Tài liệu tóm tắt ngữ pháp chương trình Tiếng Anh THCS

TÀI LIỆU TểM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH THCS
1. 	Present Simple and Present Progressive tenses (Thỡ hiện tại đơn giản và thỡ hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Tenses
Affirmation
Negation
Interrogation
With 
Present 
Simple 
(Thì hiện tại đơn)
S + am/ is/ are
S + V(s/es)
S + am/ is/ are not
S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1
Am/ Is/ Are = S +.?
Do/ Does + S + V1? 
Everyday ,always, usually, often, never, hardly, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ in spring/ summer/ autumn/, On Mondays/ at weekends
Present
Progressive
(Thí hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + am/ is/ are + V-ing
S + am/ is/ are (not) + V-ing
Am/ Is/ Are + S +V-ing?
Now, at the present/ moment/ this time/ Look! Listen! Be careful! Be quiet! Hurry up
2. 	Intended Future and Future Simple .( Thì tương lai gần và tương lai đơn giản)
Tenses
Affirmation (KĐ)
Negation (PĐ)
Interrogation (NV)
With
Intended
Future 
S + am/ is/ are + going to +V1 
S + am/ is/ are+ not + going to +V1 
Am/ Is/ Are + S + going to +V1 ?
Tomorrow, soon, tonight, next, this weekend, someday, in the future
Future 
Simple
S+ will + V1
S+ will not + V1
Will + S + V1?
	The differences between intended future and future simple: (Sự khỏc nhau giữa tương lai gần và tương lai đơn giản)
Intended future (Thì tương lai gần)
Future simple (Thì tương lai đơn)
1. í định đó được dự trự, sắp xếp trước khi núi:
 - I am going to visit New York this summer. 
2. Sự suy đoỏn chắc chắn dựa vào căn cứ hiện tại:
 - There are a lot of clouds. I think it is going to rain.
1. í định ngay khi núi hay hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai khụng phụ thuộc vào ý định: 
 - He will come here tomorrow.
2. í kiến, lời hứa, hy vọng, phỏt biểu về một hành động trong tương lai: (think, promise, hope, expect..)
 - Wait here and I will get you a drink.
 - I think you will pass the exam.
3. Past simple tense( Thỡ quỏ khứ đơn giản)
Tenses
Affirmation
Negation
Interrogation
With 
Past 
simple
S + was/ were
S + V 2 / V– ed 
S + wasn’t/ weren’t
S + didn’t + V1 
Was/ Were + S + ?
Did + S + V1? 
Yesterday, ago, last, in 199..< 2008
Past habit: S + used to + V1 
	 * Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ nhưng nay không còn nữa
 	(He used to go swimming when he was young.) 
4. Past progressive tense( Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn)
Tenses
Affirmation
Negation
Interrogation
With 
Past progressive 
S + was/ were
+ V_ing 
S + wasn’t/ weren’t
+ V_ing 
Was/ Were + S + V_ing ?
At this time yesterday(last week, last month), when, while
5. present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
Tenses
Affirmation
Negation
Interrogation
With 
Present perfect 
S + have/has + V3 
S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3 
Have/has + S+ V3 ? 
just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to now 
6. Enough .. to: S + be (not) + adj+ enough (+ for + O) + to Inf .
A. Đồng chủ ngữ: Nam is not old. He is in my class.
Nam is not old enough to be in my class.
B. Khỏc chủ ngữ: This book is very interesting. You should read it.
	This book is interesting enough to for you to read. (bỏ very
7. Adjective order in a noun phrase(Trật tự của tính từ trong một cụm danh từ)
(a/ an)
size
shape
age
color
national
material
Noun
A
big
round
old
black
Chinese 
wooden
chair
8. Reflexive pronouns :( Đại từ phản thõn hay nhấn mạnh)
Subject
I
you
We
They
He
she
It
Reflexive pronouns
Myself
Yourself/ yourselves
Ourselves
Themselves
Himself
Herself
Itself
- Theo sau cỏc động từ (enjoy, look at, cut, dress, serve ); cho biết chủ ngữ và tõn ngữ là một người
	Oh. I cut myself. I look myself in the mirror.
- Đặt ngay sau chủ ngữ hay tõn ngữ để bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hay tõn ngữ đú.
	I myself was new here last year. 
 I saw Tan himself yesterday.
- Đặt ngay sau từ BY mang ý nghĩa là một mỡnh.
 You should do it by yourself.
9. Modal verbs ( Động từ khuyết thiếu) MUST - HAVE TO - OUGHT TO:
Must (Phải)
Have to (phải)
Ought to (phảI nên)
 Diễn tả sự việc người nói ra lệnh hoặc mong được thực hiện
Diễn tả sự bắt buộc mạnh từ bên ngoài
 Diễn tả việc thực hiện lời khuyên theo trách nhiệm nhưng không chắc được thực hiện hay không
I must take some pills from the doctor.
I have to go to the bank to get some money.
You ought to apologize him
10. Comparison: (So sánh)
Comparison
Comparative (So sánh hơn)
Superlative ( So sánh nhất)
Short adj 
( tính từ ngắn)
S +V+ adj _er + than + S2
small → smaller; big → bigger
S + V + the adj –est + n
small → the smallest; big → the biggest
Long adj
( tính từ dài)
S +V+ more + adj + than + S2
 expensive → more expensive
beautiful → more beautiful
S + V + the most + adj + n
expensive → the most expensive
 beautiful → the most beautiful
11. Commands, requests and invitations: (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu mời)
Commands (Câu mệnh lệnh )
Requests (câu yêu cầu )
Invitations (câu mời()
Yêu cầu hay ra lệnh ai làm gì.
Bắt đầu là động từ nguyên mẫu.
ở phủ định bắt đầu là Don’t + V1.
.
- Yêu cầu ai làm việc gì đó cho mình “Can/Could/ May /Might you...?”
- Đề nghị ,xin phép ai làm một việc gì đóự.
 “Can/Could/ May /Might I...?”
- Mời một người khác dùng một thứ gì .
 “Will you have/ Would you like..?”
-Mời một người thực hiện một việc gì.
“Will/ would/ could you...? “ 
 “Would you like to ...?”
 - Go to the black board.
 - Don’t talk in the class.
 - Can you lend me some money?
 - Could I take photographs here?
- Will you have some tea?- Yes, please.
- Would you like to go now?- I’d love to.
11. Commands, requests and invitations in reported speech: (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, lời khuyên trong cách nói gián tiếp)
 Reported speech:
1. Affirmation commands: S+ told / asked B + to V1...
2. Negation commands: S+ told / asked B + not to V1 
3. Requests: S+ told / asked+ B + to V1...
4. Advice: S + advised+ B + to V1...
 -NgôI thứ nhất chuyển về cùng ngôI người nóii.
 (I he, she; me him/ her; myhis, her )
 -NgôI thứ hai chuyển về cùng ngôI người nghe 
 (you I, we, he, she, they; you me, us, him, her, them; your my...)
 -NgôI thứ ba không đổi ngôI (I, you, he, she, they)
 This That
 These Those
 Here There 
 Now Then
 Today That day 
 Tonight That night
Tomorrow The next/ following day
Yesterday The day before
Next week / year The following week / year
Last week / year The previous week / year
Mệnh lệnh KĐ: 	 I said to Tom, “Open the book for me.” 
 I told / asked Tom to open the book for me.	
Mệnh lệnh PĐ: The teacher said to us, “Don’t talk in class.”	
	 The teacher asked us not to talk in class.	
Lời khuyên:	 He said to his son,” You ought to do your homework tonight.” 
	He advised his son to do his homework that night.	 	
Yêu cầu:	“Could you close this door?” said Nam to me.	
 Nam asked / requested me to close that door.
12. Passive forms. ( Dạng bị động)
Quan sát: 
Câu chủ động : Mr Smith teaches English.
Câu bị động : English is taught by Mr Smith.
Quy tắc:
Tân ngữ chủ động -> chủ ngữ bị động.
Động từ bị đđộng: Be + PII (ed/V3).
Chủ ngữ chủ động -> tân ngữ bị động ( trước có giới từ by).
- Sơ đồ S V O
 S + be + PII ( ed/V3 ) + by + O
Bảng tóm tắt các thì và động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu bị động.
Present simple
S + am/ is/ are + PII ( ed/V 30 ) + ( by + O ).
Past simple
S + was, were + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).
Present progressive
S + am/is/ are + being + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).
Past progressive
S + was/ were + being + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).
Present perfect
S + have/ has + been + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).
Past perfect
S + had + been + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).
Future simple
S + will + be + PII ( ed/V3) + ( by + O ).
Be going to
S + am/is/are + going to + be + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).
MODEL VERBS
S + can/could/would/should + be + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + (by+O ).
 must/have to/may/might 
	13. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)
1./ Real conditional sentences in the present :Type 1 ( Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại)
If + S+ V(present simple) , S + Will + V (inf)
Eg : If you work harder, you will pass the next exam .
2./ Unreal conditional sentences in the present:Type 2 (Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại).
If+ S+ V(past simple) , S + Would / could / should + V (inf)
Eg : - If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world
- If he were you , he should help her.
* Note :
1./ In the unreal condition :	Be = Were with all persons
Trong câu điều kiện không có thật: 	Be = Were cho tất cả các ngôi
2./ Unless = If.......not
Eg : If you don’t go right away, you will not go to school on time
-	Unless you go right away, you will not go to school on time
3./ VP + or + clause	-	unless + S + V , clause
Eg :	Behave yourself or your parents won’t be happy
àUnless you behave yourself, your parents won’t be happy
4./ Rewrite the sentences with ‘ IF‛ : Viết lại câu với ‘IF’
 Present simple (+/- not) IF condition 2
Eg : If I don’t know the answer , so I can’t tell you.
	->	If I knew the answer , I could tell you .
------------
practice
Exercise I: Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets
It (be).. always hot in summer in Hue.
We (not go). to the cinema last night because we. (be) ..busy.
Smoking (be). bad for your health.
Hoang (practice).. speaking English every day.
Lan (not have). a health examination last month.
We (not have) classes tomorrow.
Look! The children (not do) their homework. They (sleep)
Kim usually (go).. to school by bike. But today she (walk) to school.
Last week the doctor (fill) a cavity in my eighth tooth.
Next month, my English teacher (go) to England.
My brother (buy) me a new watch on my last birthday.
We (not go) to the cinema last night because we (be) busy.
Tom (watch) TV every night. Yesterday he (watch) it in the afternoon because there (be) an exciting football match on TV. 
We (not have) classes tomorrow.
Would you like (see). a movie?
What you (do). last weekend?
She (not watch) television every night.
This medicine will make you (feel) .better.
John (go) .to the store before he (go) .home.
Jeannette (wash). the pipettes after she (complete) the experiment
She never (stay) .. up late at night.
My mother (plant) ..flowers in the garden at the moment.
Why ...you (leave) . the party early last night?
Minh (go)  .to the dentist tomorrow morning.
You should (go) ..to bed early.
When I (open)............... the door, a friend (stand)....................... there.
When I (arrive)........................back at the car park, my car wasn’t there. “oh, what you(do)...................?” I (report)....................it to the police.
We (not see)......................Nga since Monday.
Lan (be).....................in the USA for 2 years.
I (go) .................to bed at 11 o’clock last night.
They (move).......................to London in 2003.
They (live)..................in HCM city since January.
That’s a very old bike. He (have)......................it for a long time.
I (buy)...................the motorbike 5 years ago.
Peter (be)................ill for a week.
Hoa (visit)..................her parents once a year.
When Andrew (arrive)......................at the airport, he (look)....................around but he (not can).....................see anybody there to meet him. A lot of people in uniform (hold) .................. cards with names on them. But they (not wait).....................for him.
Hoa wants(go)........................to West Lake Park this Sunday.
Nam doesn’t think so. He thinks of (watch).........................football match on TV.
After (do)....................her homework ,Lan usually listen to the play on the radio.
Ba likes sports, especially (play) ..................... football and (swim)......................
Nga sometimes has to go to school very early (do)...................her class duties.
The Y &Y members raise funds by (collect).......................used paper and bottles and broken glasses.
They hope(help).......................other people with their small projects.
It (start)...................raining an hours ago.
I (know).................Lan for some months.
When ..................Nam and Hoa first (meet)........................?
You (play)..........................football tomorrow morning?
-Yes, but Nam(not play)................................He has just hurt his leg.
Hurry! The bus (come).........................I(not want).........................to miss it.
Can you drive a car?
-No, but I (learn)......................................My father (teach)......................me.
Exercise II: Choose the best answer:
My students uniform on Sunday
A. wear	B. wearing	C. to wear	D. are wearing
We ..each other for two years.
A. have know	B. have knew	C. knew	D. have known
Listen! The birds 
A. sing	B. are sing	C. are singing	D. singing
My father ..me to the park once a week.
A. take	B. takes	C. is taking	D. has taken
The children .football in the school yard at the moment.
A. playing	B. are playing	C. to play	D. is playing
Lan is in her room now. She a letter.
A. writes	B. is writing	C. is writing	D. is writes
Jack..no trouble with his English lesson up to now.
A. looked	B. looks	C. has looked	D. was looking
At present, that author .a historical novel.
A. are writing	B. is writing	C. is writing	D. is writes
Yes, I that other fellow’s name now.
A. am remembering	B. remember	C. remembered	D. remembers
Robber.for you since noon.
A. has waited	B. waits	C. is waiting	D. have waited
I hope that you.our wedding.
A. attend	B. will attend	C. attended	D. attends
I’m going to bed. I .for hours and I’m tired.
A. worked	B. have worked	C. works	D. am working
The bees .come out of the hive since six o’clock
A. won’t	B. hasn’t	C. didn’t	D. haven’t
When I see Barbara in the street, she always at me.
A. smiled	B. has smiled	C. was smiling	D. smiles
“You are late”, he said “I think the busalready”
A. went	B. was going	C. has gone	D. goes
She often .that she could ride a bicycle.
A. wishes	B. wished	C. wish	D. wishing	
Meleeat Train Odom at present.
A. studies	B. is studying	C. are studying	D. has studies
He .for the money since last Friday.
A. was waiting	B. waited	C. has waited	D. waits
“Don’t cook a meal for me”, He said” I’ve already”
A. eaten	B. eat	C. eating	D. been eating
He’s been in Bangkok..
A. for two weeks 	B. since two weeks	C. in two weeks	D. two weeks ago
He .to his wife an hour ago.
A. talks	B. has talked	C. talking	D. talked
Harry is working at a bank
A. at the moment	B. since last year	C. a year ago	D. for a year
After having lunch heto his room to have a short rest yesterday.
A. goes	B. has gone	C. went	D. going
It’s an hour since he so he must be at the office now. 
A. is leaving	B. was leaving	C. has left	D. left
A clock ..you the time.
A. tells	B. told	C. is telling	D. has told
She hasn’t written to me.
A. already	B. yet	C. never	D. since
Hedoing the crossword puzzle in the newspaper every day.
A. likes	B. liked	C. is liking	D. has liked
The eggs .taken to the market once a week.
A. is	B. are	C. was	D. were
This is the first time I ..this kind of food.
A. eat	B. am eating	C. has eaten	D. have eaten
Look! A man after the bus. He ..to catch it
A. is running/ is wanting	B. is running/ wants	C. is running/ want	D. runs/ wants
My children .to the zoo every weekend
A. go	B. goes	C. have gone	D. are going
It’s ages since Tom us.
A. has visited	B. visited	C. visits	D. is visited
Ann ..tea very often.
A. doesn’t drink	B. don’t drink	C. didn’t drink	D. hasn’t drink
I ..my son the money for that last week.
A. give	B. gave	C. have given	D. had given
I ..lots about the job so far.
A. have learnt	B. am learning	C. had learnt	D. learnt
Bad driving often many accidents
A. caused	B. cause	C. causes	D. has caused
.a car when they were living in London in 1990?
A. Have they	B. Did they have	C. Were they having 	D. Have they had
Ted.me for weeks.
A. hasn’t phoned	B. didn’t phone	C. isn’t phoning	D. phone
My brother has enjoyed swimming since he ..young.
A. has been	B. was	C. will be	D. will be
The boys .football in the field every evening but yesterday they .basketball instead
A. played/ played	B. played/ play	C. play/ played	D. play/ play
Hurry up, Jane! We all for you.
A. wait	B. are waiting	C. waiting	D. are waiting
I can’t go with you because I ..my lessons yet.
A. didn’t finish	B. am not finishing	C. don’t finish	D. haven’t finished
He for Canada two years ago and I .him since.
A. left/ didn’t see	B. has left/ didn’t see	C. left / don’t see	D. left / haven’t seen	
I.Nick lately.
Yes, he ..into an accident 3 weeks ago. Since that time he .in hospital.
A. didn’t see/got/was	B. haven’t see/got/was	
C. haven’t see/got/ has been	D. haven’t seen / has got/ has been
. It.this week.
A. rained	B. has rained	C. was raining	D. has been having
The rain .but a strong wind is still blowing.
A. stops	B. has stopped	C. stopped	D. is stopping
Look! That man .to open the door of your car.
A. try	B. tried	C. is trying	D. has tried
Patricia.now. Please do not disturb her.
A. is sleeping	B. was sleeping	C. sleeps	D. has slept.
A child can ..easily.
A. remembered	B. remember	C. remembers	D. remembering
I haven’t seen much of you lately. We ..three months ago.
A. meet	B. last met	C. have last met	D. has last met
She at the door before she entered the office.
A. has knocked	B. knocks	C. have knocked	D. had knocked
The boywhen the explosion occurred
A. is sleeping	B. slept	C. was sleeping	D. sleeps
.everything already? Yes, he his part of work long ago.
A. Has he done	B. Did he do/has done	 C. Has he done/ did	D. Did he do/ did
She .this exercise yesterday at 8 o’clock.
A. wrote	B. has written	C. has writing	D. was writing
Ithe article when I come home.
A. translate	B. will translate	C. translated	D. was translating
Her brother in Canada at the moment
A. working	B. works	C. work	D. is working
. Iyou for ages.
A. didn’t meet	B. wasn’t meeting	C. has met	D. haven’t met
We will have supper when you ..home.
A. return	B. returned	C. have returned	D. were returning
The library before I got there.
A. closed	B. has closed	C. had closed	D. have closed
The Olympic Games.every four years.
A. take place	B. took place	C. is taking place	D. will take place
She very angry when she knows this
A. shall be	B. has been	C. was	D. will be
They .to build a new McDonalds in several days.
A. will start	B. have started	C. started	D. starts
last night, I a motorbike along a busy street in the center when I saw some strangers.
A. was rode	B. were riding	C. was riding	D. rode
I ..swim in this river when I was young.
A. used to	B. am use to	C. use to	D. am used to
When you the car, you’ll agree with me about it.
A. saw	B. have been	C. see	D. was seeing
. When I was young, I ..to be a singer.
A. want	B. was wanting	C. wanted	D. had wanted
Ted and Tommy in New York for a week.
A. have gone	B. have been	C. are	D. was
Sorry, I can’t stop now. I’m going the doctor.
A. see	B. seeing	C. to see	D. is seeing
. The books, an English dictionary and a chemistry text, ..on the shelf yesterday.
A. was	B. were	C. have been	D. are
Have you everany skiing?
A. do	B. doing	C. did	D. done
. They .that bridge when I was there last year, they haven’t finished it.
A. are building	B. built	C. was building	D. were building
I ..about you a lot lately and I have come to the conclusion that I won’t be able to live without you.
A. have think	B. have thought	C. thought	D. think	
. They .only 25 new students into the department in 1994.
A. admit	B. were admit	C. admitted	D. have admitted
. The Ajax Shoe Company25 new men next month.
A. employs	B. employed	C. will employ	D. employ
He to the theater three times this month.
A was	B. is	C. will be	D. has been
He..the experiment when the lights went out
A. was making	B. made	C. makes	D. will make	
Think carefully. I’m sure you.his name.
A. remember	B. remembered	C. will remember	D. shall remember
last night we were