Tài liệu luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Phần 1: Các chuyên đề về ngữ pháp

PHẦN 1 – CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ VỀ NGỮ PHÁP
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1- TO BE VERBS
To be	 => 	am, is, are
I. Công thức Thì Hiện Tại Đơn của động từ TO BE: 
a. Form: 
Possitive 	(+) 	I 	+ 	am(Tôi là.)
	She, He, It, (DTs/it)	+	is .
 You, We, They,(DTsn) 	+ 	are 
Negative	(-) 	I 	+ 	am not/ ‘m not (Tôi không phải là)
	She, He, It, (DTs/it)	+	is not / isn’t ..
 You, We, They,(DTsn) 	+ 	are not / aren’t ..
 Interrogative (?) 	Am + I  ? ( Có phải tôi là? 	
	Is	+ 	She, He, It, (DTs/it)	.	?
 Are	+ 	You, We, They,(DTsn) ..?	
II.Exercises
 Ex1: Supply the correct form of the Verbs.
This (be)  my friend , Lan .
She (be) nice ?
They (not be). students.
He (be). fine today.
My brother (not be ) ..a doctor.
You (be) Nga ? Yes, I (be)..
The children (be). in their class now.
They (be). workers ? – No, They (not be)
Her name (be). Linh.
How you (be) ? – We (be) fine, thanks.
How old you (be) .. ?
 You (be).. fine
This (be) Phong ?
He ( not be) a doctor
They (not be). teachers.
Ex-2.
VD: I (be)___am_____ a teacher.
I (be) ______fine. Thank you.
How old (be)________you? I (be)________eleven years old.
_____(be) you a teacher? No, I(not be)_______ . I’m a doctor.
Hoa (be)______ a student . She (be)________in grade six.
Hoa and Tam (not be)________ in class 6A . They (be)_____in class 6C.
My father (be)_______ an engineer. He (be) _______forty years old.
My sister (not be ) _______a nurse . She (be) _______a student.
My brother (be) ______ ten years old . He is a student.
______(be) she a nurse? No, she ( not be)______. She is a doctor.
 Lan’s brothers (be)________doctors. They live in Ha Noi.
Ex-3.
VD: What (be)__is__ your name? My name (be)__is___ Nam
What (be)________this? It(be)________an eraser.
What (be) ________that? That is a desk.
Who (be) ________this? It’s Miss Nhung. 
Where(be)________your classroom? – It’s on the fist floor.
How many students (be)_____ there in your school? There (be)_____500.
Which grade(be)_______you in? I (be)______in grade 6.
You and I (be)________in grade 7. We (be) ______in class 7A1.
Which class (be)______ Lan in? She (be)______in 6A2.
How old (be)_______your father? He (be) _______eleven years old.
 The students in my class( be) _______ small.
Ex-3. Em hãy chuyển những câu sau sang câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn.
VD: 	(+) Nam is a student in my class.
	(-)Nam is not/ isn’t a student in my class.
	(?) Is Nam a student in your class?
He is eleven years old.
// 	
She is a doctor.
// 	
They are students in Dong Thinh school.
// 	
Nam is my brother. 
// 	
Hoa is my sister.
// 	
There s one door in my class.
// 	
There are twenty seven students in my class.
// 	
Her name is Linh.
// 	
I’m an engineer.
// 	
Those are his pens.
// 	
 Ex4: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu phủ định và nghi vấn rồi trả lời YES hoặc NO.
That is a pen.
VD: That is not(isn’t) a pen. // Is that a pen? – Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.
The book is on the table.
// 	
Nam and Ba are very well.
// 	
He is a doctor.
// 	
The children are good students.
...
Thu is pretty.
// 	
She is in her classroom.
// 	
They are tall.
// 	
It is hot.
// 	
My name is Lan.
// 	
 Ex5: Dùng từ gợi ý sau để đặt câu hoàn chỉnh.
My mother / be / tall. 	 
What / be / his name /?	
The children / be / fine. 	
 The children / be / good students.	
Her name / not be / Hung. 	
 Where / he / be / from / ? 	
Nga / be / a new student / ? 	
 This / be / my father.	
You / be / Hoa / ? 	
 How / you / be / today / ? 	
Ex6: Correct mistakes. Em hãy sửa lỗi trong câu sau
How old you are? 
...
I’m fiveteen years old.
...
My name are Linh.
...
We am fine , thank you.
...
I’m Hanh and I am is fine. 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG- TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU
A. Grammar: ( Ngữ pháp)
NGÔI
ĐTNX
TTSH
1
I tôi
We chúng tôi 
My Của tôi
Our Của chúng tôi
2.
You bạn/ các bạn
Your Của bạn/ các bạn
3
They họ , chúng nó
She cô/chị/bà ấy
He anh /ông ấy
It nó
Their Của họ/ chúng nó
Her Của chị/cô/bà ấy
His Của anh/ông ấy
Its Của nó
1. Vị trí và chức năng của ĐTNX và TTSH
a/ ĐTNX đứng đầu câu làm Chủ Ngữ trong câu, thay thế cho D Từ riêng trong giao tiếp.
DV : -I am a student in class 6A 1.
	- Nga is a student in my class.She is twelve years old.
	- Lan is a student. She is eleven years old.
	- Nam is in my class. He is eleven years old.
	- My mother and father are inn the living room. They are teachers.
	- Hoa and I are in class 6A1. We live in Dong Thinh.
	- This is my sister. She is twelve ears old.
	- This is my school. It is new.
b/ TTSH luôn đứng trước danh từ.
VD:	-My name is Ba , I’m eleven years old. 
 Ttsh dt
	- This is my teacher. Her name is Lan.
B. Practice
Ex1. Em hãy dùng các ĐTNX để thay thế cho tên riêng hoặc D từ trong những câu sau bằng cách trọn 1 ĐTNX thích hợp trong ngoặc và điền vào ô trống.
1/ My name is Ba. ________ am eleven years old. 	( I, You, She, He)
2/ This is Miss Hoa . _______ is a teacher.	( I, You, She, He)
3/ That is Mr. Hung . ________is an engineer.	( I, You, She, He)
4/ Mai is my classmate. _____lives in a house in Dong Thinh. 	( I, You, She, He)
5/ This is my brother, Tuan. _______is a student in class 6A3. 	( I, You, She, He)
6/ My sister is eight years old._______ is a student , too.	( I, You, She, He)
7/ My mother and father are farmers. ________are forty.	( We, You, She, They)
8/ My sister and I are students. __________are in class 6A 4.	( It , You, She, He)
9/ This is his pencil. _________is on the table.	( It , You, She, He)
10/ What is your name? Where do _________live?	( They, You, She, He)
Ex2. Em hãy điền vào ô trống bằng một TTSH thích hợp bằng cách trọn 1 trong những phương án tron ngoặc.
1/ I am Nam and this is ________school.	( your, my, her, his)
2/ Hoa is a student and this is ___________desk.	 	( your, my, her, his)
3/ Nam and Nga eleven years old . They live in Song Lo . This is _________ school. ( your, my, their,our)
4/ My sister is fifteen. _________name is Mai.	( your, my, her, its)
4/What is her name? _______ name is Hoa.	( your, my, her, his)
5/ What is your name? ________ name is Nam. 	( your, my, her, his)
6/ My brother is nineteen years old. ______name is Long.	( your, my, her, his)
7/ My father is an engineer. This is ______ pen.	( your, my, her, his)
8/ We are in _____________living room.	 	 ( your, my, their, our)
9/ There four people in my family : my father is Tuan , my mother is Lien and these are my two brothers .____manes are Tung and Ba.	( Their, Our, His, Your)
10/ How do you spell _________mane? N-A- M, Nam. 	( your, my, her, his)
Ex3. Em hãy hoàn thành đoạn văn sau đây bằng cách dùng ĐTNX và TTSH thích hợp.
	I am Na and this is _____ family: my father, my mother, my brother and me. My father is forty years old. ________is a teacher . _______name is Minh. My mother is thirty- five years old. ________is a teacher, too. ________ name is Hoa. This is my brother. ___________name is Long. ________ is twelve. _______is a student in class 7A1. Now we are ___________ in our living room.
Ex4. Em hãy điền ( I, we, you, she, he, it, they, my, our, your, her, his, its, their ) vào ô trống thích hơp trong mỗi câu sau.	
1. I’m Tom. This is _______sister. _____name is Maria. _________is a doctor.
2. This is Mr. Tan and this is ________ classroom.
3. Mr. and Mrs Ha are in my house. _________are teachers.
4. My name is Thuy, there are four people in _____________family.
5. What is this? ___________is a couch.
6. How old are _____, Linh and Lan? _____________are thirteen years old.
7. What are those? ______________are rulers.
8. Where do ___________live ? I live in Viet Nam.
9. Are you a teacher? Yes, _________am
10. They are Nam and Tuan . _____________houses are big.( to/lớn)
EX5. Put a suitable personal pronoun / possessive pronouns into the blanks.
1........ am Thu. This is ........ brother. .... name is Hai. ...... is a teacher.
2. Mr. and Mrs Brown are in ..... livingroom. ..... are teachers.There are three 4 people in ...... family.
3.What’s this? ............... is a pen.
4....... name is Nga. ....... is ...... sister. What is ..... name , Lan?
5..... friends and I are students. ............... are good students. And these are ....... teachers.
6. What’s ... telephone number, Lan? .... telephone number is 0398572000
Ex6: Put a suitable possesive pronouns into the blanks
What’s your mother’s name ? - ......... name is Xuan.
Is ......... name Mai? Yes, it’s Mai.
He is a student and .......... name is Binh.
They are engineers and .... names are Tuan and Hoang
Are those my sister’s erasers? Yes. They are ............ erasers.
Nam is here. And that’s ................ book.
Is this Hoa’s pen? Yes. It is ....................... pen.
I’m a doctor. ....................... name is Minh.
Lan is here and those are .. bags.
How old is Ba’s father? .................. father is forty years old.
Ex7. Complete the open dialogue.
Minh: ................., Hoa.
Hoa: Hi,Minh .............. ........... you?
Minh: ........... .............. fine, thank ....... ................. ........?
Hoa: Fine. ............. 
Minh How ......... ........ you?
Hoa: ............. eleven ............. ....................
Minh: What’s ........... ........... ................... ?
Hoa: It’s ....................................................
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3- ARTICLES – MẠO TỪ (A / AN / THE)
A. GRAMMAR
I. Mạo từ a/ an: Mạo từ được đặt trước danh từ để nói về danh từ đó. 
Có 2 loại mạo từ : mạo từ bất định và mạo từ xác định. Trong bài này ta nghiên cứu mạo từ bất định A/ AN.
a/ an được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số ít với nghĩa chung. hoặc có nghĩa là một -1
“ A” được dùng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm.
Vd: 	a door	a doctor
	a window	a nurse
	a teacher	a student
 “AN” được dùng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm. ( A.E.I.O.U= UE OAI)
VD: 	an apple- (quả táo)	an orange (quả cam)
	an eraser	an umbrella (cái ô)
	an ink- pot (lọ mực)	an engineer 
II. ARTICLE “THE”. Mạo từ xác định “THE”.
Mạo từ xác định “THE”được dùng với:
1. Các DT được nhắc lại.
VD:	 	I have a pen and a pencil. 	The pen is short but the pencil is long.
2. Với những DT đã được xác định, cả người nói và người nghe đều biết.
VD: 	Where is your mother? 	She is in the kitchen.
3. Các DT chỉ vật duy nhất như: 
	The earth 	– trái đất
	The moon	- mặt trăng
	The sun	- mặt trời.
	The Red river	- Sông Hồng
B. PRACTICE
Ex1. Em hãy điền MỘT mạo từ thích hợp “a/an/the hoặc O ” vào ô trống.
1. Our house has_______ living room and _____three bad rooms.
2. There is _____LG television and ______ armchair in my living room.
3. _____living room is big and beautiful.
4. She lives in ____house in Ho Chi Minh City.
5. Nam has _____ eraser and two pencils.
6. There is _____ eight o’clock train every morning.
7. She brushes ________her teeth at 6.00 every morning.
8. There are five _______windows in my classroom.
9. It is ______small house.
10. My father is _____engineer . 
Ex2: Put a suitable article(a / an / the or 0) where necessary.
This is_________ classroom. We are in____________ classroom.
There is __________board on _____wall. _____picture of _____uncle Ho is on _____ wall.
There is______ old chair at _______ table.
Mr Minh is_______ engineer and _______ his friend is _________ doctor.
That is ______ eraser and this is _________ pen.
These are _______ oranges and that is__________ apple.
7. Is this _________ umbrella ?
8. I live on _________ PDP street. He lives in__________ city.
9. That is ________ Susan. She is ____________ student.
10. I live in ___________ house, but this isn’t my _________________ house.
Ex3: Put a suitable article(a / an / the or 0) where necessary.
1. This is _____________ eraser and that is ___________ruler.
2. –These are __________ couches. –Are they your __________ couches?
3 –Is this ________ book? –No, it’s __________ notebook.
4 Hello, I’m_________ David Clark. I’m ___________doctor.
5 There is ____________ armchair in __________ my living room.
6 There are ___________ three books on ___________desk.
7 –Is that ________ your waste basket? –No, it’s ________her waste basket.
8 How many ____________ chairs are there in ___________ the house?
9. This is __________umbrella. It is new.
10. My sister is studying at _______________university in Ha Noi.
Ex4 : Make questions for underlined words.
We’re very well, thanks. 	=> .. 
I’m twelve years old. => .. 
My telephone number is 039 857 862 => .. 
My name’s Nga. 	=> .. 
5. We live on Nguyen Du Street..	=> .. 
6. I live in a house.	=> .. 
7. I live at 32 Ly Tu Trong Street.	=> .. 
8. H-o-a, Hoa .	=> .. 
9. That is an eraser.	=> .. 
10.This is a book. 	=> .. 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 04
Plural Nouns + Pronunciation
DANH TỪ SỐ NHIỀU VÀ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM.
1. THÊM "S" vào danh từ số ít để chuyển thành số nhiều. 
Thí dụ:
DTST---------------------------------------------DTSN
a bee = con ong 	bees (2 con ong trở lên)
a computer = máy vi tính 	computers (2 máy vi tính trở lên)
a duck = con vịt 	ducks (2 con vịt trở lên)
an apple = trái táo 	apples (2 trái táo trở lên)
a table = cái bàn 	tables(2 cái bàn trở lên)
a chair = cái ghế 	chairs	
A house = căn nhà 	houses
a street = con đường 	streets
2, THÊM "ES" vào những danh từ có từ tận cùng bằng CH, SH, S, X, Z.
Thí dụ:
 Số ít -----------------------------------------------------------Số nhiều 
a couch	couches
a fish	fishes
a class	classes
a box	boxes
a quiz	quizzes 
3, Những danh từ tận cùng là Y trước “Y” là một phụ âm : ĐỔI “Y” thành “I” và THÊM "ES". Thí dụ:
A family	two families
a butterfly	 = 1 con bướm 	two butterflies = 2 con bướm
one baby	 = 1 em bé 	two babies 	= 2 em bé
one lady	 = 1 người phụ nữ 	two ladies 	= 2 người phụ nữ 
Lưu ý: KEY = chìa khóa, tận cùng bằng nguyên âm E và Y nên không áp dụng quy tắc này mà chỉ thêm S vào thành KEYS.
4, Những danh từ tận cùng là “O”, trước “O”là một phụ âm : THÊM 	“ES”. 
Thí dụ
a potato	 	= củ khoai tây 	potatoes
a tomato	 = trái cà chua 	tomatoes
* Lưu ý: quy tắc này có những trường hợp ngoại lệ chỉ có cách phải nhớ , 
 thí dụ như: PIANO ->PIANOS, PHOTO ->PHOTOS...
5, Những danh từ tận cùng bằng F, FE, Đổi F hoặc FE thành “V”+ ES. 
VD: 	a bookshelf	-> bookshelves 
a wife	= 1 người vợ 	-> two wives 
NGOÀI NHỮNG DANH TỪ THEO QUY TẮC TRÊN, CÓ NHIỀU DANH TỪ KHÔNG THEO QUY TẮC . 
VD. 	A person	= 1 người	-> people
	A child	= đứa trẻ, đứa con	-> children
	A man	= người, người đàn ông	-> men
	A woman	= người đàn bà	-> women
	A tooth	= cái răng	-> teeth
	A foot	= bàn chân	-> feet
	A louse	= con chấy	-> lice
	A goose	= con ngỗng	-> geese
	A mouse	con chuột	-> mice
	A sheep	= con cừu	-> sheep
6. Notice:
Số ít
Số nhiều
Am / is
This
That
I
He/ She
→ Are
→ These
→ Those
→ We
→ They
7. Cách đọc “S/ES” 
	- S /ES:	- được đọc là /s/ khi từ đó có tận cùng là : f, p, t, k
	- được đọc là /iz/ khi từ đó có tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, ce, ge, z
 - được đọc là /z / khi từ đó có tận cùng là các chữ cái còn lại.
PRACTICE
Ex1. Em hãy tìm 1 từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại.
1. A he	B she	C we	D hello
2. A mother	B brother 	C morning	D come
3. A their 	B these	C there	D chair
4. A stereo	B doctor	C window	D open
5. A school	B bench	C teacher	D couch
6. A stand up	B lamp	C family	D name
7. A television	B good night	C five	D fine
8. A students	B books	C chairs	D lamps
9. A nurses	B tables 	C benches	D classes
10. A teachers	B mothers	C fathers	D streets
11. A mother	B father	C thanks	D brother
12. A door	B room	C afternoon	D school
Ex . Em hãy chuyển những danh từ sau sang hình thức số nhiều rồi sắp xếp chúng vào các cột phát âm thích hợp của đuôi “S/ES”
Ex : book- books, read- reads , watch- watches
	books	reads	watches
a worker..................	a door	..................	a window..................	 a clock..................	
a book	..................	a bag..................	a desk	..................	a school..................	
a ruler	..................	an eraser..................	a house..................	a pen	..................
a pencil..................	a desk	..................	a classroom..................	a street..................	
a student	a teacheran engineer.	a chair
a bookshelf	a doctor	a nurse	a brother..
a couch..	a watch.a bench.	a lamp.
A table.	A stool..a telephone.. a stereo..
a televisionan orange a bus a plane
a family..a citya country.	a baby.
a car a motorbike.. a bike..	a kite..
/S/- f, p, t, k
/IZ/- ch, sh, s, x, ce, ge, z
/Z/
books	
watches
reads	
Ex3: Write the questions from the following answers
.?
I live in HCM City. 
.?
My name’s David. 
.?
No. That’s my classroom. 
.?
Yes. This is my pen
..?
These are windows. 
6. ?
I am twelve years old.
7.. ?
 H – O – A
8..?
 It is an eraser.
9.. ?
No. That is my teacher. .
10?
 They’re counches.
Ex4: Put a suitable preposition
1. Stand ............ 2. Sit ............................ 	3. Come ...............
4. I live ..........a Street. 	5. I live ............... a house . 	6. I live ....... VN.
7. I live ..... Le Loi Street. 8. I live ........ 326 Tran Phu Street. 
9. I live ..... HCMC. 	10. What’s this ............. English?
 Ex5: Change these sentences into plural sentences
This is an armchair.  
 I am a student...
It is a couch. . 
 There is a lake near the house..
What is this? It’s a stereo..
What is that ? It’s a bookshelf..
That is an eraser. .............................................................................................. 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 05
QUESTION WORDS AND SOME STRUCTURES – VẤN TỪ VÀ 1 SỐ CẤU TRÚC
A. Grammar.
Một số câu hỏi thường gặp từ bài 1 đến bài 5.
1.Cách hỏi địa chỉ:
	Form: 	Where + do + you/we/ they + live? 
 does + she/he/it + live ?
	=>	What is + TTSH + (address?: địa chỉ)
	Ex :	- Where do you live? 	=> What is your address?
	I live on Tran Phu street in Ha Noi.
	- Where does she live?	=> What is her address?
	She lives in a house in Tu Yen.	
2.Cách hỏi tuổi. 
	Form: 	How old + is, are + S => What is + TTSH/SHC + age ?
	Ex:	-How old are you?	=> What is your age?
	I’m twelve years old./ 	 	I’m at the age of twelve.
	-How old is Lan?	=> What is Lan’s age?
She is eleven years old./ 	She is at the age of eleven.
- How old is your father? 	=> What is your father’s age?
He is forty.	=> He is at the age of forty.
at the age of : ở độ tuổi 
 3.Cách hỏi- đáp về nghề nghiệp: 
	Form: 	-What + 	do +	 you/we/ they/ Lan and Ba + do?
	does + she/ he/it/ Ba + do
	- What is/ are + TTSH/SHC + job ?
	- What is/ are + S(CN)	 ? 
	- What is + TTSH/SHC + occupation?
( job = occupation : nghề nghiệp)
Ex: 	What do you do ? 	What is your job? 
What are you?	What is your occupation?
I’m a worker.
What does she do?	 	What is her job? 
What is she?	What is her occupation?
She is a teacher.
4.Hỏi- đáp về số lượng.
	Form: How many + N(s) + are there + in ? 	
	=> There is/are + N(s) .
Ex: How many people are there in your family?
There are four people in my family.
5.Cách nói có cái gì ở đâu đó.
	Form : 	There is /are + N(s) + ..
	S + have/ has + N(s) +.
Ex: There are four people in my family . => My family has four people.
	My classroom has forty students.	=> There are forty students in my classroom.
6. Hỏi – đáp về giờ:
Form: 	-What time is it?	= What is the time?
	-Could you tell me the time, please?	
-Could you tell me what time it is?
Cách nói giờ chẵn: 
 	It’s + số giờ + o’clock.
Ex: What time is it? => It’s 10 o’clock.
Cách nói giờ hơn.
It’s + số giờ + số phút. = It’s + số phút + past + số giờ.
Half : ½ = 30 phút 
a quarter. ¼ = 15 phút
	What is the time? // What time is it?
- It’s ten thirty .= It’s half past ten. = It’s thirty past ten.(10 giờ 30’)
- It’s ten fifteen. = It’s fifteen past ten. = It’s a quarter pas