ (verbs = V ): 
@Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ 
 (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).
Ex: My family has five people.
 S V
 I believe her because she always tells the truth.
 S V S V
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
 @B. CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT CÁC TỪ LOẠI 
I. Danh từ (nouns): thường kết thúc (có đuôi) bằng: 
 -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, 
 -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness , ..
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness...........
II. Tính từ (adjective): Thường kết thúc bằng: 
 -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, - ic, -ed, -ing
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly
@Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ
Adj Ú Adv
good well
 late late/lately
ill ill
fast fast
@Phân biệt TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG TỪ
Tính từ (Adj) bổ nghĩa cho Danh từ/Đại từ/Đại từ sở hữu
Trạng từ (Adv): bổ nghĩa cho Động từ
BÀI THỰC HÀNH (EXERCISE)
Chọn từ phù hợp cho các câu dưới đây:
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. 	
decide 	b. decision 	
c. decisive 	d. Decisively
2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .
carefully 	b. careful	
c. caring 	d. Careless
3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
a. relations 	b. Relatives	
c. relationship 	d. Related
4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a .
a. biology	b. biologist	
c. biological	d. biologically
5. She takes the .. for running the household.
a. responsibility 	b. responsible 	
c. responsibly d. responsiveness.
6. We are a very close-nit family and very .. of one another.
a. supporting 	b. supportive	
c. support	d. supporter
7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible 	b. responsibility 	
	c. responsibly 	 	d. irresponsible
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
 	 a. biology 	b. biological 	
 c. biologist 	d. biologically
Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in __.
agree 	b. agreeable 	
c. agreement 	d. Agreeably
10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide 	b. confident 	
c. confidently 	d. Confidence
11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry 	b. married 	
c. marriageable 	d. marriage
12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse 	b. diversity 	
c. diversify 	d. diversification
13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband.
a. attractive	b. attraction	
c.attractiveness	d.attractively
14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude 	b. rudeness 	
c. rudely 	d. rudest
15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite 	b. politely 	
c. politeness 	 	d. impoliteness 
16. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
	a. deaf	b. deafen	
 c. deafness	d. Deafened
17. His country has -------------- climate. 
a. continent 	b. continental	
c. continence	d. Continentally
18. She has a -------------- for pink. 
a. prefer	b. preferential	
c. preferentially	d. Preference
19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.
	a. widely 	b. wide 	
 c. widen 	d. Width
20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
	a. comfort 	b. comfortable	
 c. comforted 	d. Comfortably
21. English is the language of --------------
	a. communicative 	b. communication 	
	c. communicate 	d. communicatively 
22. I have to do this job because I have no --------------
	a. choose	b. choice	
 c. choosing	d. Chosen
23. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo.
	a. instruct 	b. instructors 	
 c. instructions 	d. Instructive
24. He did some odd jobs at home --------------.	
	a. disappointment 	b. disappoint 	
 c. disappointed 	d. Disappointedly
25. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------.
	a. harm 	b. harmful	
 c. harmless	d. Unharmed
26. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State.
	a. child	b. childhood	
 c. childish	d. Childlike
27. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure.
	a. interest	b. interestedly	
 c. interesting	 d. interested	
28. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it.
	a. prepare	b. preparation	
 c. preparing	d. Prepared
29. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------
	a. convenient	b. convenience	
 c. conveniently	d. Convene
30. She is -------------- in her book. 
	a. absorbed 	b. absorbent 	 	
 c. absorptive 	d. Absorb
31. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave.
	a. satisfy	b. satisfied	
 c. satisfying	d. unsatisfied
PHH s ưu tầm, chỉnh lí 9/2015 - Nguồn TK vndoc.com