Tài liệu ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT môn Tiếng anh - Nguyễn Vũ Yến Phương

Chapter 1: TENSES
Thì & coâng thöùc
Daáu hieäu nhaän bieát 
Caùch duøng 
Ghi chuù
1. Thì hieän taïi ñôn: 
(Simple present) 
Khaúng ñònh: 
S + V0 /Vs / es 
Phuû ñònh : 
S +don’t / doesn’t + V0
Nghi vaán: 
Do / Does + S + V0 ?
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân:
 - always , usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never, consequently,
- once a week, twice a year,
- everyday, every year 
- Dieãn taû 1 thoùi quen, 1 haønh ñoäng laëp ñi, laëp laïi nhieàu laàn (thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân trong caâu)
- Dieãn taû 1 söï thaät, 1 chaân lí bao giôø cuõng ñuùng (thöôøng khoâng coù traïng töø, yeâu caàu hs phaûi hieåu nghóa cuûa caâu) 
@ Caùch phaùt aâm s / es: 
/ iz /
/ s /
/ z /
- laø nhöõng ñoäng töø taän cuøng coù caùc chöõ: s, z, x, sh, ch, g, 
- laø nhöõng ñoäng töø taän cuøng coù caùc chöõ: p , t, k, gh, th
- caùc tröôøng hôïp coøn laïi
- Ñoái vôùi ñoäng töø “to be”: am / is / are 
- Ñoái vôùi ñoäng töø “to have”: coù 2 hình thöùc: 
 @ I / you / we / they / .. + have
 @ He / she / It / .. + has
- Löu yù caùch theâm vaø phaùt aâm s / es
 @ Caùch theâm s / es
V + es
V + s
- Caùc ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø: o, ch, s, x, z, sh vaø y à i + es
- Caùc tröôøng hôïp coøn laïi theâm s
2. Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn: 
(Present progressive)
S + am / is / are + V- ing
S + am/is/are + not + V-ing
Is / Are + S + V-ing ? 
* Döïavaøo caùc traïng töø: now, right now, at the moment, at present
* Caùc cuïm töø baét ñaàu nhö moät lôøi yeâu caàu, caûnh baùo : Listen! / Look! / Be careful! / Don’t make noise! 
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra ôû hieän taïi hoaëc ngay luùc noùi (thöôøng xuaát hieän caùc traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân) 
- Ñoâi khi thì naøy coøn duøng vôùi traïng töø always ñeå dieãn taû moät söï than phieàn veà moät vaán ñeàà gì ñoù
@ Löu yù caùch theâm ing vaøo ñoäng töø: 
- Ñoäng töø taän cuøng coù e à boû e theâm ing
- Ñt taän cuøng coù 1 phuï aâm vaø 2 nguyeân aâm hoaëc 2 nguyeân aâm vaø 1 phuï aâm à giöõ nguyeân ñt roài theâm ing.
- Ñt taän cuøng coù 1 phu ïaâm vaø 1 nguyeân aâm daáu nhaán ôû vaàn thöù 1à giöõ nguyeân theâm ing (Neáu daáu nhaán ôû vaàn 2 à gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm cuoái roài theâm ing )
- Ñt taän cuøng laø ay, uy, ey à ñeå nguyeân theâm ing (neáu taän cuøng coù 1 nguyeân aâm vaø y à bieán y thaønh i roài theâm ing) 
3. Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh
(Present perfect)
S + has / have + V3 / ed
S + has / have + not + V3 / ed
Has / Have + S + V3 / ed ? 
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø: 
- Xuaát hieän giöõa have vaø V3 / ed : already, just, ever, never (.. before)
- Xuaát hieän ôû cuoái caâu: yet, recently, lately, so far, up to now, several / many times, till, until, today, this morning / month; hoaëc vôùi for + 1 khoaûng thôøi gian vaø since + 1 ñieåm thôøi gian / S + V2/ed
- Xuaát hieän ôû ñaàu caâu: 
 This is the first time
 It is the second time 
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng dieãn ra khoâng coù thôøi gian xaùc ñònh(y/c hs hieåu nghóa cuûa caâu ñeå phaân bieät vôùi caùch dieãn taû moät chaân lí cuûa thì hieän taïi ñôn) 
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra hoaëc chöa xaûy ra
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng chöa töøng (never) hoaëc ñaõ töøng (ever) xaûy ra tröôùc ñoù
- Dieãn taûmoät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra trong quaù khöù nhöng vaãn coøn ôû hieän taïi vaø caû trong töông lai
* Löu yù: 
- Ñoái vôùi thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh ñoøi hoûi hs : 
 @ Phaûi naém ñöôïc ñoäng töø coù qui taéc (theâm ED) vaø ñoäng töø baát qui taéc.
 @ Thay ñoåi ñoäng töø have theo chuû töø soá nhieàu (have) vaø chuû töø soá ít (has) 
 @ Ñoái vôùi caâu coù since : 
S + have / has + V3 / ed + since + S + V2 / ed
4. Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn 
( present perfect progressive)
S + has / have + been + Ving
S + has / have + not+ been + Ving
Has / Have + S + been + Ving? 
- Dieãn taûmoät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra trong quaù khöù nhöng vaãn coøn keùo daøi ñeán töông lai
- Dieãn taû moät söï vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra vaø ñeå laïi haäu quaû
5. Thì quaù khöù ñôn 
(Simple past)
* Ñoäng töø thöôøng: 
S + V2 / ed
S + did + not + V0
Did + S + V0 ? 
* To be : 
S + was / were
S + was / were + not ..
Was / Were + S + ? 
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø: 
yesterday, ago, last week, vaø caùc thôøi gian trong quaù khöù
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoängñaõ xaûy ra vaø hoaøn toaøn keát thuùc trong quaù khöù
- Söû duïng ôû daïng caâu keå 
Löu yù: 
 - Hoïc thuoäc loøng ñoäng töø baát qui taéc (V2)
 - Bieát caùch theâm ED vaøo ñoäng töø ñoái vôùi ñoäng töø coù qui taéc (Ved) 
 @ Caùch theâm ED: haàu heat caùc ñoängtöø khi theâm ED ñeàu gioáng nhö theâm ING 
 @ Caùch phaùt aâm ED : coù 3 caùch
/ id /
/ t /
/ d /
Ñoäng töø taäncuøng coù caùc chöõ: t , d 
Ñoäng töø taäncuøng coù caùc chöõ : ph , ch , sh , k , gh , c , f , p , x , s
Caùc tröôøng hôïp coøn laïi
6. Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn
(Past progressive)
S + was / were + Ving
S + was / were + not + Ving 
Was / Were + S + Ving ? 
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø: 
At ( 7o’clock ) yesterday / last week
At this / that time last year
- Dieãn taûmoät haønh ñoäng ñaõ ñang xaûy ra taïi moät thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong quaù khöù
- Dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng dieãn ra trong 1 khoaûng thôøi gian xaùc ñònh ôû quaù khöù (from  to)
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra trong quaù khöù baát chôït coù 1 haønh ñoäng khaùc xen vaøo (chia ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn, coù lieân töø WHEN)
- Dieãn taû 2 haønh ñoäng xaûy ra song song vôùi nhau (coù lieân töø WHILE)
7. Thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh : 
(Past perfect)
S + had + V3 / ed
S + had + not + V3 / ed
Had + S + V3 / ed ? 
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø: 
after, before, when
- Dieãn taûmoät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc 1 haønh ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù
Löu yù: 
AFTER + S + HAD + V3 / ED , S + V2 / ED
BEFORE + S + V2/ED , S + HAD + V3 / ED
WHEN + S + V2 / ED , S + HAD + V3 / ED
8. Thì töông lai ñôn: 
(Simple future)
S + will + V0 
S + won’t + V0 ..
Will + S + V0 ? 
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø: 
tomorrow, next week / month , someday vaø caùc traïng töø khaùc trong töông lai 
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng söï vieäc seõ xaûy ra trong töông lai
Löu yù: 
Taát caû caùc chuû töø ñeàu coù theå duøng vôùi WILL nhöng chuû töø I / WE coøn coù theå duøng vôùi SHALL / SHAN’T
9. Thì töông lai gaàn: 
(The near future) 
S + be going to + V0 
S + be + not + going to + V0 
Be + S + going to + V0 ? 
Töông töï thì töông lai ñôn
- Dieãn taû moät döï ñònh cho töông lai vaø döï ñònh ñoù ñaõ ñöôïc suy xeùt can thaän 
10. Thì töông lai tieáp dieãn:
S + will + be + Ving 
S + won’t + be + Ving ..
Will + S + be + Ving ? 
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng seõ ñang dieãn ra taïi 1 thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong töông lai
11. Thì töông lai hoaøn thaønh: 
(Future perfect)
S + will + been + V3 / ed 
S + won’t + been + V3/ed ..
Will + S + been + V3/ ed ? 
* Döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø: 
- By the time + S + V0 / Vs / es
- By the end of  + N
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng seõ ñöôïc hoaøn thaønh tröôùc 1 haønh ñoäng khaùc trong töông lai
- Dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng seõ hoaøn thaønh tröôùc 1 thôøi gian nhaát ñònh trong töông lai
Chapter 2: PASSIVE VOICE
Coâng thöùc chung cuûa theå bò ñoäng: S(O) + Be + V3 / ed + traïng töø chæ nôi choán + By O (S) + traïng töø chæ thôøi gian 
THÌ 
Active voice
Passive voice
GHI CHUÙ
1. Hieän taïi ñôn :
S + V0 / VS / ES + O
S( O ) + is, are, am + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
- S ßà (by) O
 I 1 ( by) me 
 You 1 (by) you
 We 1 (by) us
They 1 (by) them 
 He 1 (by) him
 She 1 (by) her
 It 1 (by) it 
 Someone 1 (by) 
 someone 
People 1 (by) 
 People 
(caùc tuùc töø treân (by + O) coù theå boû khi ñoåi sang caâu passive voice)
Rieâng caùc chuû töø (S) nhö teân rieâng chæ ngöôøi, vaät, söï vaät, söï vieäc thì khi ñoåi sang caâu Passive voice khoâng theå boû ñi maø phaûi chuyeån thaønh O ñi sau giôùi töø By
S + do / does + not + V0 + O
S( O ) + is, are, am + not + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + do / does + S + V0 + O?
(WH) + is, are + S( O ) + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + Vs / es + O
S( O ) + am / is / are + not + V3 / ed 
2. Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn 
S + am / is / are + Ving + O
S( O ) + is, are, am + being + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + am / is / are + not + Ving + O
S( O ) + is, are, am + not + being + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + is / are + S + Ving + O ? 
(WH) + is, are + S( O ) + being + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + is + Ving + O 
S( O ) + am / is / are + not + being + V3 / ed 
3. Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh
S + has / have + V3 / ed + O
S( O ) + has / have + been + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + has / have + not + V3 / ed + O
S( O ) + has / have + not + been + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + has / have + S + V3/ ed + O ? 
(WH) + has / have + S( O ) + been + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + has + V3 / ed + O 
S( O ) + have / has + not + been + V3 / ed 
4. Thì quaù khöù ñôn
S + V2/ ED + O
S( O ) + was / were + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + did + not + V0 + O
S( O ) + was / were + not + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + did + S + V0 + O?
(WH) + was / were + S( O ) + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + V2 / ed + O
S( O ) + was / were + not + V3 / ed 
5. Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn
S + was / were + Ving + O
S( O ) + was / were + being + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + was / were + not + Ving + O
S( O ) + was / were + not + being + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + was / were + S + Ving + O ? 
(WH) + was / were + S( O ) + being + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + was + Ving + O 
S( O ) + was / were + not + being + V3 / ed 
6. Thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh
S + had + V3 / ed + O
S( O ) + had + been + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + had + not + V3 / ed + O
S( O ) + had + not + been + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + had + S + V3/ ed + O ? 
(WH) + had + S( O ) + been + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + had + V3 / ed + O 
S( O ) + had + not + been + V3 / ed 
7. Thì töông lai ñôn 
S + will / shall + V0 + O
S( O ) + will + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + won’t / shan’t + V0 + O
S( O ) + won’t / shan’t + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + will + S + V0 + O?
(WH) + will + S( O ) + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + won’t + V0 + O
S( O ) + will / shall + not + be + V3 / ed 
8. Töông lai gaàn
S + am / is / are going to + V0 + O
S( O ) + is, are, am going to + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + am / is/ are + not +going to + V0 + O
S( O ) + is, are, am + not + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + is / are + S + going to + V0?
(WH) + is, are + S( O ) + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + is going to + V0 + O
S( O ) + am / is / are + not + V3 / ed 
9. Modal verbs
S + Modal verbs + V0 + O
S( O ) + Modal verbs + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
Modal verbs: can / could / should / would / may / must 
S + Modal verbs + not + V0 + O 
S( O ) + Modal vebs + not + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
(WH) + Modal verbs + S + V0 + O ? 
(WH) + Modal vebs + S( O ) + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )?
Noone + Modal verbs + V0 + O
S( O ) + Modal verbs + not + be + V3 / ed 
10. have / has to
S + have / has to + V0 +O 
S( O ) + have / has to + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
S + don’t / doesn’t + have to + V0 + O 
S( O ) + don’t / doesn’t + have to+ be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
Noone + has to + V0 + O 
S( O ) + don’t / doesn’t + have to + be + V3 / ed 
11. used to
S + used to + V0 + O 
S( O ) + used to + be + V(3,ed) + by O( S )
CAÁU TRUÙC PHÖÙC TAÏP COÙ: THÔØI GIAN & NÔI CHOÁN:
S + BE + V3 + ADV (PLACE) + BY OBJECT + ADV(TIME)
Chapter 3: REPORTED SPEECH
Loaïi caâu
Caâu tröïc tieáp
Caâu töôøng thuaät
1. Caâu phaùt bieåu 
S1+ said to O1, “S + V + O”
S1+ said that + S + V + O
 coù thay ñoåi 
2. Caâu hoûi Yes / No 
S1+ asked+ O1, “Trôï ñoäng töø + S + V0 + O?”
S1+ asked + IF + S + V + O
 coù thay ñoåi
3. Caâu hoûi vôùi vaán töø (what, how..)
S1+ asked+ O1,“Wh- + Trôï ñoäng töø + S + V0 + O?”
S1+ asked Wh- + S + V0 + O
 coù thay ñoåi
4. Caâu meänh leänh khaúng ñònh
S1+ told + O1,“V0 .”
S1+ told + O + to + V.
5. Caâu meänh leänh phuû ñònh 
S1+ told + O1,“DON’T + V0 .”
S1+ told + O + NOT + TO –V
6. Caâu lôøi khuyeân 
S1+ told + O1,“S + should + V0 .”
S1+ told + S + should + V0
 coù thay ñoåi
* Caùc thay ñoåi trong caâu töôøng thuaät: 
	1. Thay ñoåi veà chuû töø: “ I / WE” à Ñoåi theo ngöôøi noùi S1
	 “YOU” à Ñoåi theo ngöôøi nghe O1
	2. Thay ñoåi veà tuùc töø; “ME / US” à Ñoåi theo ngöôøi noùi S1
	 “YOU” à Ñoåi theo ngöôøi nghe O1
	3. Thay ñoåi veà tính töø sôû höõu: “ MY / OUR” à Ñoåi theo ngöôøi noùi S1
	 “YOUR” à Ñoåi theo ngöôøi nghe O1
1.Chuû töø trong caâu tröïc tieáp (“S”)
Chuû töø trong caâu töôøng thuaät (S)
2. Tuùc töø trong caâu tröïc tieáp (“O”)
Tuùc töø trong caâu töôøng thuaät (O)
3. Tính töø sôû höõu trong caâu tröïc tieáp
Tính töø sôû höõu trong caâu töôøng thuaät 
I
He; she
Me
Him / her
My
His / her
We
They
us
Them
Our
Their
You
I / he / she/ we /they
You
Me/ him / her/ us them
Your
My / his / her / our / their
	4. Thay ñoåi caùc traïng töø: 
Caâu tröïc tieáp
Caâu töôøng thuaät
Caâu tröïc tieáp
Caâu töôøng thuaät
now
then 
to day
that day
next week
the next week
the following week
tomorrow
the next day 
the following day
tonight
that night
here
there
this 
that
these
those
	5. Thay ñoåi ñoäng töø “V”: 
Caâu tröïc tieáp
Caâu töôøng thuaät
Caâu tröïc tieáp
Caâu töôøng thuaät
 “am / is / are”
was / were
“V0 / S / ES”
V2/ED
 “am / is / are + VING”
was / were + VING
“will + V0”
would + V0
“have / has + V3 / ed” 
had + V3 / ed 
“had + V3 / ed”
had + V3 / ed
 “can + V0”
could + V0
“may + V0”
might + V0
 “must / have to + V0”
had to + V0
 “should + V0”
 “ought to+V0”
should +V0
ought to + V0
Chapter 4: TAG QUESTIONS
Caâu phaùt bieåu 
Caâu hoûi ñuoâi 
Caâu phaùt bieåu 
Caâu hoûi ñuoâi 
S + V0 / V S / ES .. , 
S + don’t / doesn’t + V0 ,
don’t/ doesn’t + S?
do / does + S ?
S + are / is .., 
S + aren’t/ isn’t,
aren’t / isn’t + S?
are / is + S? 
I + am.., 
I + am not ., 
AREN’T +I?
AM +I ?
S + was / were .., 
S + wasn’t / weren’t .., 
wasn’t / weren’t + S?
was / were + S ?
S + V2 / ED  , 
S + didn’t + V0., 
didn’t + S?
did + S ?
S + have / has + V3/ED , 
S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ED ,
haven’t / hasn’t + S?
have / has + S?
S + had + V+3 / ed  , 
hadn’t + S?
S + hadn’t + V+3 / ed  , 
had + S?
S + will + V0  , 
S + won’t + V0  , 
won’t + S ?
will + S ?
S+ can / may.. + V0 ,
S+ can’t/ mayn’t +V0
can’t / mayn’t + S?
can / may + S ?
S + have to / has to +V0 ,
don’t / doesn’t+S?
Let’s + V0  , 
shall we?
V0 . , 
Don’t + V0 .
will you? 
won’t you ?
There + is / are .., 
There + isn’t / aren’t  , 
isn’t / aren’t + there?
is / are + there?
* Caùc chuû töø trong caâu hoûi ñuoâi luoân laø: HE , SHE , I , YOU, WE, THEY, IT.
Caâu phaùt bieåu 
Caâu hoûi ñuoâi 
Caâu phaùt bieåu 
Caâu hoûi ñuoâi 
Caâu phaùt bieåu 
Caâu hoûi ñuoâi 
Teân ngöôøi nam à he ?
Teân ngöôøi vaø I à we?
Teân ngöôøi nöõ à she? 
This / that à it? 
Teân hai ngöôøi à they ?
These / those à they ?
Someone à they ?
Somebody à they?
Noone à they?
Nobody à they?
Anyone à they?
Anybody à they?
Something à it?
Nothing à it?
Anything à it?
* Löu yù: 
	Khi trong caây coù caùc traïng töø: seldom, hardly, never, rarely ; nobody/ no one / nothing (töông ñöông yù phuû ñònh) è trong phaàn caâu hoûi ñuoâi luoân ôû theå khaúng ñònh
	Ex: Lan rarely goes to school on time, does she?
 Nobody likes the meeting, do they?
Chapter 5: WISH SENTENCES
Wish : ao öôùc 
Sau Wish ta duøng moät meänh ñeà chæ moät ñieàu ao öôùc moät ñieàu khoâng coù thaät.
Coù 3 loaïi caâu sau Wish ñöôïc duøng ñeå chæ söï ao öôùc ôû töông lai, hieän taïi vaø quaù khöù.
 Future wish ( ao öôùc ôû töông lai )
a) Formation
S + wish + S + would / could + V
Ex : 	I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow
b) Signs: 
 _ Tonight , tomorrow , next , some day , soon , again , in the future
 Present Wish : ( ao öôùc ôû hieän taïi)
a) Formation
 S + wish + S + V_ed /2
 be : were
Ex : 	I wish I had a new bicycle
 	I wish I were a doctor
b) Signs: 
- Today, often ,every day, now , rightnow, at present 
 Past Wish : ( ao öôùc ôû quaù khöù )
a) Formation
S + wish + S + had + V3 / ed
	Ex: 	I wish they had known the truth yesterday.
b) Signs: - Yesterday , last , ago , this morning 
Chapter 6: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(MEÄNH ÑEÀ VÔÙI IF)
Caâu ñieàu kieän bao goàm 2 meänh ñeà : meänh ñeà chính ( main clause ) vaø meänh ñeà phuï ( dependent clause ) baét ñaàu baèng If hoaëc Unless (neáu khoâng, tröø khi ) hay coøn ñöôïc goïi laø meänh ñeà ñieàu kieän ( conditional clause / If clause )
Coù 3 loaïi caâu ñieàu kieän : 
 Possible condition : ( ñieàu kieän coù theå xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai ) .
 * Formation
If + S + V ( HTÑ ) + , S + will / shall	 + V
can/may 
 have to / must
should / ought to
Ex : 	If I have time , I will help you .
 Present Unreal condition : ( ñieàu kieän khoâng thaät ôû hieän taïi )
 * Formation
If + S + V2 / ED , S + would / should / could/ might + V
be: were 
Ex : 	If I had time , I would help you .
 Past unreal condition : ( ñieàu kieän khoâng thaät ôû quaù khöù )
 * Formation:
If + S + V ( QKHT) , S + would / should / could / might + have + P.P
	Ex : 	If I had had time , I would have helped you .
* Notes : ( ghi chuù )
+ Meänh ñeà ñieàu kieän coù theå ñi vôùi caâu meänh leänh , yeâu caàu ôû caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi I.
	Ex : 	If you meet him , please phone me.
+ Caâu ñieàu kieän phuû ñònh “ If  not “ ta coù theå thay baèng Unless vaø caâu ñieàu kieän ñöôïc dieãn taû baèng Or cuõng ñöôïc thay theá baèng Unless .
Ex : 1 / If you don’t study hard , you’ll fail in the exam.
	à Unless you study hard , you’ll fail in the exam.
	2/ Study hard or you will fail in the exam.
	à Unless you study hard , you will fail in the exam.
 * Khi ta ñoåi moät caâu ñieàu kieän vôùi “ If” sang “ Unless” , ta theo coâng thöùc sau :
 If_ clause 	 Unless.
Phuû ñònh	 Khaúng ñònh ( meänh ñeà chính khoâng ñoåi )
Khaúng ñònh	 Khaúng ñònh ( ñoåi ñoäng töø trong meänh ñeà chính sang theå ngöôïc laïi).
 	Ex: 1/ If it doesn’t rain , I will go to the movies.
	à Unless it rains , I will go to the movies.
	2/ If I have money , I will buy a motorcycle.
Unless I have money , I will not buy a motorcycle.
+ Provided ( that ) , On condition ( that ) , As long as , So long as ( mieãn laø , vôùi ñieàu kieän laø ) ; suppose , supposing ( giaû söû nhö ) , In case ( trong tröôøng hôïp ), Even if ( ngay caû khi , duø cho )  coù theå duøng thay cho If trong caâu ñieàu kieän.
	 Ex : In case I forget , please remind me of my promise.
Chapter 7: RELATIVE PRONOUNS
(MEÄNH ÑEÀ QUAN HEÄ VÔÙI )
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE - Meänh ñeà tính ngöõ hay RELATIVE PRONOUNS - Ñaïi töø quan heä
CAÙCH DUØNG CAÙC RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SUBJECT
(Chuû töø)
OBJECT
(Tuùc töø)
POSSESSION
(Sôû höõu)
FOR PERSONS
(Ngöôøi)
WHO
WHOM
WHOSE
THINGS,
ANIMALS
(Vaät, con vaät)
WHICH
WHICH
WHOSE
(OF WHICH)
1. WHO:
Thay theá cho danh töø hoaëc cuïm danh töø chæ ngöôøi vaø laøm chuû töø trong caâu phía sau:
Ví duï 1: (Ñaây laø ngöôøi ñaøn oâng . Ngöôøi ñaøn oâng laø thaày cuûa toâi)
 This is a man. The man is my teacher. àThis is the man WHO is my teacher.
Ví duï 2: (Ngöôøi ñaøn oâng maø ñeán ñaây hoâm qu laø thaày cuûa toâi.)
 The man WHO came here yesterday is my teacher.
2. WHOM:
Thay theá cho danh töø hoaëc cuïm töø chæ cgöôøi vaø laøm tuùc töø trong caâu phía sau:
Ví duï 1: (Ñaây laø ngöôøi ñaøn oâng . Baïn gaëp oâng aáy hoâm qua)
 This is a man. You met him yesterday. àThis is the man WHOM you met yesterday.
Ví duï 2:
 The man is my father. You saw the man yesterday. àThe man WHOM you saw yesterday is my father.
3. WHICH:
Thay theá cho danh töø chæ thuù vaät , söï vieäc, vaät vaø laøm chuû töø laãn tuùc töø trong caâu phía sau.
Ví duï 1: 
 This is a dog. The dog is very big. àThis is the dog WHICH is very big.
Ví duï 2:
 The dog is very big. The dog stands at the front gate. àThe dog WHICH stands at the front gate is very big.
Ví duï 3:
 This is a book . You gave me the book yesterday. àThis is the book WHICH