Lý thuyết và bài tập The passive voice

 THE PASSIVE VOICE
* Thể chủ động (active voice) 
- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.
- He has already finished his homework.
* Thể thụ động (passive voice) 
- That house was built 100 years ago.
- Those windows are painted blue.
à Passive sentence : S + be + past participle
1/ Hãy quan sát ví dụ sau :
* Active :	Tom	broke	the chair 	 yesterday.
	S	V	O
* Passive :	The chair	was broken	by	Tom	yesterday.
	S	be + P.P	by	doer
2/ Ghi nhớ: cách biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
	* lấy Tân ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm chủ ngữ của câu bi động
	* chia to be cùng thì với động từ chính của câu chủ động và hợp với chủ ngữ của câu bị động
* đưa chủ ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm tân ngữ của câu bị động, đặt sau By. 
* Vị trí: By Object : + đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian 
 + sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
3/ Một vài ví dụ khác:
+ (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]
- Mr.Green teaches history.
à History is taught by Mr.Green. 
+ (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]
- He has just done his homework.
	à His homework has just been done by him. 
+ (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.p]
- She is cleaning the windows.
à The windows are being cleaned by her. 
+ (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.p]
- The boss sacked ten workers.
à Ten workers were sacked by the boss. 
+ (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.p]
- Mary had written the letter.
à The letter had been written by Mary. 
+ (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.p]
- The police were questioning Tom.
à Tom was being questioned by the police. 
+ (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.p]
- John will deliver the letter.
à The letter will be delivered by John. 
+ (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may  + be + p.p]
- He must do it right now.
à It must be done by him right now. 
+ (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]
- The engineers are going to build the bridge.
à The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.
( còn áp dụng với các cấu trúc khác như : have to, had to, used to, ought to )
+ (j) 2 objects :
- They gave me a present yesterday.
à I was given a present yesterday(by them).
à A present was given to me yesterday(by them).
	(Nếu sau BY là them / people / someone / somebodyta có thể bỏ đi)
+ (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be – p.p + to inf ]
- I never hear him shout at his children.
à He is never heard to shout at his children.
+ (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be – p.p + V-ing ]
- I saw the boy coming into the room.
à The boy was seen coming into the room.
+ (m) With ‘make’ : [ S + be – made + to inf ]
- They made me do it.
à I was made to do it.
+ (n) With ‘let’ : [ S + be – let + bare inf ]
- They let him do it.
à He was let do it.
+ (o) With ‘begin or start’: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]
- They began to build the house in 1980.
à The house began to be built in 1980.
+ (p) With “say, report, rumour’:
- People say that prevention is better than cure.
à It is said that prevention is better than cure.
à Prevention is said to be better than cure. 
(cách này dc áp dụng cho các từ như: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOUR)
+ (q) câu nmeenhj lệnh : [ Let + O + be – p.p ]
- Open the door, please.
à Let the door be opened, please.
EXERCISE I : Supply the correct tense and voice.
1/ Everyone (shock)  was shocked  by the news yesterday.
2/ Almost everyone (enjoy) enjoyed  the lecture last night.
3/ English (speak) _________ all over the world.
4/ A terrible accident (happen) _________ right here at 6 o’clock last night.
5/ Mr. Smith (teach) _________ at this university since 1985.
6/ Not much (say) _________ about the matter since last week.
7/ He (borrow) _________ the money from her two weeks ago.
8/ A new textbook (publish) _________ by that company next year.9/ Everything (go) _________ well so far. There (be) _________ no trouble yet.10/ Who the book (write) _________ by ?
11/ Think carefully. I’m sure you (remember) _________ his name.
12/ The report (examine) _________ now.
EXERCISE II : Turn into the passive voice.
He is running his own restaurant. 
The secretary opens the mails every morning. 
The teacher doesn’t allow me to take the seat by the window.
 4/ Tom’s absence worried his mother.
5/ They are building a new school in this town.
6/ You should finish the report right now.
7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon.
8/ Are you going to post this letter ?
9/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month.
10/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years.
11/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth.
12/ The enemy used to attack the bay.
13/ The fire has destroyed many houses.
14/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house.
15/ They awarded him the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.
16/ We saw him leave the office at 6 o’clock this morning.
17/ My parents didn’t let me go to school this morning because I was ill.
18/ You ought to water these plants once a week.
19/ People saw her driving a car near the bridge.
20/ They said that he was the richest man in the town.
21/ Scientists began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1981.
22/ The boy knew that they were praising him.
23/ Everybody believed that he had died of lung cancer.
24/ They hadn’t built the bridge when we first came here.
25/ I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time.
EXERCISE III : Change to the active voice.
1/ Progress in science is being made day after day. 
2/ The palace was designed by a French architect.
3/ The road in front of my house has been paved.
4/ You can see that the dishes haven’t been washed.
5/ Our salaries will not be increased this year.
6/ Wasn’t that theatre built two years ago ?
7/ The problem may be discussed again.
8/ My brother has been offered a well-paid job.
9/ It is reported that the war started again in South America.
10/ I was told that I was going to be appointed manager of this company.
EXERCISE IV : Rewrite the following sentences.
1/ People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time.
2/ Did anyone ask any questions about me ?
3/ Henry wrote that book years ago, didn’t he ?
4/ I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests.
5/ What sort of research are they doing in the laborotary ?
6/ You should place matches out of reach of children.
7/ People say that inflation is getting out of control.
8/ We’ll have finished all the work by the weekend.
9/ I heard her singing very beautifully.
10/ Scientists started discovering the universe thousands of years ago.
11/ Nothing can be gained without effort.
12/ The robbers forced the bank manager to hand over the money.
13/ They let us go.
14/ The police stopped Tom on the highway and made him show his I.D card.
15/ Write your address on the back of the cheque.
16/ Where did your child find the keys ?
17/ Some people think he is a dangerous criminal.
18/ They will have to sign these documents.
19/ The workers are going to pull down that old building.
20/ No one told me the truth.
EXERCISE V : More exercises on Passive voice.
1. Yes - No questions :
a. Do they teach English here ?
b. Will you invite her to your wedding party ?
c. Did the teacher give some exercises ?
d. Is she going to write poem ?
e. Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?
f. Is she making big cakes for the party ?
g. Has Tom finished the work ?
h. Are the police making inquires about the thief.
i. Must we finish the test before ten ?
j. Will buses bring the children home ?
2. Wh - questions :
a. Why didn’t they help him ?
b. How many games has the team played ?
c. Where do people speak English ?
d. Who are they keeping in the kitchen ?
e. How can they open this safe ?
f. What books are people reading this year ?
g. How did the police find the lost man ?
h. Who looked after the children for you ?
i. How long have they waited for the doctor ?
j. What time can the boys hand in their papers ?
3. Sentences with two Objects :
a. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.
b. Someone will tell him that news.
c. They had sent enough money to these poor boys.
d. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
e. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
4. Sentences with verb of reporting :
a. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
b. They rumoured that man was still living.
c. They declared that she won the competition.
d. They know that English is an international language.
e. People think that Jack London’s life and writings represent the American love of adventure.
f. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
g. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
h. They think that he has died a natural death.
i. They reported that the troops were coming.
j. People believed that the earth stood still.
5. Sentences with verbs “Continue and Begin” :
a. We’ll continue to use this computer.
b. They began to plant rubber trees in big plantations.
c. People can continue to enjoy natural resources.
d. People will continue to drink Coca - Cola in the 21st century.
e. American people begin to love football.
6. Sentences with Phrasal verbs :
a. They gave up the research after three hours.
b. Someone should look into the matter.
c. Don’t speak until someone speaks to you.
d. A neighbour is looking after the children.
e. Your story brings back pleasant memories.
7. Sentences with verbs of Perception :
a. I have heard her sing this song several times.
b. People saw him steal your car.
c. The teacher is watching them work.
d. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.
e. People don’t make the children work hard.
f. They made him work all day.
g. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.
h. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.
i. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route.
j. She helps me to do all these difficult exercises. 
8. Sentences of order :
a. Open your book.
b. Take off your hat.
c. Don’t do that silly thing again.
d. Let’s tell them about it.
e. Don’t let the other see you.
9. Sentences with Advise, Beg, Order, Urge, Agree, Decide,...” :
a. She advised me to sell that house.
b. They begged us to help them.
c. He orders us to clean the floor.
d. He recommends me to do the job.
e. She urges him to visit her parents as soon as possible.
10. Some special sentences :
a. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.
b. You need to have your hair cut.
c. Smoke filled the room.
d. You must see it to believe it.
e. He wants someone to take some photographs.
f. He likes people to call him “Sir”.
g. It’s your duty to do this work.
h. We enjoy writing letters.
i. Nobody has slept in this room for long time.
j. You ordered me about and I was tired of it.