Lý thuyết & Bài tập Reported speech (Câu gián tiếp)

Name :  REPORTED SPEECH
1. Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp : Reported commands.
 @ Affirmative :
	Ex: Tom said: “Please wait for me here, Mary” 
	Ø Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
Form: S + told / advised / command / tell / request  + O + to - infinitive.
 @ Negative:
 	Ex : “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said. 
	Ø The teacher told students not to talk in class.
Form: S + told / advised / command / tell / request  + O + not to - infinitive.
Note : Some verbs used when Reported commands: advise, ask, beg,command, encourage, entreat, expect, forbid, implore, instruct, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn .
2. Câu hỏi gián tiếp : Reported questions.
a.Yes/No questions:
 	Ex: “Did you see this film?” Minh asked. 
	Ø Minh asked me if / whether I had seen that film.
Form: S + asked ( + O) / wanted to know / wondered + if/whether + S +V
 b.Wh- questions:
 	Ex: They asked us: “Where are you going on holiday?” 
	Ø They asked us where we were going on holiday. 
 Form: S + asked ( + O )/ wanted to know / wondered + Wh- words + S +V
3. Câu trần thuật gián tiếp : Reported statements.
 	Ex: He said to me: “ I haven’t finished my work.” 
	Ø He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
Form: S + told + O + S + V 
Note : said to à told
Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau:
- Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp (giữ nguyên).
	Ex: He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week”
	Ø He says he is going to Ha Noi next week
- Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói giáng tiếp; các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, đại từ chỉ định được chuyển đổi theo quy tắc sau: 
Direct speech Ø Reported speech
Direct speech ØReported speech
will / shall	 à would/should
am/ is / are going to à was / were going to 
Present simple	 à Past simple 
Present continuous à Past continuous 
Past continuous	 à Past perfect continuous
Present pefect 	 à	Past perfect 
must 	 à	had to 
can	 à	could
today à	 that day
tonight à	 that night
tomorrowà the next day
 the following day
yesterday à	 the day before
 the previous day
ago à	 before
now	 à then
this à	 that
these à	 those
here à	 there 
 4. Trường hợp đặc biệt : Special cases.
Œ Đông từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có t/gian xác định.
	Ex: He said,”I was born in 1980.”
	Ø He said that he was born in 1980.
 Câu điều kiện lọai 2,3:
	Ex: He said,”If I were you , I wouldn’t come here.”
	Ø He said if he were me , he wouldn’t come there.
Ž Past subjuntive : ( trong wish – clause , as if  )
	Ex: Mary said, I wish I were a boy.”
	Ø Mary said that she wished she were a boy.
 Trong lời nói trực tiếp có : could , would , should , might , used to , ought to , would rather , had better 
	Ex: Tom said to me “ You had better not contact her.”
	Ø Tom told me I had better not contact her.
 Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý.
	Ex: My teacher said “the sun rises in the East.”
	Ø My teacher said the sun rises in the East.
Exercise: Put into indirect speech.
1.He said: “I shall expect her” 
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2.He said: “I can’t find my hat”
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3.She said: “I am going to the movies tomorrow”
à --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Lan said to me: “You are looking much better”
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5.He says: “The river is rising early this year”
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6.She said to me: “I will do it if necessary I can”
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7.He said to his friend: “Did you see the accident yesterday?”
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8.John said to me: “How did you come here?”
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9.He said: “Have you finished your task, Nam?”
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10.He said: “Yesterday evening I met Nam. He has bought a new car”
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11.She said to me: “Who is this book?”
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12.Nam said to his father: “Please let me go to Paris”
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13.He said to me: “Do you like to live in Orange Country? 
à ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.My friend asked me: “ Have you a lot of money?” 
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15.He said: “I can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow”
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16.They said: “We did it yesterday”
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17. ‘ If I were you, I’d read the exam questions very carefully.’ Teacher said 
àTeacher advised Minh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. ‘ You had better not waste your time, Betty.’ Tom said.
àTom advised ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, I said to him. 
àI told ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. ‘ I image I’ll see Sue at the party.’ john said
àJohn hoped -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. ‘ Don’t forget to give the book to Jane’ David said
àDavid reminded -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. Before Tim went to bed, his father said, ‘Don’t forget to brush your teeth.’
àBefore Tim went to bed, his father reminded -----------------------------------------------------
23." Is this your new calculator, Mai?" Nam asked.
à Nam ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24." Tell me what you saw at the party yesterday?" I said to Tom . 
à I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25.“ Do you know how far the drug store is?” The foreigner asked me . 
à The foreigner ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. “ Will you please water the flowers for me tonight, Jim?” said the old woman
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27. I said to John, “Why aren’t you looking for a job?”
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28. Nancy said: “Why didn’t you call me,John?’ 
àNacy wanted------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. “Remember to give your parents my regard, Lan” Nam said. 
àNam said-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. “Teacher, give us better marks, please” the puplis said. 
àThe pupils----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. Mr Smith said to her:”Where will you go on your vacation?”
àMr Smith asked----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32.He said: “I am very proud of my parents, Daisy” 
àHe told-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. “Be modest if you are a good pupil,Lan” said her mother.
àLan’s mother told her--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34.“Can I use your phone?” he said to me. 
à He asked----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. ” Whose car did you borrow last night?” I said to him 
àI wondered---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. 'If I had any money, I'd buy you a drink,' she said to me. 
à----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. 'If I were you, I'd stop smoking,' she said to her brother.
à----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38. 'Can you lend me ten pounds?' said the boy to me
Ị The boy asked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. “Don’t play with the matches!”I said to Jack. 
àI warned-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40. 'Don't swim out too far, boys.' said the pool guard.
Ị The pool guard warned--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
41. 'Don't forget to attend the meeting tomorrow 'she said to her friends
Ị She reminded----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Review Reported speech with To Infinitive and Gerund.
a) With infinitive : khi thuật lại một lời yêu cầu với told, asked, demanded . . . , một lời khuyên với advised, một lời hứa với promised, một đề nghị với offered, một lời mời với 
invited hay một sự nhắc nhớ với reminded . vv . 
Eg : a) “ You had better not tell lies to others”, his mother said.
 à His mother advised him not to tell lies to others.
 b) “ I’ll wake you up tomorrow” said he to me.
 à He promised to wake me up the following day.
b) With Gerund : khi thuật lại một lời chúc mừng, lời xin lỗi, một đề nghị, một ước mơ, lời cảm ơn, sự cảnh báo, sự trách móc, sự thú nhận hay chối bỏ . .vv. Các cấu trúc động từ này thường là :	 Form: Verb + (OBJECT) + Preposition + (NOT) V-ing
We don’t use “say” in this structure.
Note : Some verbs followed by object + preposition + gerund : 
+ forgive ..for .. : tha thứ .cho 
+ thank . . . for . . .: cảm ơn . . . về . . .
+ congratulate . . . on . . . : chúc mừng . . . . về . . . 
+ accuse . . . . of . . . : trách móc, tố cáo . . . . về . . . 
+ blame . . . . for . . . : khiển trách , đổ lỗi  cho ..
+ warn . . . . against . . . : cảnh giác . . . tránh khỏi . . . 
+ prevent . . . . from . . . .: ngăn cản . . . . tránh khỏi . . . .
+ stop . . . . . . from . . . . : ngừng  khỏi ..
+ apologize for . . . : xin lỗi ..về . . . 
+ insist . on . . . . : một mực/kiên quyết đòi . . . 
+ dream of . . . . : mơ về . . . . .
+ look forward to . . . : nóng lòng / mong 
+ think of . . . : nghĩ về . . . . 
+ admit : thú nhận # deny : chối bỏ
a) “ You sent me a pretty card. Thank you for it”, said Jane to Tom.
 à Jane thanked Tom for sending/having sent her a pretty card.
b) “ Let’s me pay for your meal. I really want”, Tom said to his friend, Daisy.
 à Tom insisted on paying for Daisy’s meal.
Exercise:
 I.Change direct speech into reported speech :
1. “Thanks for helping me.”Mary said. 
àMary thanked------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. “I’ll drive you to the airport. I insist,”John said to Linda. 
àJohn insisted ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. “I’m happy you have passed the final exams. Congratulations!”Jim said to you. 
àJim congratulated ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner. Thank you,”Miss White said to Peter. 
àMiss White thanked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. “I’m sory I didn’t phone you earlier,”Margaret said to you. 
àMargaret apologized------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. “I have always wanted to be a pilot,”Paul said to you. 
àPaul has always dreamed of---------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. “You didn’t do what I said,”the mother said to her son. 
à The mother accused ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. She said,“Children, stay away from the water” 
àShe warned----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. “You damaged my bicycle, John!”Said Margaret 
àMargaret accused --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.'If I catch the plane, I'll be home by five,' he said. 
Ị --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.'You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.' my mother said. 
Ị -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.'What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?' 
Ị Ann asked-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.'If I'd had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,' Matthew said to Jane. 
Ị ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.'If I don't practice my English, I won't get any better,' she said. 
Ị ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16.'If you press this switch, the computer will come on,' he said to his students. 
Ị ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17.'I'd have been in bad trouble if you hadn't helped me,' he said to his friends.
Ị -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. 'If the door is clocked, what shall I do ?' she said to herself. 
Ị She wondered ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. 'If I were you, I'd read the exam questions very carefully.' said the teacher to us
Ị The teacher advised -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. 'It’s better to have the theater built next to the town hall.' they said
Ị They offered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. 'Okay, I'll collect David from school ', said his father.
Ị David’ father promised ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. 'Please stay for a few more days.' she said to us.
Ị She invited --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. 'We'll fight the ban on smoking in public places.', said the heavy smokers. 
Ị The heavy smokers threatened --------------------------------------------------------------------
24. “I imagine I'll see Olivia at the party.' said Tom
Ị Tom hoped -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. 'Let me take the children into town.', he said
Ị He volunteered -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much.' said Mike to Jane. 
Ị Mike thanked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. 'I must have made a mistake in the calculations.'
Ị Mr. Forest admitted -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. 'I'll pay for the meal.' 
Ị Sarah insisted ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. 'Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'
Ị Neil suggested --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. 'I'm sorry I couldn't come to visit you last summer.' said Kate to me
Ị Kate apologized -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. 'I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!' said Dane
Ị Dane congratulated --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32. 'I wish I'd asked for his name and address.' said Mary
Ị Mary regretted -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. 'You've dirtied the floor, children.' said Mrs. Brown
Ị Mrs. Brown accused ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34. 'You mustn't drink too much caffeine.' Marta said to me
Ị Marta warned -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. 'It's not true! I have never been arrested!' Larry said.
Ị Larry denied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. 'I gave you my textbook last week. I insist,' Tom said to Mai
Ị Tom insisted ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 II. Change the following sentences into the indirect speech, using the verbs in brackets:
1.Nga said that she was sorry she dropped the jug.(apologise) 
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2.The policeman said that the thief stole the bicycle.(accuse) 
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3.The thief said that he didn’t take the bicycle.(deny)
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4.Tom said that he would drive Kate to the station.(insist)
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5.Ba said that he broke the mobile phone.(admit)
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6.Lan said that they should go for a picnic on Sunday.(suggest)
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7.Daivid said that ha always wanted to be a rich man.(dream)
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8.The manager told the visitors not ot stay at the hotel near the airport.(warn)
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9. Jean said“No, it is not true. I didn’t steal the money!”.(deny)
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10.Peter said “Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?”(suggest )
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