Ngữ pháp căn bản và bài tập ứng dụng về thì của động từ

I.Thì Hiện Tại Đơn (The Present Simple)
1. Form a. TO BE:
(+) Khẳng định: Ex: She is in the room.
I
Am
I’m
She, He, It
Is
She’s,
We, You, They
Are
We’re,
 (-) Phủ định: Ex: She is not in the room.
I
am not
She, He, It
is not
isn’t
We, You,They,
are not
aren’t
(?) Nghi vấn: Ex: Is she in the room?
Am 
I?
Is
she, he, it?
Are 
we, you, they?
b. Động từ thường.
(+) Khẳng định:
I, You, We, They
V(inf)
She, He, It
V-(e/es)
(-)Phủ định:
I, You, We, They
do not ( don’t)
V ( inf)
She, He, It
does not (doesn’t)
V(inf)
(?) Nghi vấn:
Do
I, You, We, They
V ( inf) ?
Does 
She, He, It
V ( inf)?
2. Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả thói quen và hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong hiện tại 
Ex: I often get up early in the morning.
 He usually goes to school late.
Diễn tả một chân lí hoặc một sự thật luôn đúng.
Ex: The Earth moves around the Sun.
 Buffaloes don’t eat meat.
Ý kiến hoặc sở thích cá nhân
Ex: I think he is good teacher.
 She enjoys rock music.
Nói về một hành động trong tương lai đã được đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch.
Ex: The next term starts on 5 September.
 Nói về suy nghĩ, cảm giác ở thời điểm hiện tại.
Ex: I don’t want go out this evening.
 He feels sick.
II. Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn (The Present Progessive)
Form To be + V-ing
(+) Khẳng định: “ am/ are/is + V-ing”
Ex: She is working.
(-) Phủ định: “am/are/is + not + V-ing”
Ex: She is not working.
(?) Nghi vấn: “Am/Are/Is + S + V-ing?”
Ex: Is she working?
Chú ý: - Những động từ tận cùng bằng “e” (câm), trước khi thêm đuôi “ing” bỏ e. Ex: come: coming, have: having. Nhưng: be: being: see: seeing
Nhưng động từ tận cùng bằng “ie” trước khi thêm “ing” phải đổi “ie” thành “y”
Ex: lie: lying; tie: tying
Những động từ tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm, trước nó là một nguyên âm duy nhất trước khi thêm “ing” phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối
Ex: rub: rubbing; stop: stopping; putting
Nhưng: look: looking; brush: brushing
Use( cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm hiện tại, ngay lúc nói
 Ex: it is raining now.
 Listen! They are coming.
Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian hiện tại.
Ex: they are building a bolock of classrooms there.
 Peter is a student, but he is working as a waiter during summer.
Diễn tả một dự định sẽ thực hiện ở tương lai gần (có kế hoạch từ trước)
Ex: What are you doing tonight? I’m watching the film on the television.
Cảm giác bực mình, khó chịu (thường dùng với always, constantly, forever)
Ex: Peter always talking in the class.
Notes: - Một số động từ thường không dùng ở hiện tại tiếp diễn mà dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn mặc dù nó diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra vào thời điểm nói. Đó là những động từ trạng thái: to be, like, hate, love, prefer, want, know, understand, rememer, need, believe, wish, mean, appear, owe, seem, suppose, guess,involve,
 -Các động từ sau đây dùng được ở 2 hình thức với nghĩa khác nhau: think, feel, smell, taste, measure, see, Ex: I see what you mean. (Tôi hiểu anh ấy muôn nói gì)
	I am seeing Tom tomorrow. (Tôi sẽ gặp Tom vào ngày mai.)
III. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH: (The present perfect)
Form
Khẳng định: I, We, You, They	+	have	+	Vpp
	She, He, It	+	has	+ 	Vpp
Phủ định: I, We, You, They	+	have	not	+	Vpp
	She, He, It	+	has	not	+ 	Vpp
Nghi vấn: Have	+ 	I, We, You, They	+	Vpp
	 Has	+ 	She, He, It	+ 	Vpp
Notes: Vpp = V-ed hoặc xem ở cột ba bảng động từ bất quy tắc. 
Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ,kéo dài đến hiện tại và còn có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai thường đi với các từ “since”, “for”.
Ex: They haved lived here for ten years.
	He has had his car since he was 21.
Diễn ta một hđ hay một sự việc xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứnhưng không xác định rõ thời gian thường đi kèm với các từ “notyet”, “yet”, never, already, before, just, recently, lately, so far, up to now, since + mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian.
Ex: We haven’t finished our homework yet.
	They have never read the novel before.
Diễn tả một hđ hay một sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ mà kết quả còn lưu lại ở hiện tại.
Ex: I can’t do my homework because I have lost my pen.
Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, thường đi kèm với trạng từ Just, recently.
Ex: the train has just left the station.
IV. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The present perfect continous)
Form 
KĐ: I, You, We, They	+ have been+ V-ing
	She, He, It	+has been + V-ing
PĐ: thêm not sau have/has
NV: đảo Have/has lên trước chủ ngữ.
Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hđ hay một sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại. Cach dùng náy nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hđ.
Ex: How long have you been learning English?
	She has been waiting to see you since 2 o’clock.
Diễn tả một hđ có tính chất tạm thời hoặc có thể sắp thay đổi.
Ex: I have been living at Le Loi street, but I plan i move soon.
V. Thì qúa khứ đơn (The Past Simple)
 1. Form 
TO BE: KĐ: I, She, He, It	+	was
	You, We, They	+	were
	PĐ: thêm not vào sau was/were
	NV: đảo was/were lên trước chủ ngữ
ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG: KĐ: I, You, We, They +	V-ed/ cột 2 bảng động từ bất quy tắc	
	 She, He, It	+	V-ed/ cột 2 bảng động từ bất quy tắc	
 PĐ: I, You, We, They + did not ( didn’t)	+	V(inf)
 	 She, He, It	+ did not ( didn’t)	+	V(inf)
	NV: Did	+	S	+	V(inf)
Notes: Qui tắc thêm ED:
-Động từ tận cùng bằng “e” câm. Thì chỉ cần thêm “d”: change-> changed, love-> loved.
- ĐT tận cùng bằng một phụ âm trước nó là nguyên âm duy nhất, trước khi thêm “ed” phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối: stop->stopped, rub->rubbed; hug-> hugged. 
Nhưng Look->looked; brush-> brushed.
-Những động từ tận cùng bằng “y” trước nó là một phụ âm thì đổi y->i trước khi thêm “ed”:
 try->tied 
2.Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hđ đã xảy ra và chấm dứt ở một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Thường đi kèm với các từ chỉ thời gian: yesterday, ago, last/night, week, month, in 1990
Ex: Yesterday he went home late.
Kể lại một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tục.
Ex: The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room, went to bed and lay down on it.
Một việc làm thường xảy ra, một thói quen trong quá khứ. Thường đi với phó từ tần suất.
Ex: I spoke Chinese when I was young.
VI. Thì quà khứ tiếp diễn (The past continous)
Form KĐ: I, She, He, It	+was + V-ing
 	You, We, They	+were+ V-ing
PĐ: thêm not sau was ( wasn’t)/ were (weren’t)
NV: đảo was/were lên trước chủ ngữ.
Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hđ đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: What were you doing at 9 o’clock last night?
Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hđ cùng xảy ra đồng thới trong quá khứ.
Ex: While father was reading a book, my mother was watching TV.
Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác chen vào ( hành động chen vào ở quá khứ đơn). Ex: when he came, we were watching television.
VII. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn ( The past perfect continous)
Form KĐ: S	+had been+	V-ing
PĐ: S	+had not been+ V-ing
NV: Had	+S	+been+	V-ing
Use( Cách dùng)
Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hđ hay tình huống cho đến khi một hđ khác trong quá khứ xảy ra (hđ này dùng thì quá khứ đơn).
Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting for three hours.
IX. Thì tương lai đơn (The simple future)
Form KĐ: 	S	+shall/will	+	V(inf)
PĐ: thêm not sau shall/will 
NV: đảo shall/will lên trước chủ ngữ
Use (Cách dùng)
Sự việc diễn ra trong tương lai. Ex: She will be here in a minute.
Một quyết định đưa ra vào lúc nói. Ex: It is cold. I will shut the window.
Một đề nghị hoặc lời hứa. Ex: I will tell him about that. Don’t worry.
Một dự đoán trong tương lai. Ex: It will rain tomorrow.
Đề nghị muốn giúp được hoặc cần được giúp đỡ.Ex: Will I carry the bag for you?
Notes: cách dùng của be going to so với thì tương lai đơn.
Một việc chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra ở thì tương lai gần. Ex: He going to the café 
Một ý định đã được sắp đặt trước. Ex: She going to buy a computer.
Một dự đoán có căn cứ. Ex: There isn’t a cloud in the sky, It’s going to be a lovely day.
X. Thì Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn (The Future continous)
	S+	will be	+	V-ing
XI. Thì Tương Lai Hoàn Thành (The future perfect)
	S+ will have	+	V(ed/ cột thứ 3 bảng đt bất quy tắc)
XII. Thì Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn (The future perfect continous)
	S+ 	will have been	+	V(ed/ cột thứ 3 bảng đt bất quy tắc)
Exercises
I. Use "do not" or "does not" to complete the sentences.
1.I ....... prefer coffee.
2. She ....... ride a bike to her office.
3.Their friends ....... live in a small house.
4. They ....... do the homework on weekends.
5. Mike ....... play soccer in the afternoons.
6. The bus ....... arrive at 8.30 a.m.
7. We ....... go to bed at midnight.
8. My brother ....... finish work at 8 p.m.
II. Put the verbs in the brackets using the present simple
1.Robin (play)..........football every Sunday.
2. We (have)..........a holiday in December every year.
3.He often (go)..........to work late.
4. The moon (circle)..........around the earth.
5.The flight (start)..........at 6 a.m every Thursday.
6. Peter (not/ study)..........very hard. He never gets high scores.
7.My mother often (teach)..........me English on Saturday evenings.
8.I like Math and she (like)..........Literature.
9.My sister (wash)..........dishes every day.
10. They (not/ have)..........breakfast every morning.
 III. complete the sentences with the given words
1. My brothers (sleep) on the floor. (often) 
=> 
2. He (stay) up late? (sometimes) 
=> 
3. I (do) the housework with my brother. (always) 
=> 
4. Peter and Mary (come) to class on time. (never) 
=> 
5. Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always) 
=> 
6. You (go) shopping? (usually) 
=> 
7. She (cry). (seldom) 
=> 
8. My father (have) popcorn. (never) 
=>
IV. Put the verbs in the brackets using the present continous
1. I ___________ (watch) a reality show on TV.
2. My favourite team ___________ (win)!
3. Someone ___________ (swim) in the sea.
4. Two people ___________ (cook) dinner on the beach.
5. We ___________ (not watch) a soap opera.
6. I ___________ (not do) my homework.
7. Mum ___________ (read) a magazine.
8. My brother ___________ (not listen) to the radio.
9. Dad ___________ (not cook) dinner.
10. Tara ___________ (talk) by phone.
11. Joe ___________ (play) on the computer.
12. Who ___________(watch) TV?
13. Tina ___________ (do) grammar exercises.
14. I ___________ (eat) a pizza.
15. We ___________ (sit) in the classroom.
16. I ___________ (not write) an email.
17. Amy ___________ (not go) to school today.
18. We ___________ (not have) fun today.
19. My team ___________ (not win) the match.
20. My parents ___________ (drive) to work now.
21. ___________ they ___________ (read) magazines? Yes, they are.
22. ___________ you ___________ (learn) English? Yes I am.
23. ___________ Helen ___________ (write) a letter? No, she isn´t.
24. ___________ Sarah ___________ (play) the guitar? Yes, she is.
25. We ___________ (not play) basketball.
V.Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct forms.
1.What______ Mr Brown(do)_______in the garden?
2.I(not sleep)_______very well lately because of the noisy traffic.
3.I(try)________ to get a loan from the bank for eighteen months now.
4.The architect (finish)_______ the plans for the new high school.
5.The yard (be)______ full of dead leaves.
6.I (wait)_________ for Tom since ten o’clock.
7. The council (build)_______ twenty new houses every month.
8. There (not be)______ any open fireplaces in this house.
9.The government (make)_______ many laws about housing.
10. The residents’ association generally(meet)________ once a month.
11.Last week I(drive)________ to the office everyday.
12. In hot weather, fresh milk quickly(turn)______sour.
13. How many lessons______you (have)______ before you passed your test?
14. How_____you (manage)______to stop in time when that car shot out in front of you?
15. He ran over the cat as it(run)_______ across the road.
16. The front type busrt just as he(run)______the corner.
17. The car was stolen because he (forget)______to lock it.
18. I(think)_____ of going out when you (call)______.
19. The thief (take)______the money when the staff (have)_______lunch.
20._____you (see)______Jack at the party last week?
21.What_____you(do)______ at 6 p.m yesterday?
22. He (win)_____ the gold medal in 2004.
23. He(leave)______ home two weeks ago and we (not hear)______ from him since.
24. While you (play)______ the guitar, I (write)______ a letter.
25. We(not see)______ your father for ages.
26.______you(read)_____that novel yet?
27.I think she (hear)______all about it by the time I (see)______her.
28. Don’tphone them now. They(not get)_____home yet. They(probaly get back)______ at
About half past eight.
29. Ann is very tired. She (work)______hard.
30. I think he (leave)______as soon as he (know)______ the news.
31.All of them(sing)_____when I came.
32. Up to then, I _____never(see)______such a fat man.
33. Bill(work)______at the university for 40 years before he(retire)______
34.They______(just lose)_______way.
35. Please do not make so much noisy. I (study)______.
36.Where ___________you(live)___________?I (live)___________in Xuan Hoa town
37.What _______________he (do) ________now?He(water)___________flowers in his garden.
38.What __________she (do)_____________?
She(be)______________a teacher.
39.____________you(be)in 4A?
No,I (not be)_______________.
40.Where _______you (be) from?
41.At the moment , my sisters (play)____________volleyball and my brother (play)_________soccer.
42.It is 9.00, my family(watch)_______________TV.
43.In the summer, I usually (go)________to park with my friends and in the spring , we (have ) ______Tet Holiday, I (be)________happy because I always (visit) ________my granparents.
44._____________your father (go)_____________to work by bus ?
45.How _________your sister (go)___________to school?
46.What time _________they (get up)____________?
47.What _________they (do)____________in the winter?
48.Today,we (have)_____________English.
49.Her favourite subject (be)__________________English .
50.Now, my brother (eat)_________________a banana.
51.Look! Aman (call)_________________you.
52.Keep silent ! I (listen )_______________to radio .
53.________you (play)____________badminton now?
54.Everyday,my father (get up)________________at 5.00 a.m but today ,he (get up) _________at 6.00a.m.
55.Every morning , I (watch)____________TV at 10.00 but today , I (listen) _____________ to music at 10.00.
56.Everyday , I(go) _______to school by bike but today I am going to school by motorbike.
57.Every morning, my father (have) ___________a cup of coffe but today he (drink)______________ milk.
58. At the moment, I(read)_______________a book and my brother (watch)______________TV.
59.Hoa (live)_____________in Hanoi , Ha (live)___________in HCM City.
60.Hung and his friend (play)_______________badminton.
61.They usually (get up)________________at 6.00 in the morning.
62.Ha never(go)__________fishing in the winter but she always (do)__________it in the summer.
63.My teacher (tell)_______________Hoa about Math.
64There(be)________________animals in the circus.
65._________he (watch)_____________tv at 7.00 every morning?
66.What _____________she (do ) _________________at 7.00 A.m?
67.How old _________she(be)?
68.How ___________she (be)?
69.My children (go)______________to school by bike.
70.We (go)_____________to supermarket to (buy)___________some food .
71.Mr.Hung (go)________________to Hanoi every month.
72.Ha (like)______________coffee, but I (not like)______________it.
73.She (like )___________Tea,but she (not like)________________coffee.
74.I (love)_______________ catbut I (not love)______________dog.
75.Everyday ,I (go)______to school on foot , but today I (go)___________to school by bike.
76.Who you ______________(wait) for,Vien (wait)______________ for Mr.Hung.
77.My sister (get)________dressed and (brush)__________her teeth at 6.30 everyday.
78.Mrs.Huong (not live)__________in town .She (live)_________in a house in the country.
79.How _______your children (go)_____________to school everyday?
80.It’s 9 o’clock in the morning .Lien (be)________in her room. She (listen) ______________to music.
81.We____________________(play) soccer in the yard now.
82.My father (go)__________to work by bike.Sometimes he(walk)_______.
83_________you (live)_______near a market? ____it (be)________noisy?
84.Now I (eat)__________an apple and Hoa (listen)____________to music.
85.At the moment ,Nam and his friends (go)__________________shopping.
86.In the autumn, I rarely (go)__________sailing and (go)_______to school.
87.I (write)_________________a letter to my friend now.
88.At 12 a.m every day, I (have)____________lunch and (go)_______to bed.
89.On Monday, I (have)___________________math and Art.
90.On Friday, I (have)__________English.
91. At the moment, I (eat)__________an orange and My sisters (play)_________tennis.
92._______her bag (be)?No,they(not be)______________.
93.What time _____________your children(go)_______ ___ to school?
94.He (live)____________in HCM City.
95.What time___________your brother (get)___________up?
96.My house (be)_________in the city and it (be)_________small.
97.Every morning , we (have)__________breakfast at 7.00 a.m.
98.This (be)________a book and there (be)____________pens.
99.Mr.Quang (live)____________in the country .His house (have)______a garden.
100.Viet (not have)______________Literature on Friday.
101.What time _________you (start)___________your class?
102.__________you (be)in class 4A?
103.Mrs.Ha (learn)____________in Hanoi but she (not live)____________ in Ha Noi.
104.My brother (not live )_____________in London , he (live )___________ in Manchester.
105.Now ,Mr.Long (draw ) ____________________his house.
106.He (like)_____________apples but he (not like)___________banana.
107.__________________she (like)______________apples?
108.Usually,I (have)_________________lunch at 12.00.
_______________you (have) ___________lunch at 11.00?
109.He can (swim)___________but I can’ t
VI. Choose the right answers
It always_________in this region in November.
A. rains
B. rained
C. is raining
Has rained
Nowadays, most children______cartoon films and games.
A.likes
B. like
C. is liking
D.have liked
Where is Mary? – She _______ for the dinner in the kitchen at the present.
A.prepares
B. prepared
C. is preparing
D. has prepared
I ______ my motor’s rear mirror recently.
A. break
B. broke
C.am breaking
D. have broken
She ______int he computer at 4:00 p.m yesterday.
A.is working
B. was working
C.worked
D. had worked
Water______of hydrogen and oxygen.
A.consists
B. consist 
C. is consisting
D.has consisted 
Do not give chocolate to Helen. She _______it very much.
A.hated
B.hates
C.is hating
D. has hated
The Sun _____us heat and light.
A.gives
B.gave
C. have given
D.will give
We______students, so we______go to school on weekdays.
A. are/often goes
B. were/often go
C. are/often go
D.has been/often went
Cats______milk, but birds_______.
A.like/don’t like
B.liked/ hasn’t liked
C. likes/ doesn’t like
D. will like/don’t like
Every day, Sarah_____her children to school and then ______home to prepare lunch.
A.takes/will return
B. has taken/returns
C. takes/returns
D. take/has returnes
The Sun____the ball of fire in the sky that the Earth ____round.
A.is/goes
B.is/is going
C. was/was going
D.was/went
Many people______living in the Seatle because it_____ continually.
A.hate/often rained
B.hate/often rains
C.hated/ rains often
D. hated/often rained
Listen! Mr. John______the piano. You ______so much noisy.
A.plays/ should not make
B. is playing/ should not make
C.was playing/ do not make
D.has played/ don’t make
Right now, Long_____with his friends. They ______the differences between British English and American English.
A.has been sitting/h