Tài liệu ôn thi vào Lớp 10 THPT môn Tiếng Anh

PHẦN A : CÁC CHUYấN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP
Chapter 1: tenses in english
A.The simple present tense: ( Thỡ hiện tại thường )
 	I. The form: ( Cấu trúc) 
- “To be”: am / is / are	
(+) I + am
 She/ He/ It + is
 We/ You/ They + are
(-) I am not
 She/ He/ It + is not (isn’t)
 We/ You/ They + are not (aren’t)
(?) Am I ?
 Is she/ he/ it ?
 Are we/ you/ they?
- Ordinary verbs: ( động từ thường)
(+) I / We/ You/ They + V
 She/ He/ It + V(s, es)
(-) I/ We/ You/ They + don’t + V(infinitive without ‘to’)
 She/ He/ It + doesn’t + V(infinitive without ‘to’)
(?) Do + I/ we/ you/ they + V(infinitive without ‘to’)?
 Does + she/ he/ it + V(infinitive without ‘to’) ?
II. The usage: ( Cỏch sử dụng)
- Được dựng để diễn tả hành động sự việc được lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần, thúi quen hoặc sở thớch. 
Ex: She never comes late
 	 She writes to her mother twice a month
 They like drinking coffee.
- Được dựng để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiờn
Ex: The earth moves around the Sun
 	 Water boils at 1000C
- Để diễn tả thời gian biểu, kế hoạch, dự đoỏn,.
Ex: The train leaves at 9.00
III. Notes: (Chỳ ý) 
 * The recognition: (Dấu hiệu nhận biết) Cú một số từ và cụm từ như: 
- always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/ seldom.
Everyday/ week/ month.,once aweek, twice a year
	* Cỏch thờm ‘s, es’
	- Thờm ‘es’ vào sau cỏc động từ kết thỳc tận cựng: o, ch, sh, s, x.
	- Thờm ‘s’ vào sau cỏc động từ cũn lại
	* Cỏch đọc khi thờm ‘e, es’ 
	- Đọc là /iz/ khi động từ kết thỳc là: ch, sh, s, x
	- Đọc là /s/ khi động từ kết thỳc là: k, p, t
	- Đọc là /z/ với cỏc động từ cũn lại.
Exercise: Dựng động từ trong ngoặc ở thỡ Simple Present
1. Water ( boil ) at 100 0 C.
2. Nam usually ( get ) up at 6.00 ?
3. What you often ( have ) for lunch ?
4. She’ very clever. She ( speak ) 4 languages.
5. Steve ( smoke ) ten cigarettes a day.
6. An insect ( have ) six legs.
7. She often ( visit ) you at weekend ?
8. Mary ( wash ) her teeth twice a day.
9. You often ( watch ) film in the evening ?
10. Mary ( swim ) very well ?
11. She ( not/like ) watching T.V.
12. She ( get ) at 6. o’clock, and ( go ) to school at 7 o’clock.
13. He ( not/ usually/ drive ) to work. He usually ( walk ).
14. Kangaroo ( see ) everywhere in Australia.
15. My father ( drink ) coffee every morning.
16. At Christmas, people often ( decorate ) a tree.
17. It ( not rain ) in the dry season.
18. Nam often ( visit ) you on Sunday ?	- No. He ( visit ) me on Saturday
19. What time she ( finish ) work everyday ?	- She ( finish ) it at 16.00
20. My mother ( take ) Jim to the dentist many times.
21. My little sister ( drink ) milk everyday.
22. Long ( like ) tennis ?	- No. He ( like ) badminton.
23. The Earth ( move ) around the Sun
24. The Sun ( rise ) in the East and ( set ) in the West
25. What you often ( do ) in your free time?
B. The present progressive tense: ( Thỡ hiện tại tiếp diễn )
I. The form:(cấu trúc ) 
(+) I + am + V-ing
 We/ You/ They + are + V-ing
 He/ She/ It + is + V-ing
(-) I + am not + V-ing
 We/ You/ They + are not ( aren’t) + V-ing
 He/ She/ It + is not (isn’t) + V-ing
(?) Am + I + V-ing ?
 Are + we/ you/ they + V-ing ?
 Is + she/ he/ it + V-ing ?
II. The usage: (Cỏch sử dụng) 
a/ Được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động hoặc sự việc đang sảy ra tại thời điểm núi 
 They are watching TV at the moment
b/ Hành động nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết phảI thực sự diễn ra ngay lúc nói.
Ex: I am writing a novel now.
III. Notes: (Chỳ ý )
* The recognition: (Dấu hiệu nhận biết) Cú một số từ và cụm từ như:
- now/ at present/ at this time/ at the moment.
	* Cỏc động từ kết thỳc tận cựng là: ‘e’ ta phải bỏ ‘e’ trước khi thờm ING
	Come - Coming
	* Một số động từ kết thỳc tận cựng là: ‘ie’ phải chuyển thành ‘y’ trước khi thờm đuụi ‘ing’: 
	Lie - Lying
* Nhõn đụi phụ õm cuối khi động từ kết thỳc bằng: Phụ - Nguyờn - Phụ 
( dựng cho động từ một õm tiết, hai õm tiết thỡ trọng õm phải ở õm tiết thứ hai )
( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,)
 * Một số động từ thường hay khụng sử dụng ở dạng hiện tại tiếp diễn: 
be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/( Nếu như thế ta thay thể bằng thỡ hiện tại thường )
Exercise: Dựng động từ trong ngoặc ở thỡ Present Progressive
1. She’s tired. She ( want ) to go home now.
2. Tom ( plant ) the trees in the garden at the moment ?
3. What you ( do ) now ?
4. Listen ! someone ( knock ) on the front door.
5. He ( write ) a novel at present.
6. They ( watch ) T.V at present ?	- No. They ( listen ) to the radio
7. He and I ( play ) soccer at the moment.
8. Tom and I ( be ) busy at the moment.
9. They ( see ) a movie at the moment.
10. We ( want ) to go to school at the moment.
C. The simple future tense:
 I. The form: 
(+) S + will + V (infinitive without ‘to’)
 	(-) S + will not (won’t) + V(infinitive without ‘to’)
 	(?) Will + S + V(infinitive without ‘to’)? 
	 Shall + I/ We + V(infinitive without ‘to’) ?
 II. The usage: (Cỏch sử dụng)
- Để diễn tả hành động sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
	Ex: She will visit me next week
	 Lan and Mai will come here tomorrow.
 III. Notes: (Chỳ ý)
* The recognition: 
- tomorrow, next week/ month/ year/. 
Exercise: Dựng động từ trong ngoặc ở thỡ Simple Future
1. I ( go ) to the zoo tomorrow
2. They ( publish ) a book next year.
3. Where you ( spend ) your holiday next year?
4. I am 13 years old. Next year I ( be ) 14. 
5. You ( not / go ) to the movies next Sunday.
6. It ( take ) Lan 5 minutes to go to school next year
7. Mrs. Lan ( take ) Minh to the dentist next times.
8. He and I ( play ) soccer tomorrow morning.
10. They ( meet ) their friends next Christmas?
11. I (be) twenty years old next June
12. There ( be ) sunny next Sunday
13. You ( do ) the exercises tomorrow evening?
C. Simple past 
I-form(công thức) 
 	 ( + ) S + V(ed/2) + O
 	 ( - ) S + didn’t + V(base form) + O
 ( ? ) Did + S + V(base form)+ O ?
II-uses(cách dùng):
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xỏc định trong quỏ khứ và đó chấm rứt khụng cũn liờn hệ tới hiện tại 
Ex: I called him last night 
III-Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Trong cõu thường xuất hiện cỏc trạnh từ sau thi cõu đú phải chia ở thỡ quỏ khứ đơn giản : yesterday, ago, last , when I was young , when + s + was/were (a) child/children .
D. past progressive: 
I-form(công thức
 ( + ) S + was/ were + V(-ing) + O
 	 ( - ) S + + was/ were + not + V(-ing) + O
 ( ? ) was/ were + S + V(-ing) + O ?
II-uses(cách dùng):
Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động đang xẩy ra tại một thời điểm xỏc định trong quỏ khứ.
Ex: I was watching Tv at 8 last night 
Diễn tả một hành động đang xẩy ra thỡ cú một hành động khỏc xen vào, hành động xen vào đú được chia ở thỡ quỏ khứ đơn giản. Trong cõu thường cú when hoặc while 
Ex: when I was having dinner, he came 
Diễn tả 2 hành động cựng song song xẩy ra 
Ex: while I was watching Tv, my father was reading book 
I.Put the following verbs into three groups:
/id/:
/t/:
/d/:
wanted, played, helped, fitted, liked, watched, visited, looked, needed, remembered, stopped, talked, rented, missed, studied, started, used, learned(v),nacked, changed, stayed, learned(adj),rugged
II.choose the best answer.
1.I (met/was meeting) a friend while I (did/was doing)the shopping.
2.I (turned/was turning) round and (saw/was seeing) Paula.
3.She (wore/was wearing) a bright red coat when I saw her.
4.I (paid/was paying) for my things when I (heard/was hearing) call my name.
5.We(left/was leaving) the cafe and (said/was saying) goodbye.
6.this time last month we (took/were taking) the final test.
7.While we (had/were having) a drink, a waiter (dropped/was dropping) a pile of plates.
8.When I (came/was coming), he (read/was reading) books.
III. correct form of the verbs
1.the doorbell (ring)while Tom (watch) T.V .
2.How fast you(drive)when the accident (happen)
3.Ann and Susan (make).dinn er when Martin (arrive)home.
4.The light (go)out when we (have)dinner, but it (come)on again
 after about ten minutes.
5.It suddenly (begin)to rain while Laura (sit)in the garden.
6.What you(do)this time yesterday?
 I (work)on the computer.
7.It (be)cold when we (leave)the house that day, and a slight snow (fall)
8.When I last (see)them they (try)to find a new house near their work.
9.I (walk)along the street when I suddenly(feel)something hit me in the back. I (not/know)what it was.
10.When we (drive)down the hill, a strange object (appear)in the sky.
11.What (you/do)this time yesterday?I was asleep.
12.When we came, he (read)books.
13.I (see)Sue in town yesterday but she (not see)me.she (look)the other way.
14.I(meet)Tom and Ann at the airport a few week ago.They (go) to Berlin and I (go)to Madrid. We (have)a chat while we(wait) for our flight.
15.I (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man (step )out into the road in front of me.I (go)quite fast but luckly I (manage) to stop in time and (not/hit) him.
16.Jane (wait) for me when I (arrive)
17(you/ go) out last night ?No, I was too tired.
18.John (take)a photograph of me while I (not/look)
19.I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last (see)him , he(try)to find a job in London
20.I (walk)along the street when suddenly I (hear)footsteps behind me. Somebody (follow)me. I was frighted and I (start)to run.
E. present perfect:
I-form(công thức) 
 ( + ) S + Have / Has + V(ed/3) + O
 ( - ) S + Have / Has + not + V(ed/3) + O
 ( ? ) Have/Has + S + V(ed/3) + O ?
II-uses(cách dùng):
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xẩy ra trong quá khứ và còn kéo dài tới hiện tại. Trong câu thường xuất hiện (Since or For)
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xẩy ra trong câu thường xuất hiện (Just)
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã từng xẩy ra trong câu thường xuất hiện (Ever)
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động vẫn chưa xẩy ra trong câu thường xuất hiên (Yet)
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xấy ra trong câu thường xuất hiện(Already)
III-Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Khi trong câu xuất hiện các trạng từ hoặc cụm từ sau thì câu đó phảI ở thị hiện tại hoàn thành: Since,For,Already,yet,ever,recently=lately,so far=up to now,many time = several time, how long ? It’s the first time + present perfect , It’s the most/adjest + ...
Complete the sentences using SINCE or FOR
Linda has been the manage of Timeways travel in London ___three years
I’ve lived in Rome_____I was two
Mr.Woods hasn’t been feeling well ____over a month 
Sally and her boyfriend Peter have been going out together____last winter
I’ve been waiting ____ a few minutes
He’s been in Japan ____ 1986
I haven’t seen you ____ christmas
It hasn’t rained here _____ more than a month
we haven’t bought a new shoes ____ ages
We’ve been here ____ january
It has been raining..................lunch time.
My boss has gone away .............ten days
I haved lived in England...............a year. 
She has lived in London.................1985.
Please hurry up ! We have been waiting .............an hour.
I have known her...............January.
Nam’s father has worked in this company .................20 years.
Have you learned English.........a long time?
I haven’t seen Tom................Monday.
This house is very dirty. Wer haven’t cleaned it .............ages
Put the verb in the correct tense and insert SINCE or FOR
____ the last two years, clothes (be) very dear
Coal (become) dearer ___ the end of last year
I (write) ten letters _____ breakfast
“You (see) my friends lately?” “not ___3 days”
I (not see) him ____ more than a week
“ How long you(wait)?””____half an hour”
That boy (not wash) his face ___ some time
I (not have) a good night’s sleep ____ last week
She (practice) the piano ___ 6.00 
Henry (not have) a holiday ____ the year before last
Put the verbs into the present perfect tense 
I (live) here since 1970
He (study) English for three years 
They (come) here many times
He (already read) these books
She (just visit) us
I (ever see) this cartoon
You (ever talk) to her?
He(have) lunch yet?
We (not see) her parents yet
His sister (work) for this company since 1995
They (build) those building recently
I (not be) successful so far
Up to now he (win) the prize
It’s the second time he (visit) the USA
I (not live) here since he (be) a child
This is the nicest restaurant I (ever see)
The doctor (be) here since 8 o’clock
It (rain) yesterday after it (be) dry for many month
We (already choose) the new person for the job
You (pay) the taxi-driver yet?
Choose the best answer
1.We’ve been here ............last week.
A. since	B. for	C. by	D. from
2.They haven’t seen each other ...........a long time. 
A. since	B. for	C. with	D. about
3.My mother..........in this hospital for 9 years.
A. have worked	B. worked	C. has worked	D. works
4............you had breakfast since 6.00 a. m ?
A. Do	B. Does 	C. Have	D. Has 
5.I have.........her for some years.
A. know	 	B. known	C. knew	D. knowing
6............ have you lived here?
A. When	B. How long 	C. What time	D. What
7.I ...................................my book .I can’t find it anywhere.
A.lost
 B.have lost
C.has lost
D. lose
8.For a long time, the áAo dai................the subject of poems,novels,and songs.
A.were
 B.was
C.have been
D.has been
9.I don’t know Minh.I............................met him.
A.have never
 B.never have
C.haven’t never
D.ever haven’t
10.a teacher.......................he was 20 years old.
A.for 
 B.about
C.at
D.since
Write in correct English
I have lived in Ho Chi Minh city since twenty five years
___________________________________________________________
They haven’t saw such a terrble fire before
___________________________________________________________
the house was cleaned up since we left for Nha Trang
___________________________________________________________
The International Olympic Games continued without interrupt since 1896
___________________________________________________________
We didn’t try hard enough since the second semester
___________________________________________________________
I have known this singer since she has been 16 year old
___________________________________________________________
people enjoyed Beethovan’s music for nearly 200 years
___________________________________________________________
The boy played soccer since 2 o’clock
___________________________________________________________
All my classmates knew each other quite well since they were in grade 6
___________________________________________________________
These dancers performed that ballet qute well many times
___________________________________________________________
When we visited my friends,they had dinner with their children
___________________________________________________________
My father watered the flowers when it was started raining
___________________________________________________________
Lan has met her old friends two days ago
___________________________________________________________
Phong didn’t see that film before
___________________________________________________________
The girls participated in that project twice
___________________________________________________________
people speak English in Australia for a long time
___________________________________________________________
Her father worked in that hospital since he has moved to this city
___________________________________________________________
His sister played piano since she was eight
___________________________________________________________
They didn’t see each other for a long
___________________________________________________________
The girls have finished their project two days ago
___________________________________________________________
Những mẫu cõu quan trọng khi viết lại cõu ở thỡ HTHT & QKĐG
 -to V........ ago
2. S + started / began
 -V_ing......... in, when
 - for........
-> S + have /has + p.p ............
 - since.......
2. This is the first time...+ S + have/has +p.p..........
-> S + have/ has + not + p.p............before.
 In + năm
3. S + last + Ved/ c2 +.......... when + mệnh đề
	 Khoảng thời gian + ago
-> The last time + S + Ved/c2 +.......+ was + in.... / .....ago.
-> It’s + năm / khoảng tg + since + S + V(ed/c2)...........
-> S + haven’t / hasn’t + p.p...........for / since.............
4. when + did + S + V(bare inf)..........?
 -> how long + have/has +S + p.p.......?
 When + did + S + last + V(bare inf).......?
 -> how long is it + Since + S + last + ved/c2.........?
Rewrite sentences so that the meaning stay the same
1. We haven’t been to the concert for over a year .
	The last time 
2. We last saw our grandfather two years ago .
	We haven’t 
3. I have never read such a romantic story .
	This is 
4. It’s nearly twenty years since my father saw my uncle
	My father 
5. he hasn’t been back to his village for over 20 years .
	It’s 
6. The journey to the village was very interesting to the boys .
	We haven’t 
7. The last time we went to a cinema was two years ago .
	We haven’t 
8. The last time we saw him was on Monday .
We
9. The last time I saw David was in 1989 .
I
Chapter 2: wish clause
I - Định nghĩa: Câu ao ước là câu diễn tả một mong ước,một mong ước không có thực hoặc khó có thể xẩy ra.
II – Phân loại: 
Câu ao ước ở hiện tại: Để diễn đạt ước muốn không có thực ở hiện tại người ta dùng thì quá khứ của động từ trong mệnh đề đứng sau wish
S + Wish + S + V(ed/2)/were
I don’t know EnglishốI wish I knew English
He watches this film ố He wish he didn’t watch this film
Câu ao ước ở quá khứ: Dùng để diễn tả ước muốn không có thực ở quá khứ người ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong mệnh đề đứng sau wish
S + Wish + S + had + V(ed/3)
I didn’t have enough money yesterday 
ốI wish I had money yesterday
Câu ao ước ở tương lai : Để diễn tả một ước muốn không có thực ở tương lai 
S + Wish + S + would + V(base form)
I won’t love her 
ốI wish I would love her 
* Note: IF ONLY (Giỏ mà) Cỏch sử dụng giống với WISH
She can’t come tomorrow 
she wish she could come tomorrow
If only she could come tomorrow
III – Cách làm: Đê chuyển câu dưới dạng biểu đạt câu ước muốn ta tiến hành theo các bước sau:
Xác định câu đã cho ở thì nào thì câu ước muốn ở thì đó
Câu đã cho viết ở thức thể nào thì câu ước muốn sẽ ở dạng ngược lại(câu đã cho ở khẳng định thì câu ước muốn ở phủ định và ngược lại)
Đối chiếu công thức của câu ước muốn và hoàn thành câu
Rewrite sentences so that the meaning stay the same
It rain today
We wish ___________________________________________________
She doesn’t join the trip with her classmates
She wishes _________________________________________________
Phong gets bad mark this semester
He wishes __________________________________________________
Thu doesn’t have enough time to do the test
She wishes _________________________________________________
It’s cold and windy
I wish _____________________________________________________
Lan miss the bus to school
She wishes _________________________________________________
I can’t hear that strange noise
I wish _____________________________________________________
They do nothing for their mini-project
They wish __________________________________________________
Hoa and Ba won’t go fishing this weekend
They wish __________________________________________________
Nam’s father doesn’t get the promotion
He wishes__________________________________________________
My team doesn’t win the game
I wish _____________________________________________________
I don’t know how to speak Spanish
I wish _____________________________________________________
The boy is too short to play volleyball
He wishes __________________________________________________
Her little brother can’t swim
He wishes __________________________________________________
Lan never vi