Tài liệu ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Đỗ Bình

TOPIC 1: FRIENDSHIP
A. VOCABULARY:
1. unselfishness [,ʌn'selfi∫nis] (n) tính
 khơng ích kỹ 
2. unselfish [,ʌn'selfi∫] (a) 
3. constancy ['kɔnstənsi](n) sự bền lịng 
4. loyalty ['lɔiəlti] (n) lịng trung thành 
5. trust [trʌst] (n) lịng tin, sự tin cậy 
6. sympathy ['simpəθi] (n) sự thơng cảm 
7. acquaintance [ə'kweintəns] (n) quen biết 
8. mutual ['mju:tjuəl] (a) lẫn nhau, chung 
9. suspicion [sə'spi∫n] (n) sự nghi ngờ 
10. give- and- take (n) quan hệ cho và nhận
11. incapable of [in'keipəbl] (a) khơng thể 
12. medium ['mi:diəm] (a) trung bình, vừa 
13. oval ['ouvəl] (a) trái xoan
14. crooked ['krukid] (a) quập, cong 
15. hospitable ['hɔspitəbl] (a) hiếu khách
16. generous ['dʒenərəs] (a) hào phĩng 
17. modest ['mɔdist] (a) khiêm tốn 
18. honest ['ɔnist] (a) thật thà, hiền lành 
19. humorous ['hju:mərəs] (a) hài hước 
20. sense of humour (exp) tính hài hước
21. studious ['stju:diəs] (a) chăm chỉ 
22. apartment buiding (exp) chung cư
23. favourite ['feivərit] (a) được ưa thích
B. GRAMMAR: INFINITIVES
1. Infinitive with to (động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ “to”) Sau một số động từ dưới đây:
1. would like / would love / want : muốn
2. be able / enable : cĩ thể
3. hope : hy vọng
4. wish : ao ước
4. decide : quyết định
6. hesitate: do dự
7. intend : dự định
8. refuse: từ chối
9. seem: dường như
10. become : trở thành
11. agree/ disagree : đồng ý/ khơng đồng ý
12. appear: cĩ vẻ như, xuất hiện
13. fail: thất bại
14. threaten: đe dọa
15. afford: cĩ khả năng
16. plan: vạch kế hoạch
17. manage: xoay sở
18. arrange: sắp xếp
19. promise: hứa
20. attempt: cố gắng
21. tend: cĩ xu hướng
22. learn: học
23. offer: cho
24. ask: hỏi, yêu cầu
25. order: ra lệnh
26. invite: mời
27.warn: cảnh báo
- Hoặc theo sau các cấu trúc như ví dụ dưới đây: Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, how, where, when, whether Eg. The teacher explained how to use the computer.
- Sau cấu trúc: It’s + adj + to V Eg. It is fun to go to the cinema
2. Infinitive without to (động từ nguyên mẫu khơng “to”) Trong các trường hợp sau:
- Sau khiếm khuyết động từ (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must ...)
Ex. She can speak English very well
- Sau động từ: make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, Ex. He saw them arrive home late.
C. PRACTICE TEST
I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
A. machine	B. change	C. teacher	D. choose
A. condition	B. option	C. suggestion	D. relation
A. believe	B. readily	C. friend	D. pleasure 
A. good 	B. gossip	C. game	D. geometry
A. trust 	B. mutual	C. number	D. uncertain
II. Choose the one word or phrase - A, B, B, or D - that best completes the sentences or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
It was so relaxing to be ________ old friends.
A. in 	B. between 	C. among 	D. around
She's made friends________ a little girl who lives next door.
A. to 	B. of 	C. by 	D. with
The children seem to be totally capable ________ working by themselves.
A. on 	B. of 	C. in	D. for
Your friendship should be based on ________ trust.
A. basic 	B. fragile 	 C. mutual	D. blind
The company expects ________ from its employees.
A. constancy 	B. quality 	C. interest	D. loyalty
I've got lots of ________, but only a few are really good friends
A. close friends 	B. acquaintances 	C. neighbors 	D. partners
Friendship is a two-sided ________, it lives by give-and-take.
A. affair 	B. event 	C. aspect 	D. feature
Unselfishness is the very essence of friendship.
A. romantic part 	B. important part 	C. difficult part 	D. interesting part
They ________ a close friendship at university.
A. created 	B. became	C. promoted 	D. formed
We stayed friends even after we ________ and left home.
A. brought up 	B. turned up 	C. grew up 	D. took up
III. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C, or D -that best completes the sentence.
He finds it ________ lasting friendships.
A. difficult to make B. difficulty in making	C. is difficult to make 	D. difficult making
You ________ any friends if you ________ talking like that.
A. will win/ carry on 	B. won't win/ carry on
C. wouldn't win/ carried on 	D. would have won/ had carried on
The aim of the culture festival is ________ friendship between the two countries
A. promote 	B. promoting 	C. to promote 	D. being promoted
People he ________ turned out to be only fair-weather friends.
A. trusted 	B. has trusted 	C. was trusting 	D. had trusted
How can you let such a silly incident ________ your friendship? 
A. wreck 	B. to wreck 	C. wrecking 	D. that wrecks
It has become necessary ________ water in the metropolitan area because of the severe drought.
A. rationing 	B. ration 	C. to ration 	D. to have rationed
All the passengers were made ________ their seat belts during the turbulence. 
A. buckle 	B. to buckle 	C. buckling 	D. for buckling.
________ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream.
A. Make 	B. Making 	C. To make 	D. For make
I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend. 
A. to let me to borrow 	B. to let me borrow C. let me borrow 	D. let me to borrow
They ________ good friends, but they've fallen out recently.
A. used to be 	B. would be 	C. were 	D. are
IV. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be corrected.
Whatever happened, I didn't want to lose friendship of Vera. 
 A. happened 	B. didn't want 	C. to lose 	D. of
The basic aims of science and magic are very similar - to understand and to control nature. 
A. aims of 	B. similar 	C. to understand 	D. to control
It was a period of her life when she made some lifelong friendship. 
 A. a period of 	B. made 	C. lifelong 	D. friendship
Simon finds it hard for making friends with other children. 
A. finds 	B. it hard 	C. for making 	D. with
Not longer are contributions to the advancement of industry made primarily by individuals.
 A. Not longer 	B. are contributions C. advancement 	D. made
V. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
terms words came pieces touch change last experience talk accent get make
Meeting old school friends again can be a strange (31)___________. Some have changed so much that you can hardly recognise them: they speak with a different (32)___________, are interested in different things and all you can do is make small (33)___________ and hope they'll go soon. Others, though you might have been out of (34)___________ with them for years, are just the same as they always were - it's as if you (35)___________ saw them yesterday. 
Before you know it, you're exchanging (36)___________ about your families and friends, and setting out the (37)___________ for another game of chess. A few change for the better. There's one person that I (38)___________ on with very well now, though we weren't on speaking (39)___________ for our last two years at school. One day, we met at a party and made it up and (40)___________ engaged the same evening.
VI. Read the passage, then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
The proverb 'A friend in need is a friend indeed.' means that we shall know who our real friends are when we are in need. Those who desert us when we are in difficulty are just unfaithful friends.
 A true friend would remain with us whether we are rich or poor. Some people be friend the rich, simply for the sake of getting benefits from them.
It is useless to have insincere friends because these friends remain with us as long as we are rich or powerful. It is better to have one or two good friends rather than having hundreds of insincere ones. 
A true friend will stand by us in our trials and tribulations. He will be a great source of consolation and comfort in our troubles. So we must be careful in choosing our friends. It is difficult to choose a sincere friend overnight; it takes years for us to find a sincere friend.
Real friends share everything we need.	
Unfaithful friends stop being our friends when we are in trouble.	
A rich friend is always a true friend.	
A true friend is always loyal to us and support us through our difficulties. 
It's not worth having a lot of friends.	
It may take a lot of time to find a real friend.	
VII. From the words or phrases - A, B, C or D, choose the one that best completes the sentence.
________the promotion of health and to helping people avoid injury and disease.
A. To commit the Red Cross 	B. The Red Cross to commit
C. Committed to the Red Cross is	D. The Red Cross is committed to
It is possible ________ may assist some tree in saving water in the winter.
A. the leaves are lost 	B. when leaves have lost C. that the loss of leaves D. to lose leaves
It can sometimes ________a home.
A. to take months to sell 	B. take several months to sell
C. selling takes several months 	D. to sell taking several months
Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and___________.
A. so do their children B. neither did the children C. also the children D. so did their children
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TOPIC 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
A. VOCABULARY:
1. glance at [glɑ:ns] (v) liếc
2. make a fuss (exp) làm ầm ĩ
3. embarrassing [im'bỉrəsiη] (adj) ngượng
4. idol ['aidl] (n) thần tượng
5. sneaky ['sni:ki] (adj) lén lút 
6. experience [iks'piəriəns] (n) kinh nghiệm
7. affect [ə'fekt] (v) làm ảnh hưởng
8. travel ['trỉvl] (v) đi du lịch
9. fail an exam (v) thi rớt 
10. appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] (v) đánh giá cao
11. serious ['siəriəs] (n) nghiêm trọng 
12. attitude ['ỉtitju:d] (n) thái độ
13. imagine [i'mỉdʒin] (v) tưởng tượng
14. cottage ['kɔtidʒ] (n) nhà tranh 
15. embrace [im'breis] (v) ơm 
16. escape [is'keip] (v) thốt khỏi 
17. memorable ['memərəbl] (a) đáng nhớ 
18. scream [skri:m] (v) la hét 
19. protect [prə'tekt] (v) bảo vệ 
20. rescue ['reskju:] (v) cứu nguy, cứu hộ 
21. appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] (v) trân trọng 
22. imitate ['imiteit] (v) bắt chước 
23. turn away (v) quay đi, bỏ đi 
24. wad [wɔd] (n) nắm tiền 
25. set off (v) lên đường 
B. GRAMMAR: TENSES
 I. The present tenses: Các thì hiện tại
1. The simple present tense: Thì hiện tại thường
1.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo
( + ) S - V
( - ) S - don’t/ doesn’t – V
( ? ) Do/ Does - S - V?
1.2. The usage: Trường hợp sử dụng
- To denote actions that happened repeatedly. Diễn tả những hành động được lặp đi lặp lại, thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất như: always, usually, often, sometimes, etc.
e.g.	She never comes late.	They walk to school every day.
 - To denote long lasting events. Diễn tả hành động tồn tại lâu dài như một điều tất yếu.
e.g. 	We live in Concord street.	He works for a factory near his house.
- To denote a true fact. Diễn tả những sự thật hiển nhiên.
e.g.	The earth moves around the Sun.	The Sun rises in the east.
1.3. The recognition: Các dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì này là các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và tần suất như sau: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/ - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/ - the proof of constant truth.
1.4. Notes: Chú ý
- To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/ Thì Hiện tại thường cịn dùng để diễn tả một kế hoạch, dự đốn,hay thời gian biểu như:
e.g.	A: When does the first train leave?	B: It leaves at 9.00. 
- The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,
2. The present progressive tense: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
2.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo
( + ) S - am/ are/ is - V-ING 
( - ) S - am/ are/ is - not - V-ING
( ? ) Am/ Are/ Is - S - V-ING?
2.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- To denote happening actions at the time of speaking. Diễn tả những hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nĩi, thường đi với các trạng từ: now, right now, at the moment, at this time, etc.
e.g.	She is teaching Maths now. He is watching a football match at the moment.
- To denote the interruption/ intention/ prediction/ plan/ Diễn tả những dự kiến, 
e.g.	She is coming soon. (In fact, she has not come yet). Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
2.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì này căn cứ vào các trạng từ sau:
- now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/
	e.g.	Right now, they are working in the factory.
- follow a command, request, 	e.g.	Be quiet! I am trying to listen to the news.
2.4. Notes: Điểm cần lưu ý
- The ING-forms – Gấp đơi phụ âm cuối khi tạo present participles với các động từ sau: getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,)
	e.g.	She is running in the park now.
- The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as - một số động từ khơng dùng cho thì hiện tại tiếp diễn như: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/(use the simple present instead - mà thay vào đĩ ta dùng thì hiện tại thường để diễn tả).
3. The present perfect tense: Thì hiện tại hồn thành
3.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo 
( + ) S - have/ has - P.P
( - ) S - haven’t/ hasn’t - P.P
( ? ) Have/ Has - S - P.P?
3.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- Actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at present.
e.g.	We have lived here since 1990. They have learned English for 5 years.
- To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just”. 
e.g.	She has just come from New York. They have just bought a new house.
- To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet”. 
e.g. 	He hasn’t come yet. Have you met him yet?
- To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already”. 
e.g.	We have already seen that film. She has already been to Paris.
3.3. The recognition: 
- just/ recently/ lately. - ever/ never (comments) e.g. We haven’t gone to the theatre recently.
- already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present).
e.g.	He has written ten books so far.
3.4. Notes: 	- Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”)
- The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense.
4. The present perfect progressive tense: Thì hiện tại hồn thành tiếp diễn
4.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo 
( + ) S - had - been - V-ing
( - ) S - had not (hadn’t) - been - V-ing
( ? ) Had - S - been - V-ing?
4.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- Actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at present. 
e.g. 	We have been living here since 1990. They have been learning English for 6 years now.
4.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết since/ for/ with verbs as: live, work, wait,
e.g.	She has been waiting for 6 hours now. They have been playing since 3 o’clock.
II. The past tenses: các thì quá khứ
1. The simple past tense: Thì quá khứ đơn
1.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo (p.V = the past form of verbs)
( +) S – p.V
( - ) S - didn’t – V
( ? ) Did - S - V?
1.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng
- To denote a finished past action. 
e.g.	We went to the park together.	He gave her mother a ten-dollar note.
- To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past. 
e.g.	She did all the work yesterday. We used to sit next to each other.
1.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- last week/ month/ year/ e.g. He had 5 bad marks last month. They got married last year.
- yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/
e.g.	Long long ago, there lived a couple by the sea. Man first discovered AIDS in 1981.
1.4. Notes: Những điểm cần lưu ý
- The past form of the verbs: (regular “V-ED”/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list)) 
- “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/. 
2. The past progressive tense: Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
2.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo
( + ) S - was/ were - V-ING
( - ) S - was/ were - not - V-ING
( ? ) Was/ Were - S - V-ING?
2.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote past happening actions. 
e.g. 	She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night. 	Ann was walking to school at 6.00 yesterday.
- To denote past interrupting actions. 
e.g. 	She was watching T.V when I came. While he was playing on the swing, it started to rain.
2.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/
	e.g. 	At 3.00 yesterday, the Jones were driving home. He was sleeping at that time.
- time clause with “when”, “while = as”.
	e.g.	As I was walking home, a stranger stopped me to ask for help.
2.4. Notes: Những điểm cần lưu ý actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only. 
e.g. When I heard a knock at the door, I came to open it. When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)
3. The past perfect tense: Thì quá khứ hồn thành
3.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo
( + ) S - had - P.P (P2)
( - ) S - had not (hadn’t) - P.P (P2)
( ? ) Had - S - P.P (P2)?
3.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense). 
e.g: 	She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday. 
3.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/
e.g.	Before he left for home, he had turned all the lights off.
- The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING”
4. The past perfect progressive tense: Thì quá khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn
4.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo
( + ) S - had - been - V-ing 
( - ) S - had not (hadn’t) - been - V-ing
( ? ) Had - S - been - V-ing?
4.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past tense). 
e.g: 	She had been waiting for us since 9.00 yesterday. 
4.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/
	e.g.	After he had been waiting for a while, he felt annoyed.
- The past perfect progressive “S - had been - V-ING”
III. The future tenses: các thì tương lai
1. The simple future tense: thì tương lai thường
1.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo 
( + ) S - will/ shall - V
 ( - ) S + will/ shall – V
( ? ) Will/ Shall - S - V?
 - “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses.
 - The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t”.
1.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote future actions. 
e.g.	They will build more hospitals. We shall go to your party.
- To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/
e.g.	The car will start in-time. We shall finish the course in June.
1.3. The recognition: Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- someday, tomorrow,/ 	e.g.	She will be rich someday. 
- next week/ month/ year/.. 	e.g.	He won’t leave next month. 
1.4. Notes: Điểm cần lưu ý “shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “ shall” is used as a 	suggestion/ invitation/. 	e.g.	A: Shall we meet tonight? B: Yes, let’s.
2. The future progressive tense: thì tương lai tiếp diễn
2.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo 
( + ) S - will be - V-ING
( - ) S - won’t be - V-ING
( ? ) Will - S - be - V-ING?
2.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/ using “at”.
 e.g: 	She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight.
We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s morning.
- To show the future happening actions with “when”. 
e.g. 	She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow.
3. The future perfect tense: thì tương lai hồn thành
3.1. The form: Cơng thức cấu tạo 
( + ) S - will have - P.P (P2)
( - ) S - won’t have - P.P (P2)
( ? ) Will - S + have - P.P?
3.2. The usage: Cách sử dụng - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by then”.
e.g: 	She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then.
- To show a future schedule-finished action. 
e.g: 	The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn.
3.3. Other forms: Các hình thức diễn đạt tương lai khác
 a. The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a planThì hiện tại thường diễn tả kế hoạch, dự định, thời gian biểu, 
e.g: 	A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight. (He doesn’t leave in fact)
b. The present progressive: To denote an intention. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn cĩ cách 
	diễn đạt tương lai tương tự thì hiện