Lý thuyết và bài tập về các thì trong tiếng Anh - Trường THPT Long Bình

TENSES
Forms
Uses and Examples
Adverbs
1. The Present Simple Tense:
- ‘to be’: S + am/is/are
- ordinary verbs: S + V1-s/-es
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển hiên.
Ex: The sun rises in the East.
- Diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy ra ở hiện tại.
Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle.
- Diễn tả hành động , sự việc tương lai sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hay lịch trình.
Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning
today, always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ year/ once/ three times a week/a month, . .. 
2. The Present Continuous Tense
S + am/is/are + V-ing
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói hoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói.
Ex: Tom is having dinner at the moment.
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
- Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai có kế hoạch trước: 
Ex: George is leaving for New York tomorrow.
What are you doing tonight?
now, right now, at the moment, at present, ...; Look!, Listen!,...
3. The Present Perfect Tense
S + have/has + V3-ed
- Diễn tả một hành động vừ mới xảy ra.
Ex: I have just finished my homework.
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ thời điểm.
Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t.
- Diễn tả hảnh động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại, và có thể tiếp tục ở tương lai.
Ex: Mary has lived in this house for ten years.
- Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần.
Ex: I have seen this film three times.
- Dùng trong cấu trúc:
Be + the first/second time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Be + the ss nhất + N + S + have/has + V3/ed
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris.
She is the most honest person I have ever met.
never, ever, recently, lately, already, up to now, so far, for a long time, for ages, since, for, just, yet, several times, many times, How long, in the last hundred years,...
4. The Present Perfect Continuous:
S + have/has+ been + V-ing
Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại. (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động)
Notes: Không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để nói những tình huống tồn tại 1 thời gian dài nhất là khi có always.
Ex: Alice has always worked hard. (Không dùng has always been working hard)
How long, since, for
5. The Simple Past tense.
- ‘tobe’: S + was/were
- ordinary verbs: S + V2-ed
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: My mother left this city three years ago.
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra suốt thời gian dài trong quá khứ nhưng đã hoàn tòan chấm dứt.
Ex: Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/ month/ year/ Christmas, in 1995, ...
6. The Past Continuous Tense: 
S + was/were + V-ing
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở một thời điểm hay cả một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ.
Ex: I was watching a football match on T.V at 8 o'clock last night.
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ (QKTD) thì một hành động khác xảy ra (quá khứ đơn)
Ex: I was having dinner when he came.
- Diễn tả hai hoặc nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời tại cùng một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: At 8p.m yesterday, Mary was watching TV while Tom was reading a newspaper.
at 7.00 pm yesterday, at this time last night, when, while,...
7. The Past Perfect Tense:
S + had + V3-ed
Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước một thời điểm hay một sự việc khác trong quá khứ.
Ex: He had worked in that company for 5 years before 1995.
The train had gone when we arrived the station.
Before, after, up to then, when,...
8. The Past Perfect Continuous:
S + had been + V-ing
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ 2 xảy ra(hành động thứ 2 dùng Past Simple) thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được êu rõ trong câu.
Ex: The man had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came
9. The Simple Future Tense
S + will + V0
I, we + will/ shall + V0
- Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai.
Ex: He will be 20 next week.
- Diễn đạt ý kiến, đưa ra lời hứa hoặc một quyết định tức thì.
Ex: I think Liverpool will win.
I’ phone you tonight.
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next month/ week/ year/ Christmas/ Sunday, soon, sooner or later,...
10. Near Future:
S + is/am/are + going to + V0
- Hành động sắp và sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần dựa vào dấu hiệu của hiện tại.
Ex: Look at the black clouds in the sky. It's going to rain.
- Hành động tương lai có dự định trước:
Ex: I am going to sell my house next week.
tomorrow, next..., soon,...
11. The Future Continuous Tense:
S + will/shall + be + V-ing
- Diễn tả hành động đang tiến hành tại một thời điểm ở tương lai.
Eg: At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning he will be working at his office
- Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở tương lai thì có hành động khác xen vào.
Eg: I will be studying when you return this evening
They will be travelling in Italy by the time you arrive here.
- Dùng Will you be + V-ing? để hỏi về dự định của một người khi ta cần điều gì hoặc cần người đó làm điều gì.
Ex: A: Will you be using your motorbike this evening?
 B: No, you can take it.
 A: Will you be passing the post office when you go out?
 B: Yes, why?
this time next week, this time tomorrow,...
12. The Future Perfect Tense
S + will/shall + have + V-ing
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai.
Ex: I will have finished my work by noon.
By + mốc thời gian, by the time, by then.
13. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S + will/shall + have been + V-ing
Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài đến 1 thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai.
Ex: By November, we will been living in this house for 10 years.
By March 15th, I wil have been working for this company for 6 years.
By... + for + khoảng thời gian, by the time, by then.
1. Không dùng các thì tiếp diễn (continuous tenses) với các động từ chỉ nhận thức sau:
- Động từ chỉ giác quan hoạc động từ nối (verbs of senses or linking verbs): be, feel, look, hear, see, smell, sound, taste, notice,...
Ex: I don’t see anything now. Can you turn on the light? (NOT: I’m mot seeing anything now...)
- Động từ diễn tả tình cảm (verbs of emotions): like, love, hate, dislike, detest, fear, desire, need, respect, want, wish,...
Ex: Anita didn’t use to like classical music, but now she likes it a lot. (NOT: ... But now she is liking it a lot)
- Động từ chỉ sinh hoạt tinh thần (verbs of mental activities): believe, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand, suppose, think (that), ...
Ex: I believe they are enjoying themselves at the beach. (NOT: I’m believing they are...)
- Động từ chỉ sở hữu (verbs of possession): belong to, owe, own, possess, contain, consist of, depend on, have (=có),...
Ex: How much do owe me now? (NOT: How much you are owing me now?)
- Một số động từ thuộc nhóm trên nếu mang ý nghĩa diễn tả hành động thì có thể dùng ở các thì tiếp diễn:
Không dùng với thì tiếp diễn
Dùng với thì tiếp diễn
Smell (linking verb): có mùi
Ex: Your tower smells bad.
Smell (action verb): ngửi
Ex: Tom is smelling his tower to see it needs washing.
Các động từ giác quan khác cũng có cách dùng tương tự: taste: có mùi vị (LV), nếm (AV); feel: có cảm giác (LV); sờ xem (AV)
Think (that) cho rằng
Ex: I think you should pay more attention to your work.
Think about/of: suy nghĩ về/nhớ
Ex: “What are you thinking about?”
Have: có (động từ sở hữu)
Ex: I have my credit card but I don’t have any cash now.
Have dùng với thì tiếp diễn trong các cụm từ sau:
- have breakfast/lunch/dinner/meat/steak...: ăn = to eat
- have coffee/tea/orange juice/wine...: uống = to drink
- have a walk/a swim/ a bath/ a drive: đi bộ/ bơi/ tắm/ lái xe
- have trouble/a problem/a good time/ a party...: gặp rắc rối/vui vẻ/ mở tiệc
Ex: I don’t usually have wine with meals, but now I’m having a glass of whiskey.
Look (linking verb): trông có vẻ
Ex: You look ill. What’s the matter with you?
Look at/ after/ for (action verb): nhìn vào/ chăm sóc/ tìm
Ex: I’m looking for my pen, but I can’t see it anywhere.
2. Không dùng các thì tương lai (Future tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, thì Simple Future được thay bằng Simple Present, thì Future Perfect (hoặc Future Perfect Continuous) đựoc thay bằng thì Present Perfect (hoặc Present Perfect continuous).
3. Sequence of Tenses: (Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Adverbial clauses of time: bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when, whenever, before, after, since, as soon as, as, while, till, until, just as, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, as long as, etc.
Main Clause
Adverbial clause of time
Present tenses
Present tenses
Past tenses
Past tenses
Future tenses
Present tenses
EXERCISES
Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.
In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that (reach) __________above 8,000 meters.
He sometimes (come) __________ to see his parents.
When I (come) __________, she (leave) __________for Dalat ten minutes ago.
My grandfather never (fly) __________ in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so.
We just (decide) __________ that we (undertake) the job.
He told me that he (take) __________ a trip to California the following week.
I knew that this road (be) __________ too narrow.
Right now I (attend) __________ class. Yesterday at this time I (attend) __________class.
Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home. When I (arrive) __________at the airport, Mary (wait) for me.
Margaret was born in 1950. By the year 2005, she (live) __________on this earth for 55 years .
The traffic was very heavy. By the time I (get) __________to Mary’s party, everyone already (arrive) __________
I will graduate in June. I (see) you in July. By the time I (see) __________ you , I (graduate) __________.
I (visit) __________ my uncle’s home many times when I (be) __________ a child.
That book (lie) __________ on the table for week. You (not read) __________ it yet ?
David (wash) __________ his hands. He just (repair) __________ the TV set.
You (be) __________here before? Yes, I (spend) __________ my holidays here last year.
We never (meet) __________ him. We don’t know what he (look) __________ like.
The car (be) __________ ready for him by the time he (come) __________tomorrow.
On arriving at home I (find) __________that she just (leave) __________a few minutes before.
When we (arrive) __________ in London tonight, it probably (rain) __________.
It (rain) __________ hard. We can’t do anything until it (stop) __________
Last night we (watch) __________TV when the power (fail) __________.
That evening we (stay) __________up to talk about the town where he (live) __________for some years.
I (sit) __________down for a rest while the shoes (repair) __________.
Half way to the office Paul (turn) __________round and (go) __________back home because he (forget) to turn the gas off.
London (change) a lot since we first (come) __________ to live here.
While we (talk) __________on the phone the children (start) __________fighting and (break) __________a window
He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) __________ in his life.
You know she (stand) __________looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes.
I (spend) __________ a lot of time travelling since I (get) __________this new job.
When I (be) __________ at school we all (study) __________Latin.
When I (meet) __________ him , he (work) __________as a waiter for a year or so.
After he (finish) __________ breakfast he (sit) __________down to write some letters.
She (have) __________a hard life, but she’s always smiling.
I think Jim (be) __________ out of town.
Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He ____ for London one year ago.
	A. left	B. has left	C. leaves	D. had left
2) She ____ in Hue for twenty years.
	A. lives	B. has lived	C. lived	D. will live
3) I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.
	A. go	B. went	C. have gone	D. was going
4) What ____ you ____, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother.
	A. do/think	B. are/thinking	C. have/thought	D. were/thinking
5) How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.
	A. do/know	B. are/knowing	C. have/known	D. had/known
6) I usually ____ to school by bus.
	A. went	B. am going	C. go	D. have gone
7) Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.
	A. got	B. get	C. was getting	D. had got
8) Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.
	A. studying	B. study	C. am studying	D. studied
9) Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
	A. boils	B. boiled	C. is boiling	D. will boil
10) It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two hours.
	A. rains	B. is raining	C. has rained	D. rained
11) ____ you ____ out last night?
	A. Did/go	B. Do/go	C. Have/gone	D. Were/going
12) This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
	A. costs	B. cost	C. had cost	D. was cost
13) While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
	A. played/took	B. playing/taking	
	C. was playing/was taking	D. was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?
	A. did/play	B. is/playing	C. has/play	D. has/been playing
15) When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____. 
	A. worked/was ringing	B. were working/rang	C. worked/rang	D. work/rings
16) After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.
	A. have/go	B. had had/go	C. had/had gone 	D. had had/went
17) They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.
	A. have/is ringing	B. were having/rang	C. had had/ rang	D. having/ringing
18) Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.
	A. smoked/read	B. had smoked/read	
	C. was smoking/was reading	D. smoking/reading
19) When I ____ into the office, my boss ____ for me. 
	A. came/was waiting	B. was coming/waited	C. had come/waited 	D. came/waiting
20) When I ____ Brian, he ____ a taxi.
	A. see/drives	B. see/was driving	C. saw/was driving 	D. saw/is driving
21) When he ____, we ____ dinner.
	A. arrived/having	B. arrived/were having	C. was arriving/had	D. had arrived/had	
22) While they ____ chess, we ____ the shopping. 
	A. playing/doing	B. were playing/doing	
	C. played/did 	D. were playing/were doing
23) They ____ football when the lights in the stadium ____ out. 
	A. were playing/went	B. played/was going	
	C. were playing/ was going 	D. playing/went
24) While George and John ____ their room, she ____ the ironing. 
	A. cleaning/doing	B. were cleaning/was doing 
	C. were cleaning/doing	D. cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.
	A. is/was	B. has been/is	C. has been/was	D. has been/had been
26) He ____ in the same house since 1975.
	A. has lived	B. is living	C. lived	D. had lived
27) We ____ him since he ____ married.
	A. didn’t see/got	B. haven’t seen/got	C. don’t/get	D. hadn’t seen/got
28) It ____ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis.
	A. is raining	B. had rained	C. has rained	D. was raining
29) He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him since then. 
	A. moved/didn’t see	B. moves/haven’t seen	C. moved/haven’t seen 	D. moved/hadn’t seen
30) We ____ what to do with the money yet.
	A. not decide	B. didn’t decide	C. haven’t decided 	D. hadn’t decided
31) My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.
	A. works	B. is working	C. worked	D. has worked
32) He ____ to New York three times this year.
	A. had been	B. was	C. has been	D. is
33) I ____ how to dance when I ____ six years old.
	A. don’t know / was	B. didn’t know / am 	C. didn’t know / was 	D. haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother ____ me his photos. He ____ me his photos every year.
	A. sends/sent 	B. sent/sends	C. sent/sent	D. sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.
	A. drove	B. had driven	C. drives	D. was driving
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.
	A. do	B. did	C. have done	D. had done
37) I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.
	A. met	B. meet	C. had met	D. am meeting
38) She ____ English when she was six years old.
	A. learned	B. has learned	C. is learning	D. had learned
39) I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.
	A. meet	B. had met	C. met	D. have met
40) They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.
	A. get	B. got	C. have got	D. had got
41) ____ you ____ that film yet?
	A. Do/see	B. Have/seen	C. Did/see	D. Had/seen
42) I ____ the film with my friends last week.
	A. watched	B. watch	C. have watched 	D. had watched
43) He ____ up at five every morning.
	A. is getting	B. got	C. gets	D. was getting
44) ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?
	A. Does/live	B. Is/living	C. Did/live	D. Was/living
45) He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed because of his severe illness.
	A. visits/stays 	B. visits/staying	C. visited/stays	D. visits/is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.
	A. sleep	B. are sleeping	C. were sleeping 	D. slept
47) Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?
	A. do/make	B. did/make	C. are/making	D. were/making
48) What ____ he ____ before you came?
	A. does/do	B. had/do	C. had/done	D. has/done
49) While mum was watching TV, I ____ my homework.
	A. am doing	B. was doing	C. had done	D. has done
50) At this time yesterday I ____ to music.
	A. listened	B. had listened	C. was listening	D. am listening