Phrases and clauses of purpose

PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
1. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích:
Khẳng định: S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1 
Ex: He went to France to study French.
 He does morning exercises in order to improve his health.
Phủ định: S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1 
Ex: She is hurrying so as not to miss the bus.
* For + Noun: cũng có thể được dùng để nói đến mục đích của ai khi làm việc gì đó.
 I went to the store for some bread.
* For + O + to-inf. dùng để nói đến mục đích liên quan hành động của người khác
 I gave him my address. I wanted him to write to me.
 → I gave him my address for him to write to me.
2. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích:
- Khẳng định: S+ V + so that / in order that + S + will / can / would / could + V1 
Ex: I’ll try my best to study English so that I can find a better job.
- Phủ định: S + V + so that / in order that + S + won’t / can’t / couldn’t / wouldn’t + V1 ..
Ex: I put the milk in the fridge in order that it won’t spoil.
Note: Khi mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đich không cùng chủ từ thì không nên dùng cụm từ chỉ mục đích; có thể dùng for + O + to-inf
Ex: I left the door unlocked so that my son could get in.1. He left home early _________ he could arrive at the station on time.
A. because of B. in order to C. although D. so that
2. He works hard_________ help his family.
A. so as that B. in order to C. in order that D. A and B are correct
3. She turned down the radio so that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors.
A. She turned down the radio so as not to disturb the neighbors.
B. She turned down the radio in order not to disturb the neighbors.
C. She turned down the radio in order that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors.
D. All are correct.
4. He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him.
A. He gave me his address so as to visit him.
B. He gave me his address for me in order to visit him.
C. He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.
D. He gave me his address in order to for me visit him.
5. He studies hard. He doesn’t want to fail in the exam.
He studies hard _________fail in the exam.
A. not to B. so as not to C. in order to D. so that
6. Mary jogs everyday ________ lose weight.
A. so she can B. so that she can C. because she can D. so that to
7. You should look up the meaning of the new in the dictionary _______ misuse it
A. so as to B. to C. so as not to D. so that
8. He lighted the candle ________ he might read the note.
A. so that B. and C. because D. as a result
9. He turned off the lights before going out _______ waste electricity.
A. so that not B. as not to C. in order that not D. so as not to
EX2: Combine sentences:
The boys stood on the desks . They wanted to get a better view.
We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people.
We lower the volume . We don't want to bother our neighbours. 
I will write to you. I want you to know my decision soon.
these girls were talking whispers. They didn't want anyone to hear their conversation.
The little girl feigned to be sick. She hoped We didn't make her work.
Phrases and clauses of reason
(Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ lý do)
1. Cụm từ chỉ lý do
Because of / Due to + V-ing / Noun / pronoun
Eg: We didn’t go out due to the cold weather.
They are here because of us.
2. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do:
Because / As / Since / Seeing that + S + V
Eg: They can’t go out because / as / since it is very cold outside.
Note: Ngoài các cụm từ hay được sử dụng như trên, còn có các cụm từ sau: 
- For/ in that/ in as much as: cũng được dùng để đưa ra lí do trong lối văn trang trọng
Eg: The film is unusual in that it features only four actors (Bộ phim thật lạ vì nó chỉ có 4 diễn viên). 
- Now (that) = because of the fact that
Eg: Now (that) the exams are over, I can enjoy myself ( Vì những kì thi đã trôi qua nên tôi thấy rất thoải mái).
Exercise 1. “Because” or “because of”
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter _______ the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
2. Rescue attempts were temporarily halted ________ the bad weather
3. Just __________ I don’t complain, people think I’m satisfied.
4. They visited their friends often ______ they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul may not go to the football game ______his grades.
EX2: Viết lại câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.
Because of
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
Because of	
3. Ann didn’t go to the circus with betty because she had a bad cold.
Because of	
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
Because of	
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.
Because of	
6. I like him because his father is kind to me.
Because of	
7. I can’t study because it is noisy.
Because of	
8. I can’t eat these fruits because they are green.
Because of