Lý thuyết và bài tập về Cụm động từ

PHRASE VERBS
1. Cụm động từ là một động từ kết hợp với một hay nhiều tiểu từ ( giới từ hoặc phó từ) để tạo ra một từ mới và thường được sử dụng trong văn phong thân mật. Chúng có thể mang nghĩa đen ( nghĩa do động từ và tiểu từ tạo thành) hoặc nghĩa thành ngữ (nghĩa không được tạo ra bởi động từ và tiểu từ), hoặc mang cả hai nghĩa. Tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh để hiểu theo nghĩa đen hay nghĩa bóng.
Ex: Stand up, look after, look for
 He put on his coat and went out
 Lastnight when I was doing my homework, electric went out.
2. Các loại cụm động từ: Có 4 loại cụm động từ:
Loại 1. Động từ + Tiểu từ ( không kèm tân ngữ)
Sit down
Stand up
Walk out
Go away
Go out 
Get up
She stood up and walked out
Loại 2. Động từ + tiểu từ + tân ngữ ( có thể tách ra được): 
Là các cụm động từ cho phép tân ngữ đứng chen vào giữa động từ và tiểu từ.
Pull down sth: kéo đổ cái gì
Put up sth/sb: treo cái gì lên/ cho ai ngủ nhờ
Put on sth: mặc cái gì vào
Put off sth: hoãn việc gì 
Put out: dập tắt
Take away sth: mang đi
Throw away sth : ném cái gì đi
Let down sb: làm ai thất vọng
Try on sth: thử cái gì vào
Turn on/ off/ up/ down sth: bật/ tắt/ vặn to/ nhỏ/ cái gì đó.
We put the fire out.
Turn on TV = Turn TV on
I put up the picture = I put the picture up
I put up my sister = I put my sister up.
Chú ý: Nếu tân ngữ là danh từ nó có thể đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ hoặc đứng sau tiểu từ nhưng nếu tân ngữ là đạị từ nó luôn đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ không đứng sau tiểu từ.
Ex: turn on TV = Turn TV on hoặc turn it on: không nói turn on it
I put up my friend = I put my friend up = I put her up không nói I put up her.
Loại 3. Động từ + tiểu từ + tân ngữ ( không tách ra được /inseperable phrasal verbs)
Là các động từ cụm không cho phép tân ngữ chen vào giữa, dù tân ngữ là danh từ hoặc đại từ:
Come across, Look after: chăm sóc, Look up
Look for, Take after: giống, Give up: bỏ, từ bỏ, Find out: khám phá, phát hiện, Care for: thích
They come across my room. Họ đi ngang qua phòng của tôi
I came across my an old friend when I was waiting for the bus. Tôi tình cờ gặp người ban cũ.
Loại 4. Động từ + tiểu từ + tiểu từ. Thường mang nghĩa thành ngữ.
Looking forward to: Mong đợi
Get along with: có mối quan hệ tốt, hòa thuận
Put up with: chịu đựng
Come down with: mắc phải một căn bệnh
Catch up with: đuổi kịp
See about to: lo lắng, săn sóc, chạy vạy
Try out for: thử vai, thử giọng 
EXERCISE OF PHRASE VERBS 
1. Put one of the word from the list in each space
 up (x3), out(x4), round, off(x2)
Lan was brought up... by her grandparents
Why don’t you let me show you round. the city?
She is coming to pick me up.. after work.
Have you found out. what time the train leaves?
We had to wait for an hour before the plane took off.
A shelf fell on my head and knocked me out..
I was so angry when I saw the parking ticket that I tore it up..
A fire has broken out in an office block in central London.
Mary always talk loudly and shows off...
If you don’t like this part you can leave it out...
2. Choose the best answer.
1.Please .. round and see me sometime soon.
a. go	 b. come 	c. take 	d. turn
2. My alarm clock every morning.
a. comes	 b. goes	 c. turns 	d. looks 
3. Her joke never quite seem to come
a. at 	b. on 	c. in 	d. off
4. I hope it wwould be possible if I ask you to put me .
a. up 	b. on 	c. in 	d. off
5. A lot of people are taken .. by his easy charm. He’s got cruel streak.
a. on 	b. in 	c. up	 d. off
6. We’ll put.. our holiday until Jack has got .. the flu.
a. up/over 	b. off/ over 	c. on/up 	d. out/up
7. I wonder if they will ever . back corporal punishment.
a. bring	 b. come 	c. look 	d. get
8. She’s trying to bring three children on her own.
a. in	 b. out 	c. up 	d. over
9- How are you getting ..at your school?
a. up 	b. on 	c. at	 d. in
10- I don’t know how you  his bad behavior.
a. put out 	b. put up 	c. put up to 	d. put up with
3. Hoàn thành câu dùng cụm động từ với put/ take/make
1 - Progress: "How are you making __________ out in your new job?" 
2 - To quickly steal something and leave with it: "Thieves made______ off with all the cash in the store." 
3 - Accept / tolerate: "I can't put ________ up with the noise any longer. I'm leaving." 
4 - Start / become interested in: "I'm thinking about taking _________ up piano lessons." 
5 - Return something: " take ________ back the dress to the shop if it's too small." 
6 - To kill a sick or injured animal: "The vet had to put __ down our dog because it was too old and sick." 
7 - To invent a story: "I make _________ up a story to tell my son before he goes to sleep." 
8 - Write Down: "The police took ____________ down some of his details during the interview." 
9 - Looks like/behaves like: "He takes __________ after his father; they are both stubborn." 
10 - Postpone: "Let's put ___________ off this meeting until next week. We'll have more time then." 
4- Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
	Sophie was brought (1).in England in the country. When she was 17 she went to visit an aunt in New York. She was nervous when her flight to New York took (2) .. six hours late and the cold New York winter brought (3).a nasty cold. But she soon began to feel at home and was taking the city for granted. Living there really brought out the best in Sophie. She had always enjoyed taking (4)here teachers and now she decided to take (5) drama. She took part in an amateur production. She took a great pride in her performance, which was so successful that a professional drama group was taken to take her (6)..Although acting is difficult career, they were sure she could bring it off. The suggestion took her breath away at first but then she decided that she had really (7) .up acting and wanted to make it her career. Her father couldn’t take the idea (8) at first as he had assumed she would go for a job taking care of children. He said she had been taken (9)..false promises but eventually she brought him (10) and he took back what he had said. Her mother took it all in her stride from the start. Now Sophie’s career has really taken off and she’s becoming quite famous all over the world.
1- 	A. on	B. up	C. in	D. over
2- 	A. in	B. over	C. on	D. off
3- 	A. in	B. on	C. up	D. down
4- 	A. to	B. off	C. with	D. away
5- 	A. up	B. to	C. at	D. off
6- 	A. in	B. on	C. over	D. out
7- 	A. taken	B. brought	C. turned	D. looked
8- 	A. out	B. in	C. up	D. on
9- 	A. on	B. up	C. over	D. in
10-	A. down	B. back	C. away	D. round
5. Thay thế những từ trong ngoặc bằng một cụm động từ phù hợp. (Thay đổi thì của động từ nếu cần)
Go for 4/went 
Turn up1/turns
Look after 10
Take afer 12
Hold up14/ held
Go in for 9
Look into2
Go off 3/went
Try out 5
Run out of 6
Get over 13/got
Do away with 15
Call off 8/called
Go along with 7
Come up with 11/ came
1. The trouble with Frank is that he never.. (arrives) on time for the meeting.
2. John, I’d like you to.(examine) this complaint we received this morning.
3. The bomb..(exploded) with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
4. He was walking through the park when a strange dog suddenly ..(attactked) him.
5.Wait for me in minutes! I jusst want to .. (test) my new tape recorder.
6. You can’t have a sandwich, I’m afraid. We’ve (used up our supply of) bread.
7. Yes, I’ll ..(accept) that.
8. Because of a heavy downpour, the proposed open- air concert had to be( cancelled).	
9. Why don’t you..(enter) the “Miss United Kingdom” contesr, Anna? I’m sure you’d win it.
10. Would you..(take care of) my handbag while I go to the toilet?
11. I wonder who first ( thought of) the idea of wearing seatbelts in cars?
12. What a lovely baby! She certainly....(look like) her mother, doesn’t she?
13. He still hasn’t really..( recovered from) the death of his wife.
14.Because of the accident on the line between Brighton and Victoria, The train was ( delayed) for several hours.
15. I’ve been feeling so depressed lately that I feel templed to ...(kill) myself.