Tài liệu ôn thi học sinh giỏi và THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

REVISION
MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS)
Quy tắc
Ví dụ
Ngoại lệ
1. Từ có 2 vần:
- Thường nhấn ở vần đầu
- Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở vần đầu
- Động từ: nhấn ở vần cuối
Candy, really, active, carrot
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Cadec, divide, possess, guitar, patrol, manure
2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt ngay trước những âm này
Economic, revision, colonial, magnesia, musician, familiar, experience, efficient, allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous
Arithmetic, heretic, appliance, reliance, defiance
3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ 3 từ sau ra trước.
Adventurous, considerate, attitude, capacity, variety, mechanical, astrology, photography, calorimetry, antinomy, democracy
Incarnate, disastrous
4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn ở vần cuối. 
Charade, employee, Vietnamese, engineer, volunteer, taboo, balloon, cigarette, burlesque
Centigrade, committee, overseer
5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu
Blackbird, greenhouse
6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai
Bad-tempered, old-fashioned understand, overflow
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
a. partnership 	b. romantic 	c. actually 	d. attitude
a. believe 	b. marriage 	c. response 	d. maintain
a. summary 	b. different 	c. physical 	d. decision
a. attractiveness 	b. traditional 	c. generation 	d. American
a. attract 	b. person 	c. signal 	d. instance
a. verbal 	b. suppose 	c. even 	d. either
a. example 	b. consider 	c. several 	d. attention
a. situation	b. appropriate 	c. informality 	 	d. entertainment
a. across 	b. simply 	c. common 	d. brother
a. social 	b. meter 	c. notice 	d. begin
a. whistle 	b. table 	c. someone 	d. receive
a. discuss 	b. waving 	c. airport 	d. often
a. sentence 	b. pointing 	c. verbal 	d. attract
a. problem 	b. minute 	c. suppose 	d. dinner
a. general 	b. applicant 	c. usually 	d. October
a. parallel 	b. dependent 	c. educate 	d. primary
a. physical	b. achievement 	c. government 	d. national
a. eleven 	b. history 	c. nursery 	d. different
a. consider 	b. similar 	c. actually 	d. carefully
a. expression 	b. easily 	c. depression 	d. disruptive
a. algebra 	b. musical 	c. politics 	d. apartment
a. mechanic 	b. chemistry 	c. cinema 	d. finally
a. typical 	b. favorite 	c. division 	d. organize
a. computer 	b. establish 	c. business 	d. remember
a. conference 	b. lecturer 	c. reference 	d. researcher
a. powerful 	b. interesting 	c. exciting 	d. difficult
a. memory 	b. exactly 	c. radio 	 d. management
a. requirement 	b. condition 	c. example 	d. previous
a. university 	b. application 	c. technology 	d. entertainment
a. mathematics 	b. engineering 	c. scientific 	d. laboratory
a. certificate 	b. necessary 	c. economy 	d. geography
a. interviewer 	b. preparation 	c. economics 	d. education
a. considerable 	b. information 	c. librarian 	d. technician
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.
/ s /
- Khi đi sau các phụ âm cam (voiceless consonants.: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,/q/,/h/
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...
/ iz /
Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, /t∫/, /∫/, /z/. 
Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge
 Ex: washes , kisses , oranges..
/ z /
- Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days 
EXERCISE 1: 
 A. proofs	B. books	C. points	D. days
 A. sees	B. sports	C. pools	D. trains
 A. tombs	B. lamps	C. brakes	D. invites
 A. books	B. floors	C. combs	D. drums
 A. cats	B. tapes	C. rides	D. cooks	
 A. walks	B. begins	C. helps	D. cuts
 A. shoots	B. grounds	C. concentrates	D. forests
 A. helps	B. laughs	C. cooks	D. finds
 A. hours	B. fathers	C. dreams	D. thinks
 A. beds	B. doors	C. plays	D. students
 A. arms	B. suits	C. chairs	D. boards
 A. boxes	B. classes	C. potatoes	D. finishes
 A. relieves	B. invents	C. buys	D. deals
 A. dreams	B. heals	C. kills	D. tasks
 A. resources 	B. stages 	C. preserves 	D. focuses
 A. carriages 	B. whistles 	C. assures 	D. costumes
 A. offers 	B. mounts 	C. pollens 	D. swords
 A. miles 	B. words 	C. accidents 	D. names
 A. sports 	B. households 	C. minds	D. Plays
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
/ t /
sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,q/, hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch 
Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
/ id /
sau / t/, /d/ .. 
Ex: wanted; decided
/ d /
- Trừ 2 trường hợp trên
Ex: moved; played; 
Ngoại lệ:
- Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,,...
EXERCISE 2:
1. 	A. worked	B. stopped	C. forced	D. wanted
2.	A. kissed	B. helped	C. forced	D. raised
3. 	A. confused	B. faced	C. cried	D. defined
4. 	A. devoted	B. suggested	C. provided	D. wished
5. 	A. catched	B. crashed	C. occupied	D. coughed
6. 	A. agreed	B. missed	C. liked	D. watched
7.	A. measured	B. pleased	C. distinguished	D. managed
8. 	A. wounded	B. routed	C. wasted	D. risked
9. 	A. imprisoned	B. pointed	C. shouted	D. surrounded
10. 	A. failed	B. reached 	C. absored 	D. solved
11. 	A. invited 	B. attended 	C. celebrated 	D. díplayed
12.	A removed 	B. washed 	C. hoped 	D. missed
13. 	A. looked 	B. laughed 	C. moved 	D.stepped
14. 	A. wanted 	B.parked 	C. stopped 	D.watched
15. 	A. laughed 	B. passed 	C. suggested 	D. placed
16. 	A.believed 	B. prepared 	C. involved 	D. liked
17. 	A.lifted 	B. lasted 	C. happened 	D. decided
18. 	A. collected 	B. changed 	C. formed 	D. viewed
19. 	A. walked 	B. entertained 	C. reached 	D. looked
20. 	A.admired 	B. looked 	C. missed 	D. hoped
Verb Tenses
Simple present
I, we, you ,they + V(infinitive)
He, she, it + Vs \ es (ending with : s, sh, ch, x.,o.)
Do / Does + S + V(infinitive) ?
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(infinitive) 
To be : is / am / are 
Always ,usually, often , sometimes , seldom, rarely , never, everyday , every night, 
Present continuous
S + is / am / are + V-ing 
Is / am / are + S + V-ing?
S + is / am /are + not + V-ing
Now, at the moment , at the present 
Present perfect
 S+ have / has + V( past participle )
Have / Has + S + V ( past participle )?
S + haven’t / hasn’t + + V ( past participle )
Up to now, recently ,so far, lately, just, already, never ,ever , for , since , yet , before
Simple past
S + V-ed( 2)
Did + S + V (infinitive) ?
S + didn’t + V (infinitive)
To be : was / were 
Last night ,last week, last year, yesterday , last month, this morning , ..ago, in 1989, when he was young.
Past continuous
S + were / was + V- ing
Were/ Was + S + V-ing ?
S + weren’t / wasn’t + V –ing
When ,as , while 
Past perfect
S + had + V( past participle )
Had + S + V ( past participle )?
S + hadn’t + V( past participle )
Before , after , when , by the time
Simple future
S + will + V(infinitive)
Will + S + V (infinitive)?
S + won’t + V(infinitive)
Next week, next month, next year, 
tomorrow, tonight, in 10 minutes..
Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.
1/ My father (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ His sister (study) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
3/ The students (look) ___________ up that new word now.
4/ Mary (go) __________ to school every day.
5/ They (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
6/ Ms Elen (read) ___________ a newspaper now.
7/ It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now.
8/ Bad students never (study) __________ hard.
9/ He generally (sing) ________ in English, but today he (sing) ________ in Spanish.
10/ We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.
11/ She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market.
12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________.
13/ We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully.
14/ Look. A man (run) ________ after the train. He (want) _______ to catch it.
15/ It (be) __________ very cold now.
16/ John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow.
17/ I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks.
18/ Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums.
19/ Mary (love) __________ ice-cream.
20/ My mother (cook) _______ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) _________ in the morning
21/ I often (leave) __________ the city at weekends.
22/ The guests (watch) __________ the TV programmes now.
23/ I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes.
24/ The sun (set)__________ in the west.
25/ My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night.
26/ Listen. I (hear)___________ someone knocking at the front door.
27/ I (do) ___ an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) _____that I (know) __how to use it now.
28/ Honesty (be) __________ the best policy.
29/ The earth (go) __________ round the sun.
30/ Two and two (make) __________ four.
Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
	1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
	2/ We (watch) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
	3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
	4/ He (read) __________ that novel again last vacation.
	5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
	6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
	7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago.
	8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now.
	9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.
	10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
	11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
	12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
	13/ They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.
	14/ Since when (you know) ___________ her ?
	15/ How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ?
	16/ She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
	17/ My mother (be) ______ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet.
	18/ His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden.
	19/ Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past.
	20/ He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer.
Exercise III : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense.
	1/ I (try) __________ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) _________ yet.
	2/ She (read) _________ all the studys of Dickens. How many (you read) _________?
3/ I (wait) _________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) _______ to come ?
	4/ Mary (rest) __________ in the garden all day because she (be) __________ ill.
5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __________ his degree yet.
	6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) _____ there.
	7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __________ to move.
	8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read) ____ it yet ?
	9/ He (not be) ___________ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) __________ since then.
10/ He (lose) ______ his books. He (look) ________ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) _________yet.
11/ She (study) ___________ so hard this week that she (not have) ___________ time to go to the cinema.
	12/ Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________ for a long time ?
	13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________ cars for six years.
	14/ You look very tired. (You study) __________very hard ?
	15/ The phone (ring) __________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ________ it yet.
Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
	1/ I (be) __________ sorry I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already.
	2/ Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.
	3/ I (have) __________ no trouble with my English lessons up to now.
	4/ Mr. and Mrs. Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.
	5/ Michael (study) __________ 38 hours a week.
	6/ At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.
	7/ George (do) __________ good study in this class so far.
	8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .
	9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.
	10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door.
	11/ How long (you learn) __________ English?
	12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
	13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vietnamese-English dictionary.
	14/ Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University.
	15/ The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days.
	16/ That grandfather clock (stand) ________ there for as long as I can remember.
	17/ That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr. Rice.
	18/ Jim (study) __________ on his report this year.
	19/ Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon.
	20/ That museum (stand) ___________ here for centuries.
Exercise V : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
	1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him.
	2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________.
	3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea.
	4/ When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella.
	5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain.
6/ He (teach) _______ English for 2 months when he (live)______ in Germany and (study) _______ as a journalist
	7/ The house (burn) ________ fast, so we (break) ________ the window to get out.
	8/ He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him.
9/ The servant (drop) _______ two cups while she (wash up) ______ last night; neither of them (break)_______
10/ While he (write) __________ a letter, the telephone (ring) __________; as he (go) __________ to answer it, he (hear) __________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) __________ while he (walk) __________ to the door, but just as he (open) __________ it, it (stop) __________.
Exercise VI : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense.
	1/ They (go) __________ home after they (finish) __________ their study.
	2/ He (do) _________ nothing before he (see) ___________ me.
	3/ He (thank) __________ me for what I (do) __________ for him.
	4/ I (be) __________ sorry that I (hurt) __________ him.
	5/ After they (go) __________ , I (sit) __________ down and (rest) __________.
	6/ When I (arrive)___________, the dinner (already, begin) ______________.
	7/ My friend (not see) _______ me for many years when I (meet) _____ last week.
	8/ He (learn) __________ English before he (leave) __________ for England.
	9/ In England, he soon (remember) __________ all he (learn) __________.
	10/ They (tell) __________ him they (not meet) __________ him before.
	11/ He (ask) __________ why we (come) __________ so early.
	12/ She (say) __________ that she (already, see) ___________ Dr. Rice.
	13/ By the time Bill (get) __________ there, the meeting (start) __________.
14/ When we (arrive) __________ at our place, we (find) __________ that a burglar (break) ____________ in.
	15/ Almost everybody (leave) _______ for home by the time we (arrive) _______.
Exercise XVI_ Give the correct tense and voice or form of the verb in brackets.
	a) Elvis Presley _______ ( be ) born on the eight of January, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi . He _____ (have) a happy childhood for his parents were kind and loving. Their family ______(be) a poor but religious one which was common in the deep south of the United States. Elvis regularly sang at church services and _______(surround) by music from an early age.
	As a child, Elvis entered several music contests and was so good that he ______(win) almost every competition He _______(leave) school in 1953 and studyed as a cinema usher and a truck driver..
	Elvis's talent _________ (discover) by Sam Phillip, the owner of a record company _______ (call) Sun Records. However, it was Colonel Tom Parker who made Elvis famous worldwide.
	b) Jane and Felix _______(get) married one Saturday in March. They had met only one week earlier at a party and _______(fall) in love. Jane ______(ring) and told her parents her news after the wedding, when Flex _______(move) into her flat. Her parents _______(be) surprised and angry because she_____(not tell) them about the wedding.
GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
GERUND : ( danh ñoäng töø ) ( V + ING )
	1. Subject of a sentence (chủ từ) 	
	 Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting .
	2. Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be 
 	Ex : My hobby is fishing .
	3. After Prepositions (sau giới từ) 
	 	Ex : She is interested in learning English . 
	4. After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund
Admit (thừa nhận, coâng nhận), avoid ( traùnh, neù), appreciate (đánh giá cao), defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trì hoaõn, ®×nh l¹i), deny( choái), detest/ dislike( khoâng thích,khoâng öa), discuss (th¶o luËn), consider( xem xeùt, cöùu xeùt), enjoy (thöôûng thöùc, höôûng), escape (trèn tho¸t), finish (hoaøn taát, laøm xong), give up/ quit: töø boû, thoâi), imagine (töôûng töôïng), keep( giöõ), not mind ( khoâng phieàn), miss (lì), practise ( thöïc haønh), suggest( ñeà nghò), prevent (ngăn cản/), can’t help( không thể kìm được)), can’t stand (không thể chịu được), resist (kháng cự), cease (ngừng) .etc.
I always avoid making noise in class.
Have you finished writing the report ?
Anne practised playing the piano at an early age
I don’t mind doing a lot of homework.
He can’t stand working ten hours a day.
When did you give up smoking, Bill ?
2. Verbs + to - Infinitive
Agree ( ñoàng yù,nhaát trí), afford, appear ( xuaát hieän), arrange( saép xeáp,thu xeáp), attempt( coá gaéng), ask ( ñoøi hoûi,yeâu caàu), choose ( choïn, löïa), decide ( quyeát ñònh), demand ( ra leänh), expect ( mong,troâng ngoùng), fail ( hoûng,khoâng thaønh coâng,(thi) rôùt), happen (xaûy ra) , hope ( hy voïng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sôû, töï lo ñöôïc), offer ( daâng ,taëng), plan ( keá hoaïch, döï tính), pretend ( giaû vôø), promise (höùa heïn), refuse ( töø choái), seem ( coù veû nhö, döôøng nhö), threaten ( ñe doïa), want, wish ( ao öôùc), would like ( muốn), intend (có), tend (có xu hướng), claim (tuyên bố), desire (mong muốn), hope, hesitate (do dự) etc.
I decide to study engineering at University
She’s expecting to get a reply from the company. 
Do you agree to join us for the holyday ?
Mary learned to swim when she was young
We can’t afford to build a new house.
Bob refused to lend me his car.
You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday. 
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE .( In some sentences, both forms are correct ). 
 I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind.( wait ) for you.
My father gave up .( smoke ) three years ago.
Would you mind ..( keep ) silent ? I’m trying ( study ).
I always try to avoid( borrow ) money from my friends.
The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ..( get ) to school on time.
Could you please stop .( make ) so much noise ?
I’ve put off ( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
Sarah gave up ( try ) to find a job in this country and decided( go ) abroad.
You can’t stop me ..( do ) what I want.
They don’t have much money. They can’t afford( go ) out very often.
My mother can’t stand( stay ) at home without doing anything.
How long have you been able(swim), John ?
 You must promise.( not / be ) late again.
When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help( laugh).
They refused..( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly.
Please, don’t forget( post ) the letter for me t