Lý thuyết và bài tập về Liên từ

English 11 CONJUNCTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS Review for NHC examination
A. THEORY -1. Định nghĩa: Liên từ là từ dùng để nối các từ loại, cụm từ hay mệnh đề.
 - 2. Phân loại: a. Coordinating Conjunctions (liên từ kết hợp)
* Mẹo giúp nhớ các liên từ kết hợp: FANBOYS (F – for, A – and, N – nor, B – but, O – or, Y – yet, S – so)
 b, Correlative Conjunctions (liên từ tương quan): Liên từ tương quan để kết nối 2 đơn vị từ với nhau và luôn đi thành cặp không thể rời. 
- EITHER  OR: dùng để diễn tả sự lựa chọn: hoặc là cái này, hoặc là cái kia.
- NEITHER  NOR: dùng để diễn tả phủ định kép: không cái này cũng không cái kia.
- BOTH  AND: dùng để diễn tả lựa chọn kép: cả cái này lẫn cả cái kia.
- NOT ONLY  BUT ALSO: dùng để diễn tả lựa chọn kép: không những cái này mà cả cái kia
* Lưu ý: trong cấu trúc với neithernor và eitheror, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ gần nhất còn trong cấu trúc với bothand và not only but also, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ kép (là cả 2 danh từ trước đó.)
- WHETHER  OR: dùng để diễn tả nghi vấn giữa 2 đối tượng: liệu cái này hay cái kia.
- AS AS: dùng để so sánh ngang bằng: bằng, như - RATHER  THAN : dùng để diễn tả lựa chọn
- SUCH THAT / SO  THAT: dùng để diễn tả quan hệ nhân – quả
- SCARELY  WHEN / NO SOONER  THAN: dùng để diễn tả quan hệ thời gian: ngay khi
 c, Subordinating Conjunctions (liên từ phụ thuộc).
- AFTER / BEFORE - ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN / PHARSE OF CONCESSION 
- AS: dùng để diễn tả hai hành động cùng xảy ra – khi; hoặc diễn tả nguyên nhân – bởi vì
- AS LONG AS: câu điều kiện - AS SOON AS: dùng để diễn tả quan hệ thời gian – ngay khi mà
- BECAUSE / SINCE * Lưu ý: because of / due to + phrase để diễn đạt ý tương đương.
- EVEN IF: dùng để diễn tả điều kiện giả định mạnh –kể cả khi
- IF / UNLESS: dùng để diễn tả điều kiện – nếu / nếu không
- ONCE: dùng để diễn tả ràng buộc về thời gian – một khi
- NOW THAT: dùng để diễn tả quan hệ nhân quả theo thời gian – vì giờ đây
- SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT - UNTIL: thường dùng với câu phủ định – cho đến khi
- WHEN – WHERE - WHILE (= WHEREAS)
- IN CASE / IN THE EVENT THAT
B. PRACTICE EXERCISE
Part A: Multiple choice of Conjunction exercises.
I. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. The sky was gray and cloudy. ________, we went to the beach.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
2. I turned on the fan __________ the room was hot.
A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because
3. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight ________ we can find a baby-sitter.
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. only if
4. Carol showed up for the meeting ________ I asked her not to be there.
A. even though B. despite C. provided that D. because
5. You must lend me the money for the trip. ________, I won’t be able to go.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although
6. The road will remain safe ________ the flood washes out the bridge.
A. as long as B. unless C. providing that D. since
7. The roles of men and women were not the same in ancient Greece. For example, men were both participants and spectators in the ancient Olympics. Women, ________ were forbidden to attend or participate.
A. nevertheless B. on the other hand C. therefore D. otherwise
8. The windows were all left open. _____, the room was a real mess after the windstorm.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
9. It looks like they’re going to succeed ________ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. because of C. even though D. yet
10. ________ Marge is an honest person, I still wonder whether she’s telling the truth about the incident.
A. In spite of B. Since C. Though D. In the event that
11. The professor told me that I was doing well, ________ my final grade was awful!
A. so B. therefore C .in spite of D. yet
12. ________ Beth has a new car, she no longer takes the commuter train to work. She drives to work every day. A. Now that B. While C. Although D. In case
13. You’d better give me your answer quickly, ________ I’ll withdraw the invitation.
A. although B. nevertheless C. even though D. or else
14. What time do you expect Ted to be home? I must talk to him. I usually go to bed around ten, but tell him to call me tonight ________ it’s past midnight.
A. however B. in case C. even if D. as long as
15. ____ you’re going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me?
A. Even if B. Although C. So D. As long as
16. I guess I’m a soft touch. I just lent Jan some money for lunch _____ she never paid me back my last loan. 
A. even though B. unless C. or else D. only if
17. I think I did okay in my speech last night _____ I’d had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
A. even B. in spite of C. unless D. despite the fact that
18. I asked Angela to run the office while I’m gone _______ I know I can depend on her.
A. unless B. since C. although D. therefore
19. ________ I heard the telephone ring, I didn’t answer it.
A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. Provided that
20. ________ the salary meets my expectations. I will accept the job offer.
A. Due to B. Even if C. Provided that D. Unless
21. To power their inventions, people have made use of natural energy sources, __ coal, oil, water, and steam.
A. in addition to B. as C. and they use D. such as by tom 
22. ________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous baler company.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
23. Alex cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in his job _______ he improves his language skills.
A. otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
24. ________ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.
A. Unless B. Even though C. Even D. Only if
25. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen. ________ it will stop burning.
A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
26. I studied Spanish for four years in high school. ________, I had trouble talking with people when I was traveling in Spain.
A. Therefore B. On the other hand C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
27. I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble. ________, we are going to make some people redundant.
A. Therefore B. However C. But D. And
28. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, ______, prefers a warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut.
A. nevertheless B. consequently C. on the other hand D. moreover
29. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ________ other species can live only in fresh water.
A. whereas B. unless C. if D. since
30. ________ Jason because famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn’t do that.
A. If B. Ever since C. Even though D. Due to
31. We’re going to lose this game ________ the team doesn’t start playing better soon.
A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas
32. Jack insisted that he didn’t need any help, ________ I helped him anyway.
A. and B. so C. besides D. but
33. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand beaches. ________, it has warm, sunny weather.
A. Otherwise B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand
34. The flowers will soon start to bloom ________ winter is gone and the weather is beginning to get warmer.
A. even if B. now that C. so D. even though
35. Only if you promise to study hard ________ to tutor you.
A. will I agree B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
II. Circle the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting:
36. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam. 
37. Many teachers have devoted all their lives to teaching so teaching is not a well paid job. 
38. They can speak English and use a computer so as to they can easily get a good job. 
39. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming. 
40. The prices of accommodation are as big that many people cannot afford to buy a house. 
Part 2: Writing
41. He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired. => In spite of _____________________________________
47. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough. => Because of _________________________________
42. Although he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian. (despite)
=> ______________________________________________________________________________________
.43. In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home before dark. (although)
=> ______________________________________________________________________________________
Part B: Preposition exercises
I. Read these sentences aloud using the correct prepositions.
1. He talked to me _________ the problem. 2. The room measured three metres _________ five.
3. Throughout the holidays it rained day____ day. 4. He lied _________the police
5. Port comes __________Portugal. 6. The movie was boring from beginning _____ end.
7. The train is not _________ time so we will be late. 8. I prefer to pay ________ cheque rather than cash.
9. In the floods there were ten thousand square kilometres ___________ water.
10. The goods do not have to be paid for in advance but can be sent cash __________ delivery.
II. Intermediate preposition. Complete with the most suitable preposition.
1. She has got over her illness, and is up and.................. again.
2. The cars were moving round the track...................... high speed. 
3. I saw it all. It happened.................... my very eyes.
4. The noisy children burst.................. the room.
5. He is too young. He is................... age for admission to that nightclub.
6. They gave their customer a guided tour................. their workshops.
7. She was able to make him do whatever she wanted. She could twist him.................... her little finger.
8. I have the job................. hand and should complete it by late afternoon.
III. Intermediate preposition. Complete with the most suitable preposition.
1. Hurry up! The train is...................... to leave.
2. We shall see each other again.................... long.
3. Much of Holland is........................ sea level.
4. He stayed loyal to his friends..................... thick and thin.
5. I play tennis when I am....................... work.
6. If you smoke, you are.................. danger of getting ill.
7. It is a pity that holidays cannot last.................. ever.
8. The room measured five metres.................... six.
III. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence with appropriate preposition.
1. When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _____ her parents.
A. to B. for C. of D. from
2. Why don’t we stay ______ home _______ a change?
A. from/ as B. at / with C. at / for D. at/ on
3. A horse is always mounted ______ the left side. A. on B. to C. from D. at
4. What would you like to have _____ lunch/ A. at B. in C. for D. of
5. Surgeons use lasers _______ miraculously accurate scalpels.
A. for B. as C. of D. with
6. The Medical Center is close______ the school. A. to B. at C. next D. from
7. Once scientists fully understand the cause ______ a disease, it becomes easier for them to find a cure ___ it. 
A. of / of B. of / from C. from / in D. of / for
8. There is a shop _____ front _____ my house.
A. at / in B. out / next C. in / of D. of / in
9. He stamped ______ until the stinging return to his feet.
A. on and off B. out and in C. down and up D. up and down
10. The only way ______ cross the river is ______ swim.
A. to / to B. of / by C. on / to D. in / by
11. The summer is over. Pupils and students have to go ______ to school on Monday.
A. back B. on C. through D. into
12. He threw stones _____ his attackers, trying to drive them _____.
A. to / out B. for / up C. at / away D. at / up
13. The medical center is closed ______ campus. A. to B. up C. for D. with
14. I haven’t gone there _____ ages. A. with B. in C. for D. of
15. Most college football games are played ______ Saturdays.
A. at B. in C. with D. on
16. Leaves turn color _______ the autumn. A. for B. on C. at D. in
17. _____ the whole, I enjoy the movie. A. On B. In C. At D. Up
18. She’ll come home ______ April. A. on B. in C at D. for
19. The art museum is located next _____ the museum of natural history on State Street. 
A. to B. for C. on D. with
20. Minh was born_____ Ho Chi Minh city. A. on B.at C.in D. up
21. Mai graduated _______ the University of Education.
A. from B. at C. in D. for
22. English is spoken in many countries all _____ the world.
A. in B. over C. at D. from
23. _______ many areas of the world, wars have made lives more miserable.
A. on B. from C. in D. at
24. When we arrived _______ the station, the last train had just gone. 
A. in B. at C. for D. from
25. Approaching ______ the village, we saw the village common in the distance A. at B. in C. to D. x