Phrase and clause of purpose

Phrase and Clause of Purpose
I/ Clause of Purpose : Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích - So That/In Order That để mà 
Form : 
S + V1/s/es + O So That In 
Order That
S + can/will + V0 + O
S + V2/ed + O S + could/would + V0 + O
Lưu ý:Thơng thường nếu khơng cĩ NOT thì dùng can /could cịn cĩ NOT thì dùng won't / wouldn't ,trừ 
những trường hợp cĩ ý ngăn cấm thì mới dùng can't/couldn't.
ex1: I study hard so that I can pass the exam. 
ex2: I study hard so that I won't fail the exam.
ex3: I hide the toy so that my mother can't see it. ( tơi giấu mĩn đồ chơi để mẹ tơi khơng thể thấy nĩ -> 
ngăn khơng cho thấy ) 
II/ Phrase of Purpose : cụm từ chỉ mục đích - In Order To/So As To/To để mà
Form : + + Inf. 
S + V + O
In Order To
So As To
To
+ V0
Lưu ý: Nếu cĩ NOT thì để NOT trước TO, tuy nhiên mẫu TO khơng áp dụng được trường hợp cĩ NOT.
ex1: I study hard. I want to pass the exam.
-> I study hard in order to / so as to /to pass the exam.
ex2: I study hard. I don't want to fail the exam.
-> I study hard in order not to pass the exam. đúng
-> I study hard so as not to /to pass the exam. đúng
-> I study hard not to pass the exam. sai
III/ Cách nối câu :
1) Dùng SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT :
ex1: I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates.
  I’m studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates.
 S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O. 
 S1 + V + O so that S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O.
sau want/ like/ hope là to thì ta bỏ chúng thay bằng can/could/will/would
ex2: Alice prepares her lessons carefully. She wants to get high marks in class.
 .
-Nếu sau các chữ want, like, hope..cĩ túc từ thì lấy túc từ đĩ ra làm chủ từ.
ex3: I give you the book .I want you to read it.
  I give you the book so that you can read it.
 S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope +O + to + V0 + O. 
 S1 + V + O so that O->S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O.
sau want/ like/ hope là O rồi mới đến to thì ta bỏ chúng thay bằng can/could/will/would, sau đĩ đem O 
lên thay cho S2
ex4: Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.
 .
2) Dùng IN ORDER TO/SO AS TO/TO :
 S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O. 
 S1 + V + O In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O. 
( S1 = S2 . Bỏ S2, bỏ luơn want/like/hope + to thêm In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O. ) 
 I study hard .I want to pass the exam.
-> I study hard in order to pass the exam.
 S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope +O + to + V0 + O. 
 S1 + V + O In Order for O To/So As for O To + V0 + O.
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( S1 = S2 . Bỏ S2, bỏ luơn want/like/hope + to thêm In Order for O To/So As for O To V0 + O. )
IV.Các dạng bài tập:
1.Dạng bài tập 1: sau want khơng cĩ tân
Nối 2 câu cĩ cùng chủ ngữ thành 1 câu cĩ cụm từ chỉ mục đích hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. 
Ex: *Duy gets up early every morning. He wants to learn his lessons.
-->Duy gets up early every morning so as to learn his lessons. (câu này đổi dưới dạng Phrases of purpose).
--> Duy gets up early every morning so that he can learn his lessons. (đổi dưới dạng Clauses of purpose).
* We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people.
--> We learn English in order to have better communication with other people.
--> We learn English so that we will have better communication with other people.
* He was in a hurry. He wanted to catch the bus.
--> He was in a hurry to catch the bus.
--> He was in a hurry in order that he would catch the bus.
2.Dạng bài tập 2: Nối 2 câu cĩ cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau “want” cĩ tân ngữ hoặc túc từ. 
Ex: * He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him. (want + túc từ).
--> He gave me his address so that I would visit him. (Clauses of purpose).
*They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation. (“want” + tân ngữ).
--> They whispered in order that no one could hear conversation. 
*2 câu trên nếu muốn use phrase of purpose, ta phải theo cơng thức sau:
 in order for + O (túc từ) + to-inf
Ex: * He gave me his address in order for me to visit him. 
--> They whispered in order for no one to hear their conversation. 
3.Dạng bài tập 3: Đổi một câu từ “phrase of purpose” sang “clauses of purpose” hoặc ngược lại.
Ex: * We hurried to school so as not to be late.
--> We hurried to school so that she wouldn’t be late.
* Thao locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed
--> Thao locked the door so as not to be disturbed.
* He studied hard in order to pass his exam.
--> He studied hard so that he can pass his exam.
3.Dạng bài tâp 4: Hồn tất câu với “phrase of purpose” hoặc “clause of purpose”.
Ex: * I studied English so that .. 
--> They went to Ha Noi to 
(tự hồn thành câu tuỳ ý thích của các bạn). 
* Lưu ý: + Hồn tất câu trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại (present) thì ta dùng “will/ can” ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
Ex: She needs a job so that she will support her old parents. (cơ ấy cần 1 cơng việc để nuơi bố mẹ cơ ta).
(Ở câu trên, ở mệnh đề chính “ She needs a job” là thì hiện tại đơn “present simple” nên ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích chúng ta phải 
dùng will “she will support her old parents”).
+ Khi động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì “past” thì ta dùng “would/ could” ở mệnh đề “would/ could” ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
Ex: He hurried to the station so that he wouldn’t miss the train.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences using infinitive phrase / clause:
1) People use money so that they can buy things they need. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
2) Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe. (in order to)
 ____________________________________________________________________
3) Mr. Brown is going to the bank to borrow some money. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
4) Alice borrowed an eraser to erase a mistake in his composition. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
5) I need to buy some laundry detergent so that I will wash my clothes. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
6) I moved to the front of the room so as to see better. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
7) I came to this school so that I could learn English . (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
8) He gave her the key for her to open the door. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
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9) Mary took her brother to school for him to learn English. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
10) Please arrive early for us to start the meeting on time. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
11) He wrote to David of his interest in science to ask for work. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
12) Kathy built a high wall round her garden for the fruits not to be stolen. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
13) Tom was playing very softly so that he wouldn’t disturb anyone. (in order not to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
14) They rushed into the burning house so that they could save the child. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
15) Lan often attends English Speaking Club to practice speaking English. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
16) He stood on the chair to see better. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
17) Please shut the gate for the cows not to get out of the cowshed. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
18) The boy tiptoed into the room not to wake every body up. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP 1 : Hãy nối những câu sau đây dùng : SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT
1) The boys stood on the desks . They wanted to get a better view.

2) We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people.

3) We lower the volume . We don't want to bother our neighbours. 

4) I will write to you. I want you to know my decision soon.

5) these girls were talking whispers. They didn't want anyone to hear their conversation.

6) The little girl feigned to be sick. She hoped We didn't make her work.

7) I spoke loudly. I wanted everybody could hear me clearly.

8) Mary often goes home as soon as the class is over. She doesn't want her mother to wait for her.

9) Tom gets up early. He doesn't want to be late for school.

10) Wellfrog hid the sweets under his pillow .He didn't want his mother to see them.

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BÀI TẬP 2 : Đổi những câu sau đây sang mệnh đề ,dùng SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT 
1) We hurried to school so as not to be late.

2) He climbed the tree in order to get a better view.

3) Some young people like to earn their own living in order to be independent of their parents.

4) We should do morning exercises so as to improve our health.

5) We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so as to develop our national 
economy.

6) Every people in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace.

7) She put on warm clothes so as not to catch cold.

8) He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train.

9) She locked the door in order not to be disturbed.

10) I tried to be on time so as not to make our teacher sad.

BÀI TẬP 3 :USE A CLAUSE OR PHRASE OF PURPOSE TO COMBINE EACH PAIR OF 
SENTENCES BELOW .
1/ I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates.
2/ Alice prepares her lessons carefully. She wants to get high marks in class.
3/ Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.
4/ I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house.
5/ You should walk slowly . Your sister can follow you.
6/ They did their job well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary.
7/ We turned on the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity
8/ We lower the volume of the radio. We don’t want to bother our neighbours.
9/ The robber changed his address all the time. He didn’t want the police to find him.
10/ The man spoke loudly. He wanted every body to hear him clearly.
BÀI TẬP 4 :
Choose the correct alternative.
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1. The school boys are in a hurry not to/ in order not miss their school bus.
2. They were talking in whispers so that/ so as nobody could hear them.
3. My mother needs a tin opener to open/ for opening the bottles.
4. Advice is given in order that/ in order to students can choose the best course.
5. You may put your money in a small coin bank so that/ in order to keep it safe.
6. We wrote Katie’s name on the calendar so as not to/ so that not forget her birthday.
7. She stayed at work late in order to/ so that she could complete the report.
8. I need some new clothes. I haven’t got anything nice to wear/ in order to wear.
9. They new paint is excellent to cover/ for covering walls with cracks in.
10. Trees are being planted by the roadside so as to reduce/ in order that reducing tracffic 
noise.
BÀI TẬP 5 : CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1/ “I spoke slowly. The foreigner could understandme”. Means
a. I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me
b. I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me.
c. I spoke slowly that the foreigner could understand me
d. I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me
 2/ He had to explain the lesson very clearly.
a. in order that his student to understandit b. so that his students could understand 
it 
c. so as his students to understand it d. so that his students to understand it
3/ He studies very hard 
a. in order to fail the examination b. so that to get knowledge
c. so as not to pass examination d. in order that he could be illiterate
4/ We have to start earlywe won’t be late
 a. so that b. so as to c. because d. although
 5/ They were talking in whispers..nobody could hear them.
 a. in order to b. so that c. in order that 
d. b and c arte correct
6/ He hurried to the station . He didn’t want to miss the train
a. he hurried to the station so that he couldn’t miss the train
b. he hurried to the station in order that he couldn’t miss the train
c. he hurried to the station not to miss the train d. all are correct
7/ She went to the library in order that she could borrow some books
a.she went to the library so as to borrow some books 
b.she went to the library that she could borrow some books
c.she went to the library so that she could borrow some books d. all are correct
8/ The schoolboys are in hurry.they will not be late for school
a. so as to b. to c. in order that 
d. for
9/ We set off early..we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic
a. although b. so that c. because 
d. in case
10/ I shouted in order that I could warn everybody of danger
a. I shouted to warn everybody of danger
b. I shouted so as to warn everybody of danger
c. I shouted so that to warn everybody of danger
d. a and b are correct
Choose the best answer for the following sentences:
1. I moved to the front of the room _______ I could see better.
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A. so as to B. in order to C. to D. so that
2. The boy tiptoed into the room _______ wake everybody up.
A. so as to B. in order that C. so as not to D. in order to
3. He turned out the light ________ waste electricity.
A. not B. without C. so that not D. in order not to
4. I am lighting the fire so that the house _______ be warm when they return.
A. would B. wouldn’t C. will D. won’t
5. Mary worked hard _______ pass the examination.
A. as so to B. so as to C. so that to D. in order not to
6. She is taking science course at school ______ order to choose science for her 
profession.
A. so B. on C. in D. at
7. She weighed herself _______ know the pull of the earth exerting on her.
A. for B. so that B. in order D. to
8. He hurried so that he ________ miss the train.
A. won’t B. doesn’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
9. He does morning exercises regularly _______ to improve his health.
A. not B. without C. so that not D. in order
10. Mary took her brother to school for him ________ English.
A. to learn B. learning C. learns D. learned
BÀI TẬP 6 : Match the sentences in the most appropriate way and then write two sentences 
as one using to-infinitive.
1.Trees were planted along the street. a. He wants to look smart.
2. I swept the broken glass off the path. b. This was done to reduce traffic noise.
3. He bought a truck. c. She wants to finance her studies.
4. Laura went to the bank. d. I wanted to prevent an accident.
5. The staff are working at weekend. e. He wanted to hear the football results.
6. Tom turned on the radio. f. I wanted to report that my car had been stolen
7. Just this once Mike is going to wear a suit g. They want to complete the project in time.
8. Jessica is borrowing some money. h. We wanted to buy some fruit.
9. We went to the market. i. He did this to carry out his business.
10. I phoned to the police station. j. She wanted to cash a cheque.
Mệnh đề hoặc cụm từ chỉ kết quả là thành phần phụ nêu lên kết 
quả do hành động của mệnh đề chính gây ra 
1/ Clause of result : so/ such  t h at
 - S + V+ SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + V (      . . q u a ù 
     . đ e á n nổi      . )
 - S + V + SUCH + ( A/ AN ) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + S + V (  . qu á 
.đe án nổi      )
EX : It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything 
 The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class 
 It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home 
 There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one 
* NOTES : 
 so many/ few + plural noun + that
 so much/ little + uncountable noun + that 
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CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF RESULT
 so + adj +a/an + singular noun + that
Ex : The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseket ball team
 He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now . 
 2/ Phrase of result : TOO/ ENOUGH
 Câu có cụm từ chỉ kết quả có cấu trúc như sau :
 - S + V+ TOO + adj / adv ( for + o ) + TO INFINITIVE (. Quá đến nổi ( ai ) không 
thể )
 - S + V+ adj / adv + ENOUGH + ( for +o) + TO INFINITIVE (đủ ( cho ai ) làm điều gì 
)
Ex: 1/ He is so short that he can’t play basketball.
  He is too short to play baseket ball.
  He isn’t tall enough to play baseket ball.
 2/ It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything .
  It was too dark for me to see anything .
  It was n’t bright enough for me to see anything .
I. Use SO or SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH :
1. The sun shone _______ brightly that she had to put on her glasses.
2. There were _________ few students registered that the class was cancelled
3. We had _________ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return
4. It was ________ a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
5. The book looked ___________ interesting that we decided to read it.
6. Ray called at _________ an early hour that we weren’t awke yet.
7. There were ____________ many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
8. The benefit was _________ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it
9. I’ m not rich ___________ to help you.
10. This room is ___________ dark for us to study.
II. Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1. It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it.
 The house was so ____________________________________________
2. The food was so good that we ate all of it.
 It was ______________________________________________________
3. The patient was too weak to get up.
 The patient was so ____________________________________________
4. This room is too dark for me to study.
 This room is so _______________________________________________
5. This room is too small for us to take the meeting
 This room isn’t _______________________________________________
6. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it.
 The test was not ______________________________________________
7. The map is so old that I couldn’t read it.
 The map is too ________________________________________________
8. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well
 He didn’t ___________________________________________________
III.Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentence:
1. These two girls _________ that I can’t tell them apart.
a. are so like b. are so alike c. are too like
d. alike enough
2. I don’t think our daughter is _________ to understand this matter
a. too young b. is such young c. not enough old d. not 
age enough
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3. Mrs. Harrions is ___________ he owns many places.
a. so a rich man that b. such an rich man that c. such a rich man that 
d. that so rich a man
4. The ceiling is __________
a. too high for me to reach b. too high for me to reach it
c. so high for me reaching d. enough high for me reaching
5. The woman was so beautiful _______________
a. that I couldn’t help looking at b. that I couldn’t help looking at 
her
c. for me looking at her d. that for me to look at
6. It is ___________ that I would like to go to the beach.
a. such a nice weather b. too nice weather c. such nice weather d. such 
weather nice
7. These are ____________ that I can’t finish them.
a. a such long assignments b. such long assignments 
c. such a long assignments d. too long assignments
8. It is _________ that I have read it tw