Lý thuyết & Bài tập về Reported speech (Câu gián tiếp)

REPORTED SPEECH
*Quy tắc đổi ngôi: “Nhất chủ, nhị túc, tam nguyên”
1. Pronouns:
Ngôi
Chủ từ
Túc từ
Tính từ sở hữu
Đại từ sở hữu
Đại từ phản thân
I
I
me
my
mine
myself
We
us
our
ours
ourselves
II
You
you
your
yours
Yourself/yourselves
III
He
him
his
his
himself
She
her
her
hers
herself
It
it
its
its
itself
They
them
their
theirs
themselves
@ 1st persons → Speakers (người nói) 
 I → he /she
	Me → him /her
	My → his /her
	Mine → his / hers
	Myself→ himself /herself
	We → they
	Us → them
	Our → their
	Ours → theirs
	Ourselves → themselves
@ 2nd persons → 	 Listeners (người nghe)
	You (O)→ me, him, her, them	
	You (S)→ I , he , she , they
	Your → my , his , her , their
	Yours → mine, his ,hers , theirs
@ 3rd person → Unchanged (không đổi)
He , she, it, names ( Lan , Hoa,Peter,.. )→ Unchanged
2. Verb tense:
*Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ, đổi sang câu tường thuật ta phải lùi thì và thay đổi một số trạng từ như sau:
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
simple present
present continuous
present perfect
simple past
will/ shall, can,
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect
 would/should, could,
this 
these
here 
now
today
ago
tomorrow
next month
yesterday
last week
must
that 
those
there
then
that day
 before
the following day/ the next day/ the day after
the following month
the day before/ the previous day
the week before
had to/ would have to
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
S+ said + (that) + S + V
S+ told + O + (that) + S + V
 	 	 (said to+ O = told+ O)
Ex: The teacher said to the class: “You will have a one-period test next week”
à The teacher ................................................................................................................................... .
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”
à Nam...
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
à Thu...
3. Phong said “I have chosen to run an office here. ”
à Phong..
4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
à The teacher.
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend tonight”
à Her father..
6. Thuan said: “I hope you will come and visit me in Ho Chi Minh city.”
à Thuan
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/ NO QUESTIONS)
 * Yes-No questions: 
S+ asked + O + if/ whether + S+ V
 Ex: “Do you like coffee?” he said to me. 
 à He asked me .........................................................
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
à Phong asked Peter ..
2. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
à Tam asked Peter ..
3. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
à Tuan asked Lan 
4. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu
à Tam asked Thu..
5. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba
à She asked Ba .
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
* WH- questions: 
S+ asked + O + WH- + S+ V
 Ex: He said to me: “What are you doing now?” 
à He asked me ................................................................. .
1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
à The teacher asked me ..
2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan
à She asked Lan ..
3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
à Tam’s friend asked him ..
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
è She asked her mom
5. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
à His friend asked him.
6. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu
à Phong asked Thu .
REPORTED SPEECH: REQUEST, COMMAND
Requests 
S + told + O + (not) to V0
S + asked + O + (not) to V0
Ex: 1) “Study harder, Tom.” said Mr. Brown.	
à Mr. Brown told .................................................................................................................................. .
 2) “Please don’t tell anybody what happened”, she said.
à She asked ........................................................................................................................................... .
Exercise: 
1. The teacher said to Tim, “Come into my office, please.”
à The teacher........................................................................................................................................ .
2. Their mother said to them, “Don’t make so much noise.”
à Their mother..................................................................................................................................... .
3. The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please.”
à The traffic policeman....................................................................................................................... .
4. Mr. Jackson said to Tim, “Could you give me a hand, please?”
à Mr. Jackson..................................................................................................................................... .
5. Nam said to the taxi driver, “please turn left at the first traffic light.”
à Nam................................................................................................................................................ .
6. The policeman said, “Don’t touch anything in the room.”
à The policeman................................................................................................................................ .
7. Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please.”
à Mary.............................................................................................................................................. .