Tài liệu tóm tắt ngữ pháp tiếng Anh THCS

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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 1 
TÀI LIỆU TểM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH THCS 
1. Present Simple and Present Progressive tenses (Thỡ hiện tại đơn giản và thỡ hiện tại tiếp diễn) 
Tenses Affirmation Negation Interrogation With 
Present 
Simple 
(Thì 
hiện 
tại 
đơn) 
S + am/ is/ 
are 
S + V(s/es) 
S + am/ is/ are not 
S + don’t/ doesn’t + 
V1 
Am/ Is/ Are = S 
+.? 
Do/ Does + S + 
V1? 
Everyday ,always, usually, often, never, 
hardly, in the morning/ afternoon/ 
evening/ in spring/ summer/ autumn/, 
On Mondays/ at weekends 
Present 
Progressive 
(Thí 
hiện tại 
tiếp 
diễn) 
S + am/ is/ 
are + V-ing 
S + am/ is/ are (not) + 
V-ing 
Am/ Is/ Are + S 
+V-ing? 
Now, at the present/ moment/ this time/ 
Look! Listen! Be careful! Be quiet! 
Hurry up 
2. Intended Future and Future Simple .( Thì t-ơng lai gần và t-ơng lai đơn giản) 
Tenses 
Affirmation 
(KĐ) 
Negation (PĐ) 
Interrogation 
(NV) 
With 
Intended 
Future 
S + am/ is/ are 
+ going to 
+V1 
S + am/ is/ are+ not + 
going to +V1 
Am/ Is/ Are + S + 
going to +V1 ? 
Tomorrow, soon, tonight, next, this 
weekend, someday, in the future 
Future 
Simple 
S+ will + V1 S+ will not + V1 Will + S + V1? 
 The differences between intended future and future simple: (Sự khỏc nhau giữa tương lai gần và 
tương lai đơn giản) 
Intended future (Thì t-ơng lai gần) Future simple (Thì t-ơng lai đơn) 
1. í định đó được dự trự, sắp xếp trước khi núi: 
 - I am going to visit New York this summer. 
2. Sự suy đoỏn chắc chắn dựa vào căn cứ hiện tại: 
 - There are a lot of clouds. I think it is going to 
rain. 
1. í định ngay khi núi hay hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương 
lai khụng phụ thuộc vào ý định: 
 - He will come here tomorrow. 
2. í kiến, lời hứa, hy vọng, phỏt biểu về một hành động 
trong tương lai: (think, promise, hope, expect..) 
 - Wait here and I will get you a drink. 
 - I think you will pass the exam. 
3. Past simple tense( Thỡ quỏ khứ đơn giản) 
Tenses Affirmation Negation Interrogation With 
Past 
simple 
S + was/ were 
S + V 2 / V– 
ed 
S + wasn’t/ weren’t 
S + didn’t + V1 
Was/ Were + S + 
? 
Did + S + V1? 
Yesterday, ago, last, in 199..< 2008 
Past habit: S + used to + V1 
 * Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ nh-ng nay không còn nữa 
 (He used to go swimming when he was young.) 
4. Past progressive tense( Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn) 
Tenses Affirmation Negation Interrogation With 
Past 
progressive 
S + was/ were 
+ V_ing 
S + wasn’t/ weren’t 
+ V_ing 
Was/ Were + S + 
V_ing ? 
At this time yesterday(last week, last 
month), when, while 
5. present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành) 
Tenses Affirmation Negation Interrogation With 
Present 
perfect 
S + have/has + 
V3 
S + haven’t/hasn’t 
+ V3 
Have/has + S+ 
V3 ? 
just, recently, ever, never, already, 
since, for, so far, yet, up to now 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 2 
6. Enough .. to: S + be (not) + adj+ enough (+ for + O) + to Inf . 
A. Đồng chủ ngữ: Nam is not old. He is in my class. 
Nam is not old enough to be in my class. 
B. Khỏc chủ ngữ: This book is very interesting. You should read it. 
 This book is interesting enough to for you to read. (bỏ very 
7. Adjective order in a noun phrase(Trật tự của tính từ trong một cụm danh từ) 
(a/ an) size shape age color national material Noun 
A big round old black Chinese wooden chair 
8. Reflexive pronouns :( Đại từ phản thõn hay nhấn mạnh) 
Subject I you We They He she It 
Reflexive 
pronouns 
Myself 
Yourself/ 
yourselves 
Ourselves Themselves Himself Herself Itself 
- Theo sau cỏc động từ (enjoy, look at, cut, dress, serve ); cho biết chủ ngữ và tõn ngữ là một người 
 Oh. I cut myself. I look myself in the mirror. 
- Đặt ngay sau chủ ngữ hay tõn ngữ để bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hay tõn ngữ đú. 
 I myself was new here last year. 
 I saw Tan himself yesterday. 
- Đặt ngay sau từ BY mang ý nghĩa là một mỡnh. 
 You should do it by yourself. 
9. Modal verbs ( Động từ khuyết thiếu) MUST - HAVE TO - OUGHT TO: 
Must (Phải) Have to (phải) Ought to (phảI nên) 
 Diễn tả sự việc 
ng-ời nói ra lệnh 
hoặc mong đ-ợc 
thực hiện 
Diễn tả sự bắt buộc 
mạnh từ bên ngoài 
 Diễn tả việc thực hiện lời 
khuyên theo trách nhiệm nh-ng 
không chắc đ-ợc thực hiện hay 
không 
I must take some pills 
from the doctor. 
I have to go to the bank to get 
some money. 
You ought to apologize him 
10. Comparison: (So sánh) 
Comparison Comparative (So sánh hơn) Superlative ( So sánh nhất) 
Short adj 
( tính từ 
ngắn) 
S +V+ adj _er + than + S2 
small → smaller; big → bigger 
S + V + the adj –est + n 
small → the smallest; big → the biggest 
Long adj 
( tính từ 
dài) 
S +V+ more + adj + than + S2 
 expensive → more expensive 
beautiful → more beautiful 
S + V + the most + adj + n 
expensive → the most expensive 
 beautiful → the most beautiful 
11. Commands, requests and invitations: (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu mời) 
Commands (Câu mệnh 
lệnh ) 
Requests (câu yêu cầu ) Invitations (câu mời() 
Yêu cầu hay ra lệnh 
ai làm gì. 
Bắt đầu là động từ 
nguyên mẫu. 
ở phủ định bắt đầu 
là Don’t + V1. 
. 
- Yêu cầu ai làm việc gì 
đó cho mình “Can/Could/ 
May /Might you...?” 
- Đề nghị ,xin phép ai 
làm một việc gì đóự. 
 “Can/Could/ May /Might I...?” 
- Mời một ng-ời khác dùng 
một thứ gì . 
 “Will you have/ Would you like..?” 
-Mời một ng-ời thực hiện 
một việc gì. 
“Will/ would/ could you...? “ 
 “Would you like to ...?” 
 - Go to the black board. 
 - Don’t talk in the class. 
 - Can you lend me some money? 
 - Could I take photographs here? 
- Will you have some tea?- Yes, please. 
- Would you like to go now?- I’d love to. 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 3 
11. Commands, requests and invitations in reported speech: (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, 
lời khuyên trong cách nói gián tiếp) 
 Reported speech: 
1. Affirmation commands: S+ told / asked B + to V1... 
2. Negation commands: S+ told / asked B + not to V1 
3. Requests: S+ told / asked+ B + to V1... 
4. Advice: S + advised+ B + to V1... 
 -NgôI thứ nhất chuyển về cùng ngôI 
ng-ời nóii. 
 (I  he, she; me him/ her; myhis, her ) 
 -NgôI thứ hai chuyển về cùng ngôI ng-ời 
nghe 
 (you I, we, he, she, they; you  me, us, him, her, 
them; your my...) 
 -NgôI thứ ba không đổi ngôI (I, you, 
he, she, they) 
 This  That 
 These  Those 
 Here  There 
 Now  Then 
 Today  That day 
 Tonight  That 
night 
Tomorrow  The next/ following day 
Yesterday  The day before 
Next week / year  The following week / 
year 
Last week / year  The previous week / year 
1. Mệnh lệnh KĐ: I said to Tom, “Open the book for me.” 
 I told / asked Tom to open the book for me. 
2. Mệnh lệnh PĐ: The teacher said to us, “Don’t talk in class.” 
 The teacher asked us not to talk in class. 
3. Lời khuyên: He said to his son,” You ought to do your homework tonight.” 
 He advised his son to do his homework that night. 
4. Yêu cầu: “Could you close this door?” said Nam to me. 
  Nam asked / requested me to close that door. 
12. Passive forms. ( Dạng bị động) 
 Quan sát: 
- Câu chủ động : Mr Smith teaches English. 
- Câu bị động : English is taught by Mr Smith. 
 Quy tắc: 
- Tân ngữ chủ động -> chủ ngữ bị động. 
- Động từ bị đđộng: Be + PII (ed/V3). 
- Chủ ngữ chủ động -> tân ngữ bị động ( trước có giới từ by). 
- Sơ đồ S V 
O 
 S + be + PII ( ed/V3 ) + 
by + O 
 Bảng tóm tắt các thì và động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu bị động. 
Present simple S + am/ is/ are + PII ( ed/V 30 ) + ( by + O ). 
Past simple S + was, were + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ). 
Present 
progressive 
S + am/is/ are + being + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ). 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 4 
Past 
progressive 
S + was/ were + being + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ). 
Present 
perfect 
S + have/ has + been + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ). 
Past perfect S + had + been + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ). 
Future simple S + will + be + PII ( ed/V3) + ( by + O ). 
Be going to S + am/is/are + going to + be + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by 
+ O ). 
MODEL VERBS 
S + can/could/would/should + be + PII ( ed/V 
3 ) + (by+O ). 
 must/have to/may/might 
 13. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) 
1./ Real conditional sentences in the present :Type 1 ( Điều 
kiện có thật ở hiện tại) 
If + S+ V(present simple) , S + Will + V (inf) 
Eg : If you work harder, you will pass the next exam . 
2./ Unreal conditional sentences in the present:Type 2 (Điều 
kiện không có thật ở hiện tại). 
If+ S+ V(past simple) , S + Would / could / should + V 
(inf) 
Eg : - If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the 
world 
- If he were you , he should help her. 
* Note : 
1./ In the unreal condition : Be = Were with all persons 
Trong câu điều kiện không có thật: Be = Were cho tất cả các 
ngôi 
2./ Unless = If.......not 
Eg : If you don’t go right away, you will not go to school on 
time 
- Unless you go right away, you will not go to school on time 
3./ VP + or + clause - unless + S + V , clause 
Eg : Behave yourself or your parents won’t be happy 
Unless you behave yourself, your parents won’t be happy 
4./ Rewrite the sentences with ‘ IF‛ : Viết lại câu với ‘IF’ 
 Present simple (+/- not) IF condition 2 
Eg : If I don’t know the answer , so I can’t tell you. 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 5 
 -> If I knew the answer , I could tell you . 
------------ 
practice 
Exercise I: Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets 
1. It (be).. always hot in summer in Hue. 
2. We (not go). to the cinema last night because we. (be) ..busy. 
3. Smoking (be). bad for your health. 
4. Hoang (practice).. speaking English every day. 
5. Lan (not have). a health examination last month. 
6. We (not have) classes tomorrow. 
7. Look! The children (not do) their homework. They (sleep) 
8. Kim usually (go).. to school by bike. But today she (walk) to 
school. 
9. Last week the doctor (fill) a cavity in my eighth tooth. 
10. Next month, my English teacher (go) to England. 
11. My brother (buy) me a new watch on my last birthday. 
12. We (not go) to the cinema last night because we (be) busy. 
13. Tom (watch) TV every night. Yesterday he (watch) it in the afternoon 
because there (be) an exciting football match on TV. 
14. We (not have) classes tomorrow. 
15. Would you like (see). a movie? 
16. What you (do). last weekend? 
17. She (not watch) television every night. 
18. This medicine will make you (feel) .better. 
19. John (go) .to the store before he (go) .home. 
20. Jeannette (wash). the pipettes after she (complete) the 
experiment 
21. She never (stay) .. up late at night. 
22. My mother (plant) ..flowers in the garden at the moment. 
23. Why ...you (leave) . the party early last night? 
24. Minh (go)  .to the dentist tomorrow morning. 
25. You should (go) ..to bed early. 
26. When I (open)............... the door, a friend (stand)....................... there. 
27. When I (arrive)........................back at the car park, my car wasn’t there. “oh, what 
you(do)...................?” I (report)....................it to the police. 
28. We (not see)......................Nga since Monday. 
29. Lan (be).....................in the USA for 2 years. 
30. I (go) .................to bed at 11 o’clock last night. 
31. They (move).......................to London in 2003. 
32. They (live)..................in HCM city since January. 
33. That’s a very old bike. He (have)......................it for a long time. 
34. I (buy)...................the motorbike 5 years ago. 
35. Peter (be)................ill for a week. 
36. Hoa (visit)..................her parents once a year. 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 6 
37. When Andrew (arrive)......................at the airport, he (look)....................around but he (not 
can).....................see anybody there to meet him. A lot of people in uniform (hold) 
.................. cards with names on them. But they (not wait).....................for him. 
38. Hoa wants(go)........................to West Lake Park this Sunday. 
39. Nam doesn’t think so. He thinks of (watch).........................football match on TV. 
40. After (do)....................her homework ,Lan usually listen to the play on the radio. 
41. Ba likes sports, especially (play) ..................... football and (swim)...................... 
42. Nga sometimes has to go to school very early (do)...................her class duties. 
43. The Y &Y members raise funds by (collect).......................used paper and bottles and 
broken glasses. 
44. They hope(help).......................other people with their small projects. 
45. It (start)...................raining an hours ago. 
46. I (know).................Lan for some months. 
47. When ..................Nam and Hoa first (meet)........................? 
48. You (play)..........................football tomorrow morning? 
-Yes, but Nam(not play)................................He has just hurt his leg. 
49. Hurry! The bus (come).........................I(not want).........................to miss it. 
50. Can you drive a car? 
-No, but I (learn)......................................My father (teach)......................me. 
Exercise II: Choose the best answer: 
51. My students uniform on Sunday 
A. wear B. wearing C. to wear D. are wearing 
52. We ..each other for two years. 
A. have know B. have knew C. knew D. have known 
53. Listen! The birds  
A. sing B. are sing C. are singing D. singing 
54. My father ..me to the park once a week. 
A. take B. takes C. is taking D. has taken 
55. The children .football in the school yard at the moment. 
A. playing B. are playing C. to play D. is playing 
56. Lan is in her room now. She a letter. 
A. writes B. is writing C. is writing D. is writes 
57. Jack..no trouble with his English lesson up to now. 
A. looked B. looks C. has looked D. was looking 
58. At present, that author .a historical novel. 
A. are writing B. is writing C. is writing D. is writes 
59. Yes, I that other fellow’s name now. 
A. am remembering B. remember C. remembered D. remembers 
60. Robber.for you since noon. 
A. has waited B. waits C. is waiting D. have waited 
61. I hope that you.our wedding. 
A. attend B. will attend C. attended D. attends 
62. I’m going to bed. I .for hours and I’m tired. 
A. worked B. have worked C. works D. am working 
63. The bees .come out of the hive since six o’clock 
A. won’t B. hasn’t C. didn’t D. haven’t 
64. When I see Barbara in the street, she always at me. 
A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles 
65. “You are late”, he said “I think the busalready” 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 7 
A. went B. was going C. has gone D. goes 
66. She often .that she could ride a bicycle. 
A. wishes B. wished C. wish D. wishing 
67. Meleeat Train Odom at present. 
A. studies B. is studying C. are studying D. has studies 
68. He .for the money since last Friday. 
A. was waiting B. waited C. has waited D. waits 
69. “Don’t cook a meal for me”, He said” I’ve already” 
A. eaten B. eat C. eating D. been eating 
70. He’s been in Bangkok.. 
A. for two weeks B. since two weeks C. in two weeks D. two weeks ago 
71. He .to his wife an hour ago. 
A. talks B. has talked C. talking D. talked 
72. Harry is working at a bank 
A. at the moment B. since last year C. a year ago D. for a year 
73. After having lunch heto his room to have a short rest yesterday. 
A. goes B. has gone C. went D. going 
74. It’s an hour since he so he must be at the office now. 
A. is leaving B. was leaving C. has left D. left 
75. A clock ..you the time. 
A. tells B. told C. is telling D. has told 
76. She hasn’t written to me. 
A. already B. yet C. never D. since 
77. Hedoing the crossword puzzle in the newspaper every day. 
A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. has liked 
78. The eggs .taken to the market once a week. 
A. is B. are C. was D. were 
79. This is the first time I ..this kind of food. 
A. eat B. am eating C. has eaten D. have eaten 
80. Look! A man after the bus. He ..to catch it 
A. is running/ is wanting B. is running/ wants C. is running/ want D. runs/ wants 
81. My children .to the zoo every weekend 
A. go B. goes C. have gone D. are going 
82. It’s ages since Tom us. 
A. has visited B. visited C. visits D. is visited 
83. Ann ..tea very often. 
A. doesn’t drink B. don’t drink C. didn’t drink D. hasn’t drink 
84. I ..my son the money for that last week. 
A. give B. gave C. have given D. had given 
85. I ..lots about the job so far. 
A. have learnt B. am learning C. had learnt D. learnt 
86. Bad driving often many accidents 
A. caused B. cause C. causes D. has caused 
87. .a car when they were living in London in 1990? 
A. Have they B. Did they have C. Were they having D. Have they had 
88. Ted.me for weeks. 
A. hasn’t phoned B. didn’t phone C. isn’t phoning D. phone 
89. My brother has enjoyed swimming since he ..young. 
A. has been B. was C. will be D. will be 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 8 
90. The boys .football in the field every evening but yesterday they .basketball 
instead 
A. played/ played B. played/ play C. play/ played D. play/ play 
91. Hurry up, Jane! We all for you. 
A. wait B. are waiting C. waiting D. are waiting 
92. I can’t go with you because I ..my lessons yet. 
A. didn’t finish B. am not finishing C. don’t finish D. haven’t finished 
93. He for Canada two years ago and I .him since. 
A. left/ didn’t see B. has left/ didn’t see C. left / don’t see D. left / haven’t 
seen 
94. I.Nick lately. 
Yes, he ..into an accident 3 weeks ago. Since that time he .in hospital. 
A. didn’t see/got/was B. haven’t see/got/was 
C. haven’t see/got/ has been D. haven’t seen / has got/ has been 
95. . It.this week. 
A. rained B. has rained C. was raining D. has been having 
96. The rain .but a strong wind is still blowing. 
A. stops B. has stopped C. stopped D. is stopping 
97. Look! That man .to open the door of your car. 
A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried 
98. Patricia.now. Please do not disturb her. 
A. is sleeping B. was sleeping C. sleeps D. has slept. 
99. A child can ..easily. 
A. remembered B. remember C. remembers D. remembering 
100. I haven’t seen much of you lately. We ..three months ago. 
A. meet B. last met C. have last met D. has last met 
101. She at the door before she entered the office. 
A. has knocked B. knocks C. have knocked D. had knocked 
102. The boywhen the explosion occurred 
A. is sleeping B. slept C. was sleeping D. sleeps 
103. .everything already? Yes, he his part of work long ago. 
A. Has he done B. Did he do/has done C. Has he done/ did D. Did he do/ did 
104. She .this exercise yesterday at 8 o’clock. 
A. wrote B. has written C. has writing D. was writing 
105. Ithe article when I come home. 
A. translate B. will translate C. translated D. was translating 
106. Her brother in Canada at the moment 
A. working B. works C. work D. is working 
107. . Iyou for ages. 
A. didn’t meet B. wasn’t meeting C. has met D. haven’t met 
108. We will have supper when you ..home. 
A. return B. returned C. have returned D. were returning 
109. The library before I got there. 
A. closed B. has closed C. had closed D. have closed 
110. The Olympic Games.every four years. 
A. take place B. took place C. is taking place D. will take place 
111. She very angry when she knows this 
A. shall be B. has been C. was D. will be 
112. They .to build a new McDonalds in several days. 
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THƯ VIỆN SEN VÀNG 9 
A. will start B. have started C. started D. starts 
113. last night, I a m