Tài Liệu tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT môn Tiếng anh

TÀI LIỆU ƠN THI VÀO 10
các thì:
@ Lý thuyết:
Simple present tense:(thì hiện tại đơn)
Hình thức: I / we / you / they + inf.
 He / She / It + Vs/es
* Thêm “es” vào những động từ cĩ tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, z, o
 To be: I + am 
 We / you / they + are 
 He / she / it + is 
Cách dùng:
_ Dùng để diễn tả thói quen hoặc sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. (Trong câu thường có các trang từ như: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, generally, regularly, every day/week/month/year once, twice, three times a day/week)
Ex: We come to school on time every day.
 My mother always gets up early.
_ Dùng để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý, các phong tục tập quán, các hiện tượng tự nhiên.
Ex: The earth moves around the sun.
Present progressive tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Hình thức: S + is/am/are + V-ing
Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang xảy ra ở hiện tại (trong câu thường có các trạng từ như: now, at present, at the moment)
Ex: My father is planting flowers in the garden now.
Note: một số động từ sau khơng được dung ở thì HTTD mà dùng HTĐ như: be, see, hear, feel, know, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, test, remember, forget, believe, seem 
Simple past tense: (thì quá khứ đơn)
Hình thức: 
 S + V2/ ed 
S + didn’t + V1
(Wh-) + Did + S +V1?
Cách dùng:
- Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. (Trong câu thường có các trạng từ như: ago, yesterday, last night/week/month/year in + past year)
Ex: I visited my old teachers yesterday.
 My mother bought this shirt last month.
- Một chuỗi hành động nối tiếp nhau xảy ra trong quá khứ.
EX: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened the door, I saw my cousin, I said hello to him and asked him to come in.
Past progressive tense: (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Hình thức: S + Were/Was + V-ing
Cách dùng:
_ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: What were you doing at one o’clock yesterday afternoon?
_ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang diễn ra ở quá khứ thì một sự việc quá khứ khác xảy ra.
 (sự việc đang diễn ra ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, sự việc quá khứ khác ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn.)
Ex: I met my friend when I was coming back home from school.
_ Dùng để diễn tả hai hành động cùng xảy ra một lúc ở quá khứ. (thường trong câu sử dụng từ nối: while, when)
Ex: Nam was reading a book while his father was watching TV.
Present perfect tense: (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
Hình thức: S + Have/Has + Past Participle (V3/ed)
Cách dùng: 
_ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định được thời điểm, hoặc kết quả cịn lien quan đến hiện tại.
Ex: I have already seen this play.
 He has lost his keys. (He can’t get into his house now.)
_ Dùng để diển tả sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.
Ex: My father has just come home from Paris.
_ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc bắt đầu ở quá khứ mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại.
Ex: They have lived here for 5 years.
 My sister has been sick since yesterday.
Chú ý:
+ Trong câu thường có các giới từ:
 For (dùng để chỉ khoảng thời gian)
 Since (dùng để chỉ mốc thời gian)
+ Trong câu thường cĩ “just, already, never, ever” đứng trước V3/-ed
 + “lately, recently, before” đứng cuối câu.
 + “so far = until now = up to now = up to the present = so on (nghĩa là cho đến bây giờ) đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu. 
“This/ it is the first/ second/ time, +S +have/has v3/ed
 several times, many times, ”.
+ Trong câu cũng thường gặp trạng từ “Yet”. Trạng từ “Yet” thưòng được đặt ở cuối câu và chỉ được sử dụng trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định nhằm nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa của câu.
Simple future tense: (thì tương lai đơn)
Hình thức: S + Will/Shall + Bare infinitive
Cách dùng: 
- Thì tương lai đơn dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương lai, khơng cĩ dự định trước hoặc hành động quyết định ngay lúc nĩi, 
EX: She won’t go there tomorrow.
Chú ý: 
- Khơng dùng thì tương lai đơn trong mệnh đề thời gian:
 I will meet her before she will leave here. → leaves
- Will/ shall cịn dùng sau các động từ như hope, believe, think, 
wish, be sure, be afraid, 
EX: I hope I will pass the examination.
 Lưu ý: 
“Will” được dùng cho tất cả các chủ ngữ nhưng “Shall” chỉ được dùng cho “I” và “we”
7. The near future. (Thì tương lai gần) be going to inf
 S + am/ is/ are + going to + V1 +... 
 Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả hành sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nĩ đã xuất hiện ở hiện tại hay một hành động tương lai cĩ dự định trước.
EX: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain
- Khơng dùng thì tương lai đơn gần với động từ di chuyển go, come:
 I’m glad because I am going to go to the cinema tonight.
 → am going 
@ bài tập:
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
Mr.Tuan always (go)  to work by bus.
We (start)  our new school year last month.
She (receive)  her pen pal’s letter this morning.
It (not rain) . in the dry season.
Lan (take)  her younger brother to the zoo last Sunday.
I (live)  here since I was born.
They (give)  me the letter a few minutes ago.
When I saw him, he (sit) . asleep in a chair.
What you (do)  at 7 p.m yesterday?
My brother (write)  several plays.
We (learn)  English now.
He (write)  a long novel at present.
Why didn’t you listen while I (speak)  to you?
Where are you? – I’m upstairs. I (have)  a bath.
You (have)  breakfast yet?
My little sister (drink)  milk every day.
The doctor sometimes (return)  home late.
They (have)  lunch in the cafeteria now.
They often (thank)  me for what I do for them.
His uncle (teach)  English in our school five years ago.
They (not go)  to the movies last Sunday.
You (find)  my pen yesterday?
The light (go)  out when we (study) .our lesson.
There (be)  an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
They (paint)  the school gate when we came.
They (build)  a new school in this area next year.
My brother (work)  in this factory for many years.
The children (play)  soccer at 4 o’clock yesterday.
I (see)  Nga at the bus stop every morning.
What you (do)  last night?
It (be) ...often hot in the summer.
My mother went to the supermarket yesterday, but she (not buy) .. anything.
Nam and Ba (play) . soccer at present.
My family (go) .. Da Lat next summer.
I’d like (tell) .. you something about my family.
She needs (eat) .. a lot of vegetables and fruit.
Please don’t make so much noise. I (study)..
The water (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
Look! Somebody (climb) up that tree over there.
I (not see) her since last week.
How long you (know) . Tom?
Hoa (burn) her hand when she (cook) ... The dinner.
While we (cross) ..the street, the policeman (shout) ...at us.
What you (do) at this time yesterday?
I hope it (not rain) when we (start) .early tomorrow.
My sister (play) the piano since she (be) .a child.
I (never forget) .what you (just tell) .me.
He (leave) .home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since.
She (win) .the gold medal in 2004.
While you (play) ..the guitar, I (write) .a letter.
WISH SENTENCES:
- Dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật ở hiện tại.
Hình thức:
 S + WISH / WISHES + S + V2/V-ed / were
- Dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật ở tương lai.
Hình thức:
 S + WISH / WISHES + S + WOULD + INF
* Ghi chú: “Past Subjunctive” được gọi là quá khứ bàng thái và được dùng như thì quá khứ đơn. Với động từ “To be” ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các chủ ngữ.
Ex: He wishes he were a doctor.
 I wish I could speak English fluently.
 Bài tập: 
* Write sentences beginning with “I wish”
I don’t have time to study. 
I can’t answer the questions. 
My younger brothers play in the street all day. 
We are not living in London. 
Nga is not here. .
They don’t stay in Da Lat. 
Mai doesn’t know many people in the town. ..
I’m sorry I can’t go to the party. ..
Her work isn’t going well. 
They will leave France next week. 
I’m sorry he gets up so late. 
It’s a pity we don’t know where we are. 
It’s a pity we haven’t a knife. 
I’m sorry I don’t know where you are staying. 
Nga may make a lot of mistakes. 
My family has to move to Lang Son. 
I’m sorry I can’t help you. 
The students keep talking all the time. 
The tickets are too expensive. 
I’m sorry my friends are poor. 
I speak English badly. 
He can’t swim as well as his friends. 
She has to work on Sunday every week. 
They are afraid of ghosts and monsters. 
I don’t know much about him. 
C. THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG: (passive voice)
Qui tắc chung:
 S + BE + (BEING) + V3/ed + (BY OBJECTIVE)
Cách biến đổi chung: S + V + O
 S + BE + V3/ed + (by O)
* CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI CHO TỪNG THÌ:
Present simple tense: (thì hiện tại đơn)
 S + V + O
 S + is/am/are + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: I see Nga at the bus stop every day.
 Nga is seen at the bus stop (by me) every day.
Present progressive tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
 S + V + O
 S + is/am/are +being + V3/ed + (By + O)
Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions.
 I am being asked a lot of questions.
Simple past: (qúa khứ đơn)
 S + V + O
 S + Were / Was + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: My mother wrote that letter.
 That letter was written by my mother.
Past progressive: (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
 S +V+ O
 S + Were/Was +Being + V3/ed + (By O) 
Ex: She was doing her homework at that time.
 Her homework was being done at that time.
Present perfect: (hiện tại hoàn thành)
 S + V + O
 S + Have/has + Been + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: She has given me some presents on my birthday.
 I have been given some presents on my birthday.
Model verbs: (will/shall/can/must/have to/ )
 S + V + O
 S + Modal verb + BE-inf + V3/ed + (By O)
Ex: My friend can answer the questions.
 The questions can be answered by my friend.
Chú ý:
Các tân ngữ “me, you, him, her, them, us, people, someone, ” ta nên bỏ khỏi câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rỏ tác nhân.
Ghi chú:
- Tân ngữ trong câu bị động ta phải đặt sau phó từ chỉ nơi chốn và trước phó từ chỉ thời gian.
- Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết thì động từ “To Be” luôn luôn nguyên mẫu. 
 Bài tập:
 Turn into the passive voice:
The teacher explains the lesson.
Mrs. Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.
These boys made that noise.
People speak English all over the world.
I gave him back the money last Sunday.
Nga can’t do these exercises quickly.
They have to pay the bill before the first of the month.
They will ask you some questions.
Somebody has locked the box and I can’t open it.
I want you to do this work now.
He shouldn’t do that silly thing.
Nam does some exercises every day.
The new teacher teaches English.
They have not used that machine for ages.
She has eaten all the eggs.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 1
I. Choose the best answer.
I was very impressed ..................... the efficiency of the staff. (on / by / to)
This report is divided ..................... two parts. (with / in / into)
Lan and Maryam are pen pals. They ............ twice a month. (comprise / touch / correspond)
Can you tell me how many chapters this book consists .......... ? (of / in / with)
Maryam was really ............... by the beauty of Ha Noi. (impress / impressed / impression)
The United States has a ..................... of around 250 million. (area / climate / population)
9. Mary ............................. write to me last year. (uses to / used to / was used to)
10. Millions of Christmas cars ..................................... last month. (were sent / sent / are sent)
11. It’s dangerous ............................... in this river. (swim / to swim / swimming)
12. I ......................... English here since 1997. (teach / taught / have taught)
13. Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing ........... work. (in / to / at)
14. The Ao dai is the ................ dress of Vietnamese women. (casual / beautiful / traditional)
15. I wish Lan ................... harder for her examination. (work / works / worked)
16. What were you doing when he .............................. ? (coming/ comes / came)
 17. He made a deep..................on the members of his speaking English club.
 (impress / impression/ impressed)
 18. A lot of .................come to Van Mieu every day. (visitor / visitors / visiting)
 19.The Smiths enjoyed the.........atmosphere in Vietnam. (peace / peaceful / peaceful)
 20. Hanoi is not.......................... from Kuala Lumpur. (difference / different / differently)
 21. We went to see many..........places in Hanoi last year. (famous / famously / famousness)
 22. The.......language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (nation / national / nationality)
 23. In Malaysia,...........................is free. (education / educate/ educational)
 24. It’s very kind.......................... you to say so! (in / on / for / of)
III. Match column A with column B. 
 A	B
1. pen pal	 a. the system of money used in a country.
2. climate	 b. someone who you regularly write friendly letter to but have not met.
3. currency	 c. that you can choose or not choose.	
4. divide	 d. that must be done by law, rules.
5. optional	 e. the regular pattern of weather conditions.
6. compulsory f. to stop being toghether, separate.
 Answer: 1.., 2...., 3....., 4, 5............, 6..........
IV. Supply the correct verb form. 
1. We ......................( study ) English since 2000.
2. I wish they ...............( be ) here now.
3. We used to .................................... (walk) to school.
4. Wearing uniforms ............................(make) students feel equal in many ways.
5. This school ......................................... (build) 15 years ago.
6. When I arrived home last night, my mother ...................................... (watch) TV.
V. Rewrite the sentences.
1. My father smoked a lots a year ago, but now he doesn’t smoke any more.
--> My father used .........................................................................................
2. Lan always walked pass the mosque.
--> Lan used ..................................................................................................................
3. He finished his exercise on time.
--> His exercise ..............................................................................................................
4. People plant rice in those fields.
--> Rice ..........................................................................................................................
5. They have known him well.
--> He ............................................................................................................................
6. We will meet her at the station.
--> She ...........................................................................................................................
7. A new school / build / our village / last year.
--> A new school was ...........................................................................................
8. You don’t have time to read books.
--> I wish ...............................................................................................................................
9. You are not good at cooking.
--> I wish ................................................................................................................................
10. The test is very difficult.
--> We wish ................................................................................................................................
11. Hoa draws very badly.
--> She wishes ................................................................................................................................
12. What a pity! You aren’t here with us now.
--> We wish ..................................................................................................................................
VI. Use the correct verb forms:
I wish I ( live) . near my school.
I wish I ( know) . her address.
I wish I ( be ) . taller.
I wish I (meet) ..her now
If only he (not leave) .here. 
She wishes she (finish) ..her homework last night 
 I wish they ( come).here last Sunday.
I wish they ( visit) .us last week
She wishes she ( spend) her holiday at the seaside last weekend.
I wish the weather (be not) .hot yesterday.
I wish I ( be )a doctor when I grow up
They wish it ( not rain)..tomorrow
If only we (not have ) .. a test next Tuesday.
I wish it (be) ..fine on the party next week.
I wish tomorrow (be)a beautiful day.
VII. Make a cross on the correct answer A, B, C, and D in the following sentences:
1. We are really  by the beauty of Ha long bay. (impress / to impress / impressed / impressing)
2. He made a deep .on the members of his speaking English club.
	A. impress	B. to impress 	C. impressed	D. impressing
3. His ..made us happy. (unfriendly / friendly / unfriendliness / friendliness)
4. A lot of . come to Van Mieu everyday. (visitor / visitors / visiting / visited)
5. What was he doing when you .? (A. come B. to come C. came	D. coming)
6. The Smiths enjoyed the . atmosphere in Vietnam. (peace / peaceful / peacefully / peacetime)
7. Hanoi is not  from Kuala Lumpur (difference / different / differ / differently)
8. We went to see many  places in Hanoi last year. (fame / famous / famously / famousness)
9. The . language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (nation / national / nationally / nationality)
10. I wish Mary .harder for her examination. (will work / worked / has worked / works)
11. It’s very kind .. you to say so. (in / to / for / of)
12. Can you tell me how many chapters this book consists .. ? (of / to / with / in)
13. Vietnamese people are very . and hospitable. (friend / friendless / friendly / friendship)
14. I come from Vietnam, so I am not used to  on the left.(drive / drove / driven	/ driving)
15. Although we are far away from each other, we still .
	A. keep in touch	B. say hello	C. keep together	D. keep on
16. Music and painting are .. subjects. (option / optional / optionally / optioning)
17. The children are playing .. in the school yard. (happy / happily / happiness / unhappy)
18. I wish they .. here tomorrow. (will come / would come / come / came)
19. They . to Dalat in summer when they were young. (use to go / used to go / are used to go / used to going)
20. Lan . writing to Maryam every month. (uses to / used to / is used to / was used to)
21. The Malaysian unit of currency is the (dong / ringit / dollar / yen)
22. Maryam often goes to the  to pray because her religion is Islam. (church / pagoda / temple /mosque)
23. He  English for 4 years. (learns / learnt / will learn / has learnt)
24. Maths and Litterature are  subjects for children in Vietnam. (primary /compulsory / optional / national)
25. They used to . swimming in the afternoon.(go /going / went / gone)
26. The United States has a . of around 250 million. (population / separation / addition / introduction)
27. He wishes he  a pilot. (is / were / will be / would be)
28. I would rather you  the test well. (do / did / done / to do)
29. It’s time we .. the bus. (catch / caught / to catch / catching)
30.Nam wishes he .. Thanh some money for her rent but he’s broken himself.
	A. can lend	B. would lend	C. could lend	D. lend 
31. I wish you here with me. (a. was b. were c. am 	d. have been )
32. Lan wishes she Maryam someday. (a. visit b. visited c. would visit d. will visit) 
33. They wish they a new car. (a. have b. had c. would have 	d. has)
34. He wishes he ..the exam. (a. passes b. pass c. passed 	d. will pass) 
35. He ..to see a new film called “ Ghosts and Monsters” last night. (a. goes b. went c. go d. has gone) 
36. Wha