Ngữ pháp và bài tập Unit 7 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10

UNIT 7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY
A. NỘI DUNG CẦN GHI NHỚ:
Vocabulary:
culture (n) – cultural (adj)
diversity (n)
proposal ceremony (n)
engagement ceremony (n)
reception (n)
complicated (adj)
expense (n) – expensive (adj)
bride (n)
bridesmaid (n)
groom (n)
groomsman (n)
superstitious (adj) – superstition (n)
favourable (adj)
altar (n)
ritual (n)
funeral (n)
ancestor (n)
originate (v)
prestigious (adj)
fortune (n)
prosperity (n) – prosperous (adj)
table manner (n)
approve (v) – approval (n)>< disapproval (n)
newly-wed (n)
background (n)
characteristic (n)
prestige (n) – prestigious (adj)
individual (adj)/(n) – individuality (n)
practical (adj)
legal (adj) >< illegal (adj)
symbolize(v) – symbol (n)
present (v) – present (n)
self-reliance (n) – rely (v) – reliable (adj) – reliance (n)
embarrass (v) – embarrassed (adj) – embarrassment (n)
Phrasal verbs/ structures:
to waste money on sth
no matter what
to play an important part in.
to have influence on 
to place great value on
to provide sb with sth
to object to sb/sth/V-ing sth.
to involve in
to be / get engaged to sb
to be/ get married to sb
to propose to sb: to ask sb to marry you
to arrange / plan a wedding
to make a toast to the bride and groom
Pronunciation:
The change of stress pattern of a two-syllable word.
Ex: pre`sent (v): tặng quà, đưa ra à `present (n): mún quà
Grammar:
1. Comparison:(Revision)
Equality (So sỏnh bằng)
S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun
S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun
Ex: 
- She is as stupid as I/me
- This boy is as tall as that one. 
- Population of Ho Chi Minh city isn't as much as that of Bangkok. 
(Khụng lặp lại từ đó dựng ở chủ ngữ, thay bằng cỏc đại từ như one, that)
2. Comparatives and superlatives
a.Comparative (So sỏnh hơn)
Short adj/adv: S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun
Long adj/adv: S + V + more + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun
So sỏnh kộm/ ớt hơn: S + V + less + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun.(khụng phõn biệt tớnh từ/trạng từ ngắn dài)
Ex:
- She is taller than I/me
- This boy is more intelligent than that one.
- My close friend is less studious than me.
b. Superlative (So sỏnh hơn nhất)
Short adj/adv:S + V + the + adj/adv + est + (N/pronoun)...
Long adj/adv:S + V + the most + adj/adv + (N/pronoun)...
So sỏnh ớt/kộm nhất:S + V + the least + adj/adv + (N/pronoun).(khụng phõn biệt tớnh từ/trạng từ ngắn dài) 
Ex:
- She is the tallest girl in the village. – She is the tallest in the village.
- He is the most gallant boy in his class. – This boy is the most gallant in his class.
- Tom is the least active boy in our neighbourhood.
Chỳ ý:
- Những tớnh từ ngắn kết thỳc bằng một phụ õm mà ngay trước nú là nguyờn õm duy nhất thỡ chỳng ta nhõn đụi phụ õm lờn rồi thờm "-er" trong so sỏnh hơn và "est" trong so sỏnh nhất.(ex:hot--> hotter/the hottest)
- Những tớnh từ cú hai õm tiết kết thỳc bằng chữ "-y" thỡ đổi "y" thành "i" rồi thờm "-er" trong so sỏnh hơn và "-est" trong so sỏnh nhất(ex: happy-->happier/the happiest)
- Những tớnh từ/trạng từ cú hai õm tiết nhưng kết thỳc bằng "-le","-et","-ow","-er"vẫn xem là tớnh từ ngắn (gentle, narrow, clever, quiet...à gentler/the gentlest)
- Cỏc tớnh từ so sỏnh bất quy tắc 
good	à better/the best
bad 	àworse/the worst
many(much)	àmore/the most
little	àless/the least
far	àfarther(further)/the farthest(the furthest)
3. Articles: A/an – The
a.Cỏchdựngmạo từbất định“a/an”
Dựng“an”trướcnhữngdanhtừbắtđầubằngcỏcnguyờnõm:e,a,i,u,o.Dựnga/an trong cỏc trườnghợp sau:
ƒ	Trước sự vật, sự việc được kểđến lần đầu tiờn.
I live in a house near ashop.
She has two children: a son and a daughter.
ƒ	Chỉ nghềnghiệp:
I’m a student. My brother is an architect.
ƒ	Trong cỏc cụmtừ/ từ chỉ lượng: a pair of/ a little/ a few/
ƒ	Dựng trong cõu cảm thỏn: what a + noun. What a beautiful flower! What a great party!
b.Cỏchdựngmạo từxỏcđịnh“the”
Dựng “the” trong cỏc trườnghợpsau:
ƒ	Sựvật, sự việc kểđếnlần thứhai
I live in a house. The house is very nice.
She has two children: a son and a daughter. The son is a pupil. Thedaughterisverysmall.
ƒ	Chỉ cỏc yếutố duy nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth, the sea
ƒ	Đi vớitớnh từ:
The rich: những ngườigiầu
Thepoor:những ngườinghốo
ƒ	Trước từ chỉ biển, sụng, khỏch sạn,quỏn bar, tờn ban nhạc, tờn cỏc dóy nỳi, tờn nhạc cụ.
Ex: the Nile, the Huong Giang hotel, the Mekong river, the Himalaya, the westlife, the Backstreetboy, the violin, the guitar.
ƒ	Chỉ quốc tịch: the Vietnamese, the Chinese..
ƒ	Trước tờn của tập hợpnhiều bang,nhiều nước: the Asian , the United Nations, the United States.
ƒ	Trước một danh từ, với điều kiệndanhtừnày được xỏc địnhbằng một cụmtừ hoặc một mệnh đề.
The girl in uniform (Cụ gỏi mặcđồng phục)
The mechanic that I met (Người thợ mỏy màtụiđó gặp) The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà tụi đợi anh ta)
ƒ	Trước so sỏnh cao nhất, trước first (thứ nhất), second (thứnhỡ), only(duy nhất).... khi cỏc từ nàyđượcdựngnhư tớnh từ hay đại từ.
ƒ	The + họ (ở số nhiều)nghĩa là Gia đỡnh ...
Ex:The Smiths = Gia đỡnhSmith(vợ chồng Smith và cỏc con)
c.Cỏc trườnghợpkhụngdựng“the”
ƒ	Trước danh từ đếmđược, danh từkhụngđếmđược núi chung
Books are good friends. Milk is good for you.
ƒ	Trước tờn quốc gia, tờn chõu lục, tiểu bang, thành phố, quận huyện, tờn nỳi, tờn hồ, tờnđường.
Europe , South America , France, Downing Street, Mount Everest.
Trước danh từ trừu tượng, trừ phidanhtừđúchỉ một trường hợp cỏ biệt.
	Ex: Men fear death - Nhưng: The death of the president was unknown
Trước tờn gọi cỏc bữa ăn: dinner, breakfast, lunch..
	nhưng : The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden.
Trước tờn trường cú tờn riờngVD: Nguyen Hue high school
Trước cỏc danh từ đi cựng với số đếm:
Ex: Chapter one, World War two
Trước tờn của bất kỳ mụn thể thao nào. Football, basketball, tennis...
Trước tờn cỏc ngày lễ tết. Christmas, Autumn Festival, Tet...
Trước tờn cỏc mụn học núi chung: mathematics, literature....
Trước tờn cỏc loại hỡnh õm nhạc: jazz, classical music....
B. 
BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP:
I. Phonetic: Choose the word which has difference stress pattern:
1. A. wedding	B. engage	C. happy	D. party
2. A. expense	B. success	C. ritual	D. believe
3. A. affect	B. woman	C. approve	D. depend
4. A. asleep	B. custom	C. culture	D. manner
5. A. knowledge	B. married	C. bridesmaid	D. exchange
II. Vocabulary and expressions:
Exercise 1.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. There is a wedding _________ for all the guests after the wedding ceremony.
A. proposal 	B. reception	C. anniversary	D. celebration
2. A__________is the person who keeps the bride calm, help her ready and looks after her dress.
A. groom	B. bridegroom	C. bridesmaid	D. groomsman
3. As a country with many mysteries and legends, Vietnam has kept various ________beliefs about daily activities.
A. superstition	B. superstitious	C. superstitive	D. superstitiously
4. I see a lot of ___________ between Vietnamese and British cultures.
A. similar	B. similarly	C. similarity	D. similarities
5. Jack and Rose need the _________ of their parents before holding a wedding ceremony.
A. approve	B. approving	C. approval	D. approvable
III. Grammar:
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative of the adjectives in brackets.
1. A cut is _________________________ (painful) than an insect bite.
2.The weather this summer is even (bad) __________________________ than last summer.
3. Apartments are usually _________________________ (cheap) than separate houses.
4. A tumour is _________________________ (bad) of all diseases.
5. He was the (clever) _____________________ thief of all.
6. A man is normally___________________________ (strong) than a woman.
7. This flower is (beautiful) _____________________ than that one.
8. This is the (interesting) _______________________ book I have ever read.
9. Fruit and vegetables are ____________________________ (healthy) than fast food.
10. Fish is one of ___________________________ (nutritious) food possible.
11. Non-smokers usually live (long) _____________________ than smokers.
12. Which is the (dangerous) ___________________ animal in the world?
Exercise 2. Are the following sentences right (ệ) or wrong (x)? Mark them with (ệ ) or (x) and correct the mistakes.
1. Syrups are gooder than pills in treating a sore throat.___________________
2. Ointments are the most effective medicines for bruises. __________________
3. Inhalers are best for breathing problems. __________________
4. My Latin class is more boring than my English class._____________________
5. In the UK, the streets are generally more narrow than in the USA._________________
6. London is more busier than Glasgow . ___________________
7. My garden is a lot colourful than this park. __________________
8. Yesterday the weather was much more nicerthan it istoday. ___________________
9. Amanda is the most ambitious than her classmates. ____________________
10. This is the most interesting type of recreation. __________________________
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative of the adjectives in brackets
My brother has a (tidy) _______________room than me.
Australia is (big) _______________than England.
I'm (good) _______________ now than yesterday.
She's got (little) _______________ money than you, but she doesn't care.
He thinks Chinese is (difficult) _______________ language in the world
Valencia played (bad) _______________ than Real Madrid yesterday.
Cats are not (intelligent) _______________ as dogs.
Show me (good) _______________ restaurant downtown.
(hot) _______________ desert of all is the Sahara and it's in Africa.
Who is (talkative) _______________ person in your family?
Exercise 4. Choose the best correct answer
My father is happy because I get ............... results at school.
a. bad             b. good             c. intelligent             d. well
My English this term is ............. than that of last year.
a. good               b. gooder               c. better                 d. best
Her math result is .............. than her English result.
a. bad                b. badly                  c. worse                d. well
Detective books are..................... than science fiction ones.
a. more interesting            b. interestingly                c. interestinger              d. interesting
Lan is ................... than her sister.
a. lazy                       b. lazily                           c. lazier                         d. lazilier
He feels ........... than last year because his study results are .....................
a. happy/ good          b. happier/ gooder             c. more happy/more good           d. happier/better
Of the three girls, Helen, Susan, and Maria, Susan is the  character we know.
A. more funny
B. funnier
C. most funny
D. funniest
He is ............. at maths than at any other subjects.
a. better                  b. more good               c. goodlier                  d. gooder
Phuong can speak English ........... than Minh.
a. more fluent          b. fluently                   c. fluent                    d. more fluently
The ship was the  I had ever seen.
A. most largest
B. largest
C. larger
D. more larger
Her voice is ................. than her sister's/.
a. beautiful              b. more beautiful         c. beautifully            d. more beautifully
Her literature result is much ................... than it was last year.
a. good                  b. well                        c. more well              d. better
Cinderrella danced ............... than any other girls at the ball.
a. more graceful     b. gracefuler               c. gracefully               d. more gracefully
Helen is the  of the two sisters.
A. more kinder
B. kindest
C. kinder
D. most kindest
David was  than John.
A. well
B. good
C. better
D. best
Dorothy is the  student in the class, based on her high grades.
A. smartest
B. more smarter
C. smarter
D. smart
William does  in English classes than David and John.
A. better
B. well
C. good
D. best
This building is  than that one.
A. beautifuler
B. beautifulest
C. the most beautiful
D. more beautiful
Dorothy promised to be  with her money.
A. carefuler
B. more careful
C. most carefulest
D. more carefuler
In my opinion, Hanoi is the  city in the world.
A. most loveliest
B. more lovelier
C. loveliest
D. most lovely
Exercise 2. Give the correct form of the given words to complete the following sentences:
1. Susan believes in ghosts and the world for the dead. She is so ___________. (SUPERSTITION)superstitious
2. Their ________ of the plan caused the experiment to be abandoned. (APPROVE)approval
3. He is so ___________ that he had an accident. (CARE)careless
4. Many women nowadays often seek financial _____________by going out to work. (DEPEND) independence
5. All the guests got dressed in ___________ costume. (NATION)national
6. Boys and girls may behave ___________ in this situation. (DIFFERENCE)differently
7. The 23rd mascot eagle is the ___________ of elegance, strength and pride. (SYMBOLIZE)symbol
8. Claulfied claimed they had _________ against him because of his nationality. (DISCRIMINATION)discriminated
9. There is no evidence of his direct __________ in the bombing. (INVOLVE)involvement
10. The exact origin of the universe remains a ____________. (MYSTERIOUS)mystery
Exercise 3. Rewrite the following sentences using the given words:
1. Whatever he says, nobody believes him.
à No matter _what he says, nobody believes him.
2. I dislike it when people criticize me unfairly.
à I object to being criticized unfairly.
3. The hotel gives you everything except a toothbrush.
à The hotel provides you with everything except a toothbrush.
4. They were unable to finish their game of tennis because of a heavy shower.
à A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their game of tennis
5. Women are responsible for taking care of the children.
à Women are responsible for looking after the children.
Exercise 5. Fill in each blank with an article if necessary:
1. I want __an__ apple from that basket.
2. __The__ church in the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks __x__ Chinese.
4. I borrowed __the__ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "__the__ professor is late today."
6. Eli likes to play __x__ volleyball.
7. I bought __an__ umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play __the__ violin at her school.
9. Please give me __the__ cake that is on the counter.
10. Albany is the capital of _x___ New York State.
11. ___An_ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
12.Our neighbors have ___a_ cat and __a__ dog.
13. I want __a____ new printer for Christmas.
14.	Excuse me. Have you got ___x___ time?
15.	It was ___an___ exciting movie.
16.	I was four the first time I saw ___an___ elephant.
17.	It's such ___a___ nice day that I think I'll go and read my book in the park.
18.	My students like to do their activity books lying on ___the___ floor
19.	I saw ___an___ eagle hovering high above the valley.
20.	___A___ huge ape ran out of the forest and stole my picnic hamper.
IV. Reading
Exercise 1. Fill in each blank with one word in A, B, C or D to complete the passage:
When you are driving abroad you should make sure that you have all your documents with you. These (1)_________ your passport, your driving licence and insurance papers. It (2)_____ be very inconvenient if you (3)______ any of these or if you cannot find (4)________quickly. You must also make sure that your car has a nationality plate which shows the country where the car is registered; for (5)________, GB for Great Britain, F for France, N for Norway and so on.
In some (6)________ you have to pay if you don’t (7)_________motoring laws and this can sometimes cost you a lot of money. For instance, you may have to pay immediately if you are stopped by a police officer for taking no notice of traffic lights, speed (8)_________ or if you allow children (9)________ the age of twelve to (10)_______in the front seat of a vehicle.
1. A. include	B. make	C. mean	D. contain
2. A. should	B. can	C. is	D. has
3. A. miss	B. hide	C. lose	D. pass
4. A. that	B. those	C. their	D. them
5. A. once	B. example	C. general	D. fact
6. A. countries	B. positions	C. ways	D. routes
7. A. do	B. allow	C. obey	D. continue
8. A. marks	B. spots	C. limits	D. numbers
9. A. under	B. lower	C. over	D. behind
10. A. follow	B. pass	C. travel	D. wait
Exercise 2: Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer:
These days, most people in Britain and the US do not wear very formal clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the right thing.
Many British people don’t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts you can put on what you like from elegant suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy.
But in Britain, as well as the US, men in offices usually wear suits and ties, and women wear dresses of skirts (not trousers). Doctors, lawyers and business people wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women wear smart dresses.
In many years, Americans are more relaxed than British people, but they are more careful with their clothes. At home, or on holiday, most Americans wear informal or sporty clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look elegant. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women wear pretty clothes and smart hairstyles.
It is difficult to say exactly what people wear informal or formal in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You’ll feel more relaxed if you don’t look too different from everyone else.
1. Many British people wear freely when they ___________.
A. attend meetings	B. attend lectures
C. spend their spare time	D. meet their friends
2. Who doesn’t usually wear suits and ties?
A. Lawyers 	B. Doctors	C. Drivers	D. Secretaries
3. If you visit an American friend at home in the evening, you may find that your friend wears _____.
A. pretty clothes	B. informal clothes	C. formal clothes 	D. dirty clothes
4. If you are in a foreign country, the best way the writer suggests to you is to wear ______.
A. strange clothes	B. as the people there do
C. your native clothes	D. pretty clothes
5. What do you think the passage is mainly about?
A. Recent dressing habit in Great Britain and the United States
B. The reason why informal clothing is popular in the UK and USA
C. When we should wear in formal way
D. Where we should wear in a formal way
Exercise 3: Read the passage and decide whether the sentence is true (T) or false ( F ) 
If you are invited to someone’s house in America for dinner, you should bring a gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates. If you give your host a wrapped gift, he/she may open it in front of you. Opening a present in front of the gift-giver is considered polite. It shows that the host is excited about receiving the gift and wants to show his/her appreciation to you immediately. Even if the host doesn’t like it, he/she will tell a “white lie” and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad.
	If your host asks you to arrive at a particular time, you should not arrive exactly on time or earlier than the expected time, because this is considered to be potentially inconvenient and therefore rude, as the host may not be ready.
[T] [F] If your host asks you to arrive at a particular time, you should arrive exactly on time 
[T] [F] If you are invited to someone’s house in America for dinner, you should bring a gift, such as