Tài liệu luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Ngô Thị Hà

 REPORTED SPEECH
A.Grammar:
**Câu tường thuật là loại câu thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp.
Eg:Hoa said,”I want to go home”
 Hoa said she wanted to go home.
*Remember:-Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau:
a.Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại thì chúng ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ chính,các đại từ chỉ định,các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp.
Eg:Hoa says,”I want to go home”.
 Động từ TT-V chinh
 Hoa says she wants to go home.
-He says,”I am going to Hanoi next week”.
He says he is going to HN next week
b.Nếu động từ tuờng thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ 1 bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp theo quy tắc sau:
Tenses:
 Direct Speech(Lời núi trực tiếp)
 Reported Speech(lời núi giỏn tiếp)
Present simple Hiện tại đơn
Past simple Quỏ khứ đơn
Present progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Past progressive Quỏ khứ tiếp diễn
Past simple Quỏ khứ đơn
Past perfect Quỏ khứ hoàn thành
Past progresive Quỏ khứ tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive QK hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Present perfect Hiện tại hoàn thành
Past perfect Quỏ khứ hoàn thành
Present perfect progressive 
 Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive 
 Quỏ khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect Quỏ khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect Quỏ khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect progressive 
 Quỏ khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive 
 Quỏ khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
 Will/shall àwould/should;
 mustàhad to.
*Cỏc trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:
 todayà that day
 tonightàthat night
tomorrowàthe next day/the following day thisàthat
yesterdayàthe day before/the previous day theseàthose
agoàbefore this/thatàthe
nowàthen hereàthere.
next Sundayàthe next/following Sunday
last Tuesdayàthe previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before.
The day after tomorrowàin two days’ time/two days later.
àNguyờn tắc trờn được ỏp dụng cho tất cả cỏc loại cõu tường thuật.
**Cú 3 loại cõu tường thuật cơ bản:
1.Reported statements(tường thuật dạng cõu kể)
S+say(s)/said+(that)+S+V
*says/say to+Oàtells/tell+O said to+Oàtold+O
Eg:He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”àHe told me he hadn’t finished his work.
2.Reported questions:(Tường thuật dạng cõu hỏi)
a.Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/weather+S+V
Eg .”Are you angry?”he askedàHe asked if/whether I was angry.
(Chuyển cõu hỏi ở cõu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thỡ,trạng từ chỉ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ ngữ,tõn ngữ...)
b.Wh-questions:
S+asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered+Wh-words+S+V.
*says/say to+Oàasks/ask+O
said to+Oàasked+O.
Eg.”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.
àThe teacher asked us what we were talking about.
3.Reported commands.(Tường thuật cõu mệnh lệnh)
*Khẳng định:S+told+O+to-infinitive.
Eg.”Please wait for me here,Mary.”Tom saidàTom told Mary to wait for him there.
*Phủ định:S+told+O+not to-infinitive.
Eg.”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us.-->The teacher told us not to talk in class.
*Reporting verbs:
-agree,decide,offer,promise,refuse...+to-infinitive
-advise,ask,encourage,invite,remind,tell,want,warn...+O+to infinitive
-admit(thừa nhận),deny(phủ nhận),stop,suggest...+-ing form)
**Cõu điều kiện ở lời núi giỏn tiếp:
1.Điều kiện cú thật,cú thể xảy ra:Chỳng ta ỏp dụng quy tắc chung của lời núi giỏn tiếp.
Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.”
àHe said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world.
2.Điều kiện khụng cú thật/giả sử:Chỳng ta giữ nguyờn,khụng đổi.
Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said
àHe said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere.
B.Exercises:
Exercise 1:Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1.”If I were you,I wouldn’t buy this car”
àHe advised..................................................................................................................
2.”Shall I carry your suicase,Lan?”said Nam.
àNam offered..............................................................................................................
3.”Yes,all right,I’ll share the food with you,Dave.”
àAnn agreed...................................................................................................................
4.”Sue,can you remember to buy some bread?”
àPaul reminded.....................................................................................................................
5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”,the man said to the children.
àThe man ordered..................................................................................................................
6.”I must go home to make the dinner”,said Mary.
àMary....................................................................................................................................
7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”Tom asked me.
àTom asked..............................................................................................................................
8.”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked.
àMom asked if........................................................................................................................
9.She said to me:”I can’t do it by myself”
àShe told me that....................................................................................................................
10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked.
àLan wanted to know if........................................................................................................
11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him.
àHis father warned him.......................................................................................................
12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me.
àThe.....................................................................................................................................
13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students àThe librarian told the students.................................................................................................
14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me.
àHe.......................................................................................................................................
15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.
àThe boss asked.....................................................................................................................
16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me.
àMy friend told me...............................................................................................................
17.”This story happened long ago”he said.
àHe said...................................................................................................................................
KEY:
1.He advised me not to buy that car.
2.Nam offered to carry Lan’s suitcase.
3.Ann agreed to share the food with Dave.
4.Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread.
5.The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room.
6.Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner.
7.Tom asked me if/whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/the following week.
8.Mom asked if I had finished my homework.
9.She told me that she couldn’t do it by herself.
10.Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London.
11.His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again.
12.The photographer told me to give a smile.
13. The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table.
14.He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.
15.The boss asked the secretaty who had written that note.
16.My friend told me she had just received a postcast from his sister.
17.He said that story had happened long before
Exercise 2
1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sportsơman.
.............................................................................................................................................
2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.
............................................................................................................................................
3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.
...........................................................................................................................................
4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.
...........................................................................................................................................
5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me. 
........................................................................................................................................
6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.
............................................................................................................................................
7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student.
..........................................................................................................................................
8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.
.............................................................................................................................................
9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.
.............................................................................................................................................
10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.
..........................................................................................................................................
KEY:
1.The insructor warned the sportsman not to repeat that mistake again.
2.The assistant told me to leave the address with the secretary.
3.The manager asked the client to phone to him for an answer the next day/the following day.
4.The father told the kid not to be so silly.
5.The photographer told me to give a smile.
6.Ann asked/begged her friend to help her make a decision.
7.The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table,but to put them back on the shelf.
8.The nurse told the child to be a good girl and to sit quietly for five minutes.
9.My companion advised me to leave my things there.
10.The chairman asked the participants not to discuss that question at the moment.
Exercise 3
1 "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't change for the better?" we asked the guide.
...........................................................................................................................................
2 The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds."
.............................................................................................................................................
3 My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll do the packing."
..........................................................................................................................................
4 "Don't leave until I phone you," he asked me.
...........................................................................................................................................
5 "After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said.
..........................................................................................................................................
6 "They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark," the local man explained to me.
..........................................................................................................................................
7 As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbour said to me.
............................................................................................................................................
8 I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns, we'll go to the seaside together," she said. 
..........................................................................................................................................
9 The mother said to her son, ."Sit still, please." 
.............................................................................................................................................
10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us."
..........................................................................................................................................
KEY:
1.We asked the guide if it would be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather didn’t changed for the better.
2.The porter told me he would wake me up when the train arrived in Leeds.
3.My wife told me that she would do the packing while I was away.
4.He told me not to leave until he phoned me.
5.The doctor said that after he left hospital they would take him to the South.
6.The local man explained to me that they would wait for the fisherman to return until it got dark.
7.My neighbour told me she would let me know as soon as she heard from him./
-My neighbour promised to let me know as soon as she heard from him.
8.She said that she would live in town untilher husband returned from the expedition and that when he returned,they would go to the seaside together.
9.The mother told her son to sit still.
10.John asked/told his friend to come and spend a week with him.
Exercise 4
1 "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me.
.....................................................................................................................................
2 "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary.
.......................................................................................................................................
3 "I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me.
...........................................................................................................................................
4 "The students also took part in arranging the conference," the chairơman said.
............................................................................................................................................
5 "Have you been here long?" the stranger asked me.
.............................................................................................................................................
6 "Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked the boy.
...........................................................................................................................................
7 "I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked.
..........................................................................................................................................
8 "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her.
.............................................................................................................................................
9 "This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything about it."
........................................................................................................................................
10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said.
.........................................................................................................................................
KEY:
1.He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.
2.The boss asked the secretary who had written that note.
3.My friend told me she had just received a postcard from his sister.
4.The chairman said that the students had also taken part in arranging the conference.
5.The stranger asked me if I had been there long.
6.The policeman asked the boy if he had really seen that happen with his own eyes.
7.She remarked that she hoped they would have taken a decision by the end of the meeting.
8.He asked her if she had watched the detective film on Tvthe day before/the previous day.
9.He said that story had happened long before and that few people remembered anything about it.
10.She said that she hadn’t read so interesting a book since she didn’t remember when.
Exercise 5
1 Tom said to the girl: "When did you have this picture taken?"
2 "Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class?" Tom said.
3 John said to Mary, "Why don't you wear your hair a little longer."
4 "Would you like another cup of tea?" the landlady said to the guest.
5 My sister said to me, "What about going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday?"
6 She asked me, "Have you ever seen a flying saucer?"
7 James said: "Do you want me to type this letter for you?"
8 Alfred said to John, "I didn't use your cassette player! Someone else did, not me."
9 Father said, "I was the superintendent while this school was being built."
10 The woman said, "If I had a gas stove, it would save me a lot of time."
KEY:
1.Tom asked the girl when she had had the picture taken.
2.Tom suggested going somewhere for a cup of coffee after class.
3.John suggested that Mary should wear her hair a little longer.
4.The landlady invited the guest to have another cup of tea.
5.My sister suggested us going to see Aunt Marry on the Sunday.
6.She asked me if I had ever seen a flying saucer.
7.James offered to type the letter for me.
8.Alfred denied using/having used John’s cassette player and said that someone else did.
9.Father said he had been the superintendent while that school was being built.
10.The woman said that if she had a gas stove it would save her a lot of time.
Exercise 6
1 Jane said to Bill, “When do you expect to finish your assignment?"
2 The man said to the boy: "Can you show me the way to the bank?"
3 Fred asked the postman: "Are there any letters for me today?"
4 Henry said to the librarian, "How many books can I borrow at a time?"
5 John asked his friend, "How did you manage to know my phone number?"
6 “These old buildings might have already disappeared by the time I am back next year?" he said
7 The boys said to the old woman: "What can we do to help you?"
8 The guests said to the doorman: "Where should we leave our coats?"
9 Tom asked his brother: "Why did you advise them to go sight-seeing on foot?"
10 I asked the children: "Who took away the magazines from my desk?"
KEY:
1.Jane asked Bill when he expected to finish his assignment.
2.The man asked the boy if he could show him the way to the bank.
3.Fred asked the postman if there were any letters for him that day.
4.Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrrow at a time.
5.John asked his friend how he had managed to know his phone number.
6.He said those old buildings might have already disappeared by the time he was back the following year.
7.The boys asked the old woman what they could do to help her.
8.The guests asked the doorman where they should leave their coats.
9.Tom asked his brother why he had advised them to go sight-seeing on foot.
10.I asked the children who had taken away the magazines from my desk.
Exercise 7
1 Rose said, "I was just leaving the office when I came face to face with a stranger."
2 Ann asked her brother, "Do you expe