Ngữ pháp và bài tập Unit 7 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 (Sách Thí điểm)

UNIT 7 POLLUTION( SỰ Ô NHIỄM )
A.GRAMMAR ( NGỮ PHÁP )
I. Conditional sentences type 1. (Câu điều kiện loại 1)
1. Form 
IF CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề If )
 MAIN CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề chính )
 Simple Present ( Thì hiện tại đơn )
 If + S + V (s/es)	
Simple Future ( Thì tương lai đơn )
 S + will/ won’t + V ( bare infinitive )	
 S+ can/must/ may/ might+ V( bare infinitive )
Eg 1 If I have enough money, I will buy a big house.
( Nếu tôi có đủ tiền , tôi sẽ mua một ngôi nhà lớn ). 
 Eg 2 If you want to pass the exam, you must study harder.
( Nếu bạn muốn thi đỗ , bạn phải học hành chăm chỉ hơn ).
Eg 3 If she doesn’t want to be late, She must get up early.
( Nếu cô ấy không muốn bị muộn thì cô ấy phải dậy sớm ).
2. Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu điều kiện diễn tả tình trạng có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Eg If you learn hard, you will pass the exam. Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ , bạn sẽ đỗ kỳ thi.
- Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, thì hiện tại đơn dùng trong mệnh đề If, còn thì tương lai đơn được dùng trong mệnh đề chính.
Eg 
 If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die
Nếu nhà máy tiếp tục thải chất độc xuống hồ, thì tất cảloài cá và các sinh vật dưới nước sẽ chết.
Chú ý Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả một điều kiện luôn đúng
II. Conditional sentences type 2. (Câu điều kiện loại 2)
1.Form.
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If )
 MAIN CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề chính )
If +S + V-ed/2 
If + S + were
S + would / could/might + V(infinitive)
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V (infinitive)
Eg 1 If I became rich , I would spend all my time travelling. 
 Nếu tôi giàu, tôi sẽ dành tất cả thời gian để đi du lịch.
2.Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện không có thật thường dùng để nói lên sự tưởng tượng của người nói. ( Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai ).
If I were you, I would buy that bike.
Nếu tôi là bạn tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đạp đó.
Chú ý Trong mệnh đề không có thật ở hiện tại, chúng ta có thể dùng were thay cho was trong tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề If.
Eg If I were you, I would study English hard.
 Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ học Tiếng Anh chăm chỉ hơn.
B.EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP)
PHONETICS
Question I. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined. 
1. A. wanted 	B. washed 	C. danced 	D. played
2. A. goes 	 B. watches	C. misses	D. brushes
3. A. come	 B. mother	C. open	D. some
4. A. mention	B. question	C. action	D. education
5. A. who	B. when	C. where	D. what
Question II. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined. 
1.A. sun	 B. fun	 C. put	 D. unhappy
2. A. mind	 B. bike	C. tradition	D. tidy
3. A. my 	B. happy 	C. hobby 	D. factory
4.A. health	B. team	C. tea	 D. beach
5.A. listened	 B. opened	C. wanted	D. lived
Question III. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1.A. person	 B. father	C. teacher	D. enjoy
2. A. prefer	 B. enjoy	C. mother	D. agree
3.A. doctor 	B. father 	C. picture 	D. fancy
4.A. pollution	B. visit	C. listen	D. open
5.A. depend	 B. advise	C. affect	D. listen 
Question IV. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1.A. affect	 B. father	C. teacher	D. picture
2. A. prefer	 B. enjoy	C. mother	D. affect
3.A. affect B. happen 	C. pollution 	D. fancy
4.A. pollution	 B. picture	 C. village	D. factory
5.A. illustrate	 B. believe	C. affect	D. village 
Question V. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. artistic	 B. historic	C. dramatic	D. scientific 
2. A. medical	 B. national	 C. chemical	D. historical 
3.A. athletic 	 B. dramatic 	C. scientific 	D. heroic
4.A. medical	 B. hospital	C. politic	D. electric
5.A. chemical	 B. physical	C. environmental	D. medical
Question VI. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. athletic	 B. historic	C. dramatic	D. scientific 
2. A. medical	B. national	C. chemical	D. informal 
3.A. athletic 	B. dramatic 	C. scientific 	D. heroic
4.A. medical	 B. hospital	C. politic	D. electric
5.A. dramatic	 B. physical	C. environmental	D. medical
Question VII. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1.A. affect	 B. father	C. pollution	D. believe
2. A. prefer	 B. enjoy	C. dramatic	D. affect
3.A. factory B. happen C. pollution D. poison
4.A. believe	 B. picture	 C. village	D. factory
5.A. illustrate	 B. believe	 C. affect	D. village 
VOCABURLARY AND GRAMMAR
Question I. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D )
1. I like ______________ back my home village on holiday. 
A. comes	 	B. come	 	C. came	 	D. coming
2. If the factory ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues	B. to continue	 C. continued	D. will continue
3.Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die. 
A. pollution 	B. pollute	 C. polluted D. polluting
4. Mi and Nick like ______________ back Mi’s home village on holiday. 
A. comes	 	B. come	 	C. came	 	D. coming
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals ________________.
A. die	 B. to die	 C. dead	 D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die. 
A. contaminating 	B. contaminate	 C. contaminated D. contamination
7. If we ______________ water carefully, more people will have fresh water. 
A. will use	 	 B. would use	 	C. using	 	D. use
8. If the factory continues dumping poison ________________ the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. into	 B. to 	 C. about	 D. in
Question II. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D )
1. Mi and Nick like ______________ back Mi’s home village on holiday. 
A. comes	 	B. come	 	C. came	 	D. coming
2. If the factory ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues	B. to continue	 C. continued	D. will continue
3.Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die. 
A. pollution 	B. pollute	 C. polluted D. polluting
4.If the air wasn’t dirty, I ________________ so much.
A. wouldn’t sneeze B. sneeze 	 C. would sneeze	 D. to sneeze
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals ________________.
A. die	 B. to died	 C. dead	 D. will died
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die. 
A. contaminating 	B. contaminate	 C. contaminated D. contamination
7. If I were you , I ______________ that car . 
A. would buy	 B. buy	 	 C. bought	 D. buying
8. If we recycle more , we ________________ the Earth.
A. help	 B. would help	 C. helping	 D. will help
Conditional Sentence Type I : Câu điều kiện loại 1
Question I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1.If we (recycle) ________ more, we will help the Earth.
2. Factories (not dump) ______________waste into rivers if the government fine them heavily.
3. If people travel to work by bus, there (be) ______________fewer car fumes.
4. We (save) ________________thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.
5. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ______________fresh water.
6. If the factory ( continue) ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
7.If we recycle more, we (help) ________________ the Earth.
8. If people (travel)________________to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.
9. We save thousands of trees if we (not waste)_______________don’t waste paper.
10. Factories don’t dump waste into rivers if the government ( fine) _______________ them heavily.
Question II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1. If he (study) ________________ harder, he can pass an exam.
2. She may be late if she (not hurry) ________________.
3.If you study harder, you (pass) ________________ the exam.
4. If you are kind to me, I (be) _______________ good to you.
5.If he (give) _______________ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
6. You (not pass) _______________ your driving test unless you drive more carefully.
7. He’ll be ill if he (not stop) ________________ worrying so much.
8. We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if it ( be) ________________ nice.
Question III.Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1.
 (Kết hợp mỗi cặp câu sau để tạo thành câu điều kiện loại 1) 
1.Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at school.
If 
2.Light pollution happens. Animals change their behaviour patterns.
If ..
3.The levels of radioactive polluion decrease.We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources.
If ..
4.The water temperature increases.Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduces.
If.....................
5.People get more diseases.The water is contaminated.
If 
Conditional Sentence Type II : Câu điều kiện loại 2
Question IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1. If I were you, I (look) ________________ for a new place to live.
2. If Lan wasn’t ill, she ( join) ________________ out tree planting activity.
3.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ________________ less pollution.
4.If people really cared about the environment, they ( not dump ) ________________ waste into the lake.
5.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ________________.
6.If you (be) ________________ the president, what would you do to help the environment ?
7.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ________________ heathier.
8.If I (have) ________________ one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city.
9.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) __________
so upset.
10.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ________________ vegetables.
Question V.Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation, as in the example.
Viết loại câu điều kiện loại 2 cho mỗi tình huống , như trong ví dụ.
1.People throw rubbish in the street.The street doesn’t look attractive.
If people didn’t throw rubbish in the street, it would look attractive.
2.There are so many billboards in our city. People can not enjoy the view.
If .
3.There is so much light in the cityat night.We can not see the stars clearly.
If 
4.We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month.
If 
5.The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner.
If 
6.She has a headache after work every day.She works in a noisy office.
If .
C.READING
Question I Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
 Environmental pollution is a term that (1)______ to all the ways by which man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with (2)______ gases and smoke, (3)_____ the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the (4)_____ with too many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings (5)_____ various other ways. For example, people ruin natural beauty by (6)_____ junk and litter on the land and in the water.
 Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today. Air, water and soil are necessary to the (7)_____ of all living things. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and (8)_____ death. Polluted water kills fish and other (9)_____ life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is available for growing food. Environmental pollution also brings ugliness to man’s (10)_____ beautiful world.
 1. A. means B. refers C. provides D. reduces
 2. A. thick B. natural C. exhaust D. influent
 3. A. purifies B. pumps C. sprays	 D. poisons
 4. A. soil B. forests C. streets D. beaches
 5. A. on B. in C. by D. with
 6. A. spoiling B. leaving C. scattering D. gathering
 7. A. survival B. environment C. development D. growth
 8. A. so B. ever C. too D. even
 9. A. animal B. marine C. human D. plant
10. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. natured
Question II Read the passage and answer the questions.
Visual pollution has a greater effect on people than you may think. I remember when I went to a big city, I was really scared because so much graffiti on the buildings' wall. Then I looked up, and I saw a lot of power lines over my head. Although they were not dangerous, I still felt unsafe since I thought they might fall down. These things prevented me from enjoying the beautiful sights of the city.
I also remember the time when I was a student at a university. Once I was so busy with my assignments that I did not tidy my room for two weeks. Looking at the messy room caused me so much stress that I did not want to study. Then I decided to clean the room and put my thing in their proper places. I also bought a small plants and placed it in a corner of the room. These simple actions increased my motivation and helped me to focus on my learning.
Questions.
1.How did the author feel when she saw the power lines?
 .
2.Why did she have that feeling?
3. What was she busy with?
4. What happened when she looked the messy room?
5. What did she do for her room?