Đề cương và bài tập ôn luyện Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Học kỳ I

ĐỀ CƯƠNG VÀ BÀI TẬP
ÔN LUYỆN TIẾNG ANH HỌC KÌ 1 LỚP 10
CÁC ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CHÍNH
I. Thì:
1. Simple present (Hiện tại đơn): 
Be-> am/ is/ are 
Have-> have/ has
Khẳng định
Phủ định
Nghi vấn
He/ she/ it + V-s/es
I/ You/ We/ They + V
He/ she/ it + doesn’t + V
I/ You/ We/ They +don’t + V
Does + he/ she/ it +V?
Do + I/ you/ we/ they +V?
Use: 
A. Diễn tả thói quen ở hiện tại: 
B. Diễn tả sự thật, chân lí
Trạng từ thường gặp: never, sometimes, usually, often, always, as a rule, normally
Ex: Mr Vy usually gets up at 4:40 a.m
- Do you go to school on Sunday?
- Lan doesn’t know how to use a computer.
2. Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + am/ is/ are + Ving
Use: 
A. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm nói 
B. Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể.
Trạng từ thường gặp: now, at present, at this moment, right now
Ex: - I’m learning English now
- My mother isn’t cooking lunch at this moment.
- What are you doing this evening?
3. Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành): S+ have/ has/ + PP
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
He/ She/ It + has + PP
I/ You/ We/ They + have + PP
He/ She/ It +hasn’t +PP
I/ You/ We/ They + haven’t + PP
Has + He/ She/ It + PP?
Have + I/ You/ We/ They + PP?
Use: 
A. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại 
B. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ để lại kết quả ở hiện tại 
C. Diễn tả kinh nghiệm
Trạng từ thường gặp: never, just, ever, recently, already, yet, lately, for, since, so far.
Ex: - They have just built a hospital in this area
- Tom hasn’t eaten Chinese food before
- How long have you lived here?
4. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) 
Be-> was/ were 
Have/ has-> had
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
S + V-ed/V2
S + didn’t + V
Did + S + V?
Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. 
Trạng từ thường gặp: yestersay, ago, last.
Ex: - I went to Hue three day ago.
- Did you watch TV last night?
- Peter wasn’t at home yesterday evening.
5. Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn): S+ was/ were + Ving
Use: Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm quá khứ
Ex: - I was watching TV at 5 p.m yesterday.
- Were they having lunch when you called?
6. Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) S+ had + PP
Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác ở quá khứ. 
Trạng từ thường gặp: after, before
7. Simple future (tương lai đơn): 
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
S + will + V1
S + won’t + V1
Will + S + V1?
Use: Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai .
Trạng từ thường gặp: Tomorrow, next.
Ex: - Will you go to university after you finish school?
- I will say goodbye to you before I leave Danang
- Mary won’t go to the party because she has to do her homework.
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise I: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.
1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.
4/ She (go) __________ to school every day.
5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
6/ My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) __________ in the mornings.
7/ It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now.
8/ Bad students never (work) __________ hard.
9/ He generally (sing) ________ in English, but today he (sing) ________ in Spanish.
10/ We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.
Exercise II: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2/ We (watch) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
5/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
6/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago.
7/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.
8/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
9/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
10/ Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past.
Exercise III: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him.
2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________.
3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea.
4/ When it (rain) __________, she(carry) __________ an umbrella.
5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain.
Exercise IV: Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense.
1/ We (go) __________ out when the rain (stop) __________.
2/ I (stay) _________ here until he (answer) __________ me.
3/ Wait until I (catch) __________ you.
4/ I (be) _________ ready before you (count) _________ ten.
5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) __________ out.
6/ Miss Helen (help) __________ you as soon as she (finish) ________ that letter.
7/ He (tell) _________ you when you (get) __________ there.
8/ She (not come) __________ until you (be) _________ ready.
9/ He (tell) __________ you when you (ask) __________ him.
10/ I (come) _______ and (see) ________ you before I (leave) _____ for England.
Exercise V: Supply the correct tense.
1/ They (just decide) __________ that they (undertake) ___________ the job.
2/ We (go) ___________ to the theatre last night.
3/ He usually (write) __________ in green ink.
4/ She (play) _________ the piano when our guests (arrive) _________ last night.
5/ We (do) __________ an English exercise at the moment.
6/ I (come) _________ as soon as my work is finished. (You be) ________ ready ?
7/ Where (you go) __________ for your holiday last year ?
8/ I (not leave) ________ Paris since we (go) _______ to Dieppe three years ago.
9/ My mother (come) __________ to stay with us next weekend.
10/ We (meet) __________ only yesterday and (already decide) __________ to get married.
11/ I (never see) __________ snow.
12/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring.
13/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months.
14/ I (lose) ________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) ______ them.
15/ Whenever you (go) _________ to town nowadays, you (spend) _________ a lot of money.
16/ They (prepare) __________ the Christmas dinner today.
17/ When I last (stay) ___________ in Cairo, I (ride) __________ to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ____________ the day before.
18/ I (finish) ___________ the book before my next birthday.
19/ “Hello! (You make) __________ a cake ?
20/ He (walk) __________ very quickly when I (meet) __________ him yesterday.
21/ We (meet) _________ you tomorrow after you (finish) __________ your work.
22/ Yesterday I (buy) ________ a new watch as my old one (be) _________ stolen.
II. Câu bị động: S+ BE+ PP+ BY+ O
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: 
 S + V + O
 S + be+ PP + BY + O
Bị động hiện tại đơn: S + is/ am/ are + PP + BY + O
Bị động quá khứ đơn: S+ was/ were + PP + BY + O
Bị động hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + been + PP + BY + O
Bị động tương lai đơn: S + will + be + PP + BY + O
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form.
1. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia.
2. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S.
3. How many times have you / have you been fired?
4. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation.
5. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert 
6. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million.
7. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker.
8. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management.	
Exercise 2: Change into passive voice
1. Somebody has stolen my bike. → ..
2. They have postponed the class meeting. → 
3. They have built a new school near our house. → 
4. Has somebody informed Lan of the change? →
5. They haven’t finished their assignments. → 
III. Relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ)
chỉ người: who, whom 
chỉ vật: which 
chỉ sở hữu: whose 
chỉ lí do: why 
vừa người vừa vật: that
that = who, whom, which nhưng that không được dùng sau dấu phẩy và giới từ
Cách nối câu dùng mệnh đè quan hệ:
- Xác định từ giống nhau ở 2 câu.
- Viết câu thứ nhất đến hết phần được lặp lại
- Xem phần được lặp lại chỉ người hay vật mà dùng đại từ quan hệ phù hợp
- Viết các phần còn lại sao cho logic về nghĩa
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Fill in the gap with a suitable relative pronoun.
1. Have you got the money ..I lent you yesterday.
2. The man  I had seen before wasn’t at the party.
3. This is a machine ..cost half a million pounds.
4. She’s the singer ..has just signed a contract with a recording company.
5. The girl .was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.
6. What was the name of the man lent you the money.
7. This is the boy .. I told you about.
8. Is this the letter .. you wanted me to mail?
9. The man . sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend's father
Exercise 2: Comebine the sentences, using relative clause
1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital
2. A waitress served us. She was impolite and impatient.
3. A buiding was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
4. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.
5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
IV. Mệnh đề lí do và nhượng bộ
Mệnh đề lí do 
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ
because + clause (S + V)
because of + noun phrase/ V-ing
Although + clause (S + V)
In spite of + noun phrase/ V-ing
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of.
1. ....... the meeting's at 2.00, I won't be able to see you.
2. ......I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me.
3. My mother is always complaining................ the untidiness of my room.
4. I didn't get the job...................I had all the necessary qualifications.
5. his age, John was not hired ....................he had the necessary qualifications.
6. You can't enter this secure area....you don't have an official permission.
7.... it was sunny, it was quite a cold day.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and faintedthe extreme heat.
9...........having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir.
10. Sarah can't climb up the tree...... her fear of heights.
Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means as the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail. 
 - > Because .
2. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.
-> In spite of .
3. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.
-> In spite of .
4. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads.
-> Because .
5. They went out in spite of heavy rain.
-> Although .
6. Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more.
-> In spite of . 
7. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
 - > Although .
8. I wanted to see Mr Brown. I phoned his company.
-> Because I .
9. Jenny ran fast but she didn’t win the race.
-> In spite if the fact that 
10.He didn't go to school because his illness.
-> Because he .
V. Reported speech with statements: tường thuật câu phát biểu
- Nguyên tắc: a. Lùi thì b. thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng c. thay đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
- say + (that) + clause
- tell + O + (that)
Here - > there
Before - > ago/ earlier
Last week - > the week before
Next week - > the next week
Now - > then
This - > that
These - > those
Today - > that day
Tomorrow - > the next day
Yesterday - > the day before
Ex: - "I want to buy it"-> He said he wanted to buy it
- "I'm writing a letter" - > He said he was writing a letter
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences, using reported speech.
1. " I won't have enough money to finish this job."-> He said .
2. " It's been a long time since I had such a good meal."-> She said 
3. " The weather may get much worse tomorrow"-> He told us ..
4. " I think you should cut down on your smoking."-> The doctor told me 
5. " We haven't been to the art gallery for ages".-> They said 
6. " I always eats lots of fresh fruit and salad."-> She said .
7. " I'll see you tomorrow, John"-> Peter told John 
8. "You letter arrived yesterday" - > David told me ..
9. " I like this hotel very much"-> He said ..
10. " I left my umbrella here two days ago."-> Susan told them .
VI. Conditional sentence type 1: Câu điều kiện loại 1 (có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If clause
Main clause
Hiện tại đơn
Will+ V1
Ex: - If you study hard, you will pass the next exam
- If you don't do your homework, you won't pass your exams.
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him, I (give)................him a lift
2. The table will collapse if you (stand)................on it
3. If he (eat)...............all that, he will be ill
4. If I find your passport, I (telephone)....................you at once
5. The police (arrest).................him if they catch him
6. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked
7. If you (not go).....................away, I'll send for the police
8. If he (be) ................late, we'll go without him
9. He will be late for the train if he (not start) ..................at once
10. Ice (turn)..................to water if you heat it
VII. Wh-questions: Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (when, why, what, who, which....)
Nguyên tắc đặt câu hỏi: 
a. Nếu chưa có trợ động từ thì phải mượn trợ động từ: do/ does/ did
b. Nếu trợ động từ sẵn có(to be, khiếm khuyết) thì đảo chúng ra trước chủ ngữ, không mượn do/ does/did nữa.
Một số từ hỏi khác
- How far: bao xa
- How long:bao lâu
- How often: bao lâu một lần
- How many/how much: bao nhiêu
Ex: - What is he doing?
- Where can I find you?
- Where will you go?
- What do you like best?
- How many books do you have?
Bài tập áp dụng: 
Exercise 1: Match questions for the underlined words or phrases
1. I'm taking French this semester. → 	
2. She's staying there for two weeks. → 	
3. She is worried about the next examination → 	
4. I like English very much → 	
5. I began to study English six years ago → 	
6. They live in the city centre → 	
7. Last night I went to a disco with my friend → 	
8. I like "Tom and Jerry" because it's very interesting → 	
Exercise 2 Make questions, using the question words in brackets
1. Mr Robertson came to the party alone. (who) → 	
2. I like the red blouse, not the blue one. (which) → 	
3. She felt better after she took a nap (how) → 	
4. She talked to him for an hour (how long) → 	
5. My parents have two cars. (how many) → 	
6. They are coming to visit tomorrow (when) → 	
7. We have an English class every day. (how often) → 	
8. I like to dance on weekends. (what) → 	
VIII. Gerund and to infinitive: Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có to
Danh động từ
động từ nguyên mẫu có to
1. Đứng sau một số động từ: keep, like, enjoy, mind, practise, delay, miss, suggest, understand, finish, admit, look forward to.......
Ex: - He likes swimming
2. Đứng sau giới từ(in, at, on, to, from, about...)
- She is afraid of going there
1. Đứng sau một số động từ: hope, seem, expect, plan, decide, agree, refuse, wish, offer, promise....
Ex: We hope to see you again
2. Đứng sau tính từ, danh từ, từ hỏi, đại từ bất định, chỉ mục đích
- It is difficult to do this exercise
- It is time to go
- I don't know what to do
- Do you have something to eat?
- She went to the library to borrow some books
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Supply the corrrect form of the verb in brackets.
1. It’s obvious he’s is only interested in (make)..................... money.
2. Ann couldn’t find a taxi so I offered (drive)........................... her to the station.
3. I managed (book)......................... two seats on the morning flight.
4. I promise (send)....................... you our new brochure as soon as it’s available.
5. Peter was delighted (meet) ......................a former colleague at the conference.
6. I avoid (take).................... the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.
7. My father hates (wear)...................... a tie to work
8. We can’t afford (take)........................ a vacation this summer.
9. The company was pleased (receive).......................... your thank-you letter.
10. Would you mind (open).......................... a window?
11. The children are fond of (read)...............picture books.
12. John is from London. He isn't used to(drive)........................on the right
13. Ba stopped (learn).....................Chinese 3 years ago
14.My teachers advised me (study)...............hard
15. Mr Johnson decided (get).......................another job.
16. Our class planned (go)..................for picnic
17. My daughter spends two hours (study)................maths every day
18. It's very nervous (take).................the exam.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences:
1. Shall we go for a ride?-> What about 
2. Would you please do it for me?-> Would you mind 
3. Let's get together next Sunday?-> How about 
4. Let's go camping tomorrow.-> Why don't 
5. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.-> I must apologize for 
IX. The + adj + V (số nhiều) - > person 
Ex: - The poor need help from the rich
- The unemployed are suffering from hunger
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence.
disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured
1. ....have to help 
2.  in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately.
3. The little boy is helping cross the street.
4. ......... and . use a system of sign language to communicate with each other.
5. The government should take an urgent step to help .. .
6. Don’t make fun of .. 
Exercise 2: Choose the correct word between brackets.
1. The rich (is / are) .. not always happy.
2. The poor (is / are)not always unhappy.
3. The dead never .(return / returns).
4. The lazy can never .(succeeds / succeed).
5. The young (have / has) the future in their hand.
X. used to / be used to/ use
a. used to+ V1: đã từng	b.use: sử dụng	 c. be/get used to + Ving/ Noun: quen với 
Ex:- He used to smoke a lot.
- He is used to getting up early	- I use this bike to go to school every day
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with: use, used to, use to
1. They .................live in Paris
2. Did you..........go there often?
3. We didn't ................recycle bottles until last year
4. No, You can't...........my car
5. Can I ..................this ticket on a later train?
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences:
1. They don't usually drink beer.-> They are not used to 
2. He gets up early in the morning and he is used to it.-> He's used to 
3. Today many American women often earn their own money.
-> Today American women are used to .
XI. be going to: (sẽ) + V:
a. ý định có trước lúc nói 
Ex: A: Why are you working so hard these days? 
	B: Because I'm going to buy a car.	
b. dự đoán có cơ sở: Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.
XII. Phonetics (ngữ âm)
* CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI: trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.
/ s /
Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,/q/,/h/
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...
/ iz /
Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít: /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge
Ex: washes, kisses, oranges..