Đề cương ôn tập ngữ pháp Tiếng anh lớp 9

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 9 
 CHƯƠNG 1: CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1.Thì hiện tại đơn
a.Với động từ Tobe:
He/ She /It /Mai is : 
They / You/ We / Mai and Lan are :
 I am :
* form. (+) S + Be {+ adj (N)/} = C (Complement) bổ ngữ *eg: "I am a good teacher 
 (-) S + Be + not + C "He is not a student 
 (?) Be + S + adj " Are they tall ?
b. Với động từ thường:
* form. (+) He/ She/ It + V- s/es + O. * eg: " He watches TV every night.
 (+) You/ We/ They / I + Vinf + O " They watch TV
Câu phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải mượn trợ động từ do/does 
 (-) He/ She/ It /Nam + does + not + V- inf + O " She does not watch TV
 (-) You/ We / They / I + do + not + V- inf + O
 (?) Does + He/ She/ It + V- inf + O ? " Do you watch TV?
 (?) Do + They / You/ We + V- inf + O ? 
c. Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động:- thường xuyên xảy ra- hành động lặp đi lặp lại
 Các trạng từ thường xuyên đi với thì hiên tại đơn (Adv)
 never,sometimes,often, usually, frequently, always, every (day/week/night/month)
Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên luôn đi trước động từ thường, nhưng đi sau động từ TO BE và các trợ động từ
* eg: He always watches TV every night.
 They often watch TV 
 She does usually not watch TV
 Do you often watch TV?
* eg: Nam is often late for class.
- Một sự thật hiển nhiên.
* eg: The Earth goes around the Sun. (Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời)
2.Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
* form: (+) S + Be + V-ing + O " (Be = am/are/is)
 (-) S + Be + not + V-ing + O
 (?) Be + S + V-ing + O
* Adv : now, at the moment, at present, right now
* eg: Nam is reading book now
 Nam and Lan are listening to music at this moment.
 What are you doing now ?
* Cách dùng: 
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói
3.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
* form: (+) S + has / have + V- ed (pp) + O
 (-) S + has /have + not + V- ed (pp) + O
 (?) Has / have + S + V- ed (pp) + O ?
PP = Past Participle Quá khứ phân từ QTắc V-ed : BQT xem cột 3 (V3)
*Adv: just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to now, lately, twice, three times, many times,. notyet.
eg: I have just seen my sister in the park. *Note: (just,ever, never, already) đi sau have/has
 She has finished her homework recently. ( recently,lately,yet) đặt cuối câu.
*Cách dùng:
Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra
Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không rõ thời gian
Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại còn tiếp diễn đến tương lai.
Hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần 
4Thì quá khứ đơn
a.Với động từ Tobe:
 * I/ He / She / It (Nam) Was *eg: Nam was absent from class yesterday
 * You / We / They (Nam and Lan) Were " Were Minh and Mai in hospital last month? 
b.Với động từ đơn:
*form: (+) S + V- ed/(V2 BQT) + O *eg: Tom went to Paris last summer.
 Câu phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải mượn trợ động từ did
 (-) S + did not + Vinf + O " He did not watch TV last night.
 (?) Did + S + Vinf + O ?	" Did you go to HCM city two days ago?
Adv: Yesterday, ago, last (week/month/ year/  )
 c.Cách dùng :
Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt hẵn trong QK
5.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
 * form (+) S + Was/ were + V- ing + O
 (-) S + Was/ were + not + V- ing + O
 (?) Was/ were + S + V- ing + O?
Cách dùng :
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ tại 1 thời điểm xác định cụ thể.
=> I was doing my homework at 6 p.m last Sunday.
Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ. (While)
=> I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes.
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra thì một hành động khác đến cắt ngang.(When)
=> When the teacher came, we were singing a song.
6.Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
 * form : (+) S + had + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O. 
 (-) S + had + not + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O.
 (?) Had + S + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O.?
* eg: We had lived in Hue before 1975.
 After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed.
 = Before the children went to bed, they had finished their homework
*Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ.
(- Trong câu có hai hành động thì hành động xảy ra trước dùng ở quá khứ hoàn thành còn hành động sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn )
7. Thì tương lai thường.
 * form : (+) S + Will + Vinf + O. (He will = He’ll) * eg: I will call you tomorrow.
 (-) S + Will + not + V + O (will not = won’t) " He’ll come back next week.
 (?) Will + S + Vinf + O ? " Will Nam play soccer?
*Adv. Tomorrow, next (week/ month ), soon 
*Cách dùng :
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai. 
8. Thì tương có dự định.(Be going to)
* form: (+) She / He / It + is + going to + V(inf) + O.
 (-) They / You / We + are + going to + V(inf) +O.
 (?) I + am + going to + V(inf) + O.
*eg: My father is going to go to visit Ha long Bay .= My father is going to visit Ha long Bay.
We aren’t going to the movies.
Are you going to write a letter ?
* Cách dùng :
 - Diễn tả hành động sắp sửa xảy ra hoặc một dự định sắp tới. Một dự định, kế hoạch 
9. Bài tập .
A. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì thích hợp.
1.Be quiet ! The baby ( sleep) 
2. The sun ( set) in the West.
3.Mr Green always ( go) to work by bus.
4. It ( not rain ) in the dry season.
5. They ( have ) lunch in the cafeteria now.
6. My little sister ( drink) milk every day.
7. The doctor sometimes ( return) home late.
8. He ( write) a long novel at present.
9. Look ! The bus ( come).
10. The earth (move) around the sun.
11.Sometime ( smell) good in the kitchen now.
12.His uncle ( teach) English in our school five years ago.
13. The old man( fall) as he (get) into the bus.
14. When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair.
15. There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday.
16. It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year.
17.They ( not speak) to each other since they quaralled
18. I (try) to learn English for years, but I ( not succeed) yet
19.I (not see) her since last week.
20. John( do) his homework already.
21.The train (start) before we arrived at the station.
22. There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
23. The film already (begin) when we got to the cinema.
24. You (stay) at home tonight?
25.I( be) twenty years old next June.
26.Where are you?- I’m upstairs. I (have) a bath.
27.All of them (sing) when I( came).
28.What you( do) at 7 p.m yesterday?
29. Where you ( spend) your holiday last year?
30. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you? 
II. Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1.A: I ( not see) Andrew for weeks.
 B: Nor me, It’s weeks since I last .( see) him.
2.A: What( you/do) last night?
 B: Well, I ..( be) very tired, so I ..( go) to bed very early.
3.A: .( you/ meet) Julie recently?
 B: Yes, I .(see) her a few days ago.
4. A: Are you still playing tennis?
 B: No, I ..( not be) able to play tennis since I (break) my arm.
5. A: What part of birmingham. ( you/live) when you ..(be) a student?
 B: A place called Selly Oak ( you/ever/be) there?
CHƯƠNG 2: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
I. Lý thuyết.
 - Một câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề là mệnh đề chính (Main clause)và mệnh đề phụ(If clause) . Mệnh đề phụ (If clause)có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.(Main clause)
 - Có 3 loại câu điều kiện:
 1.Câu điều kiện 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra .
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Simple present( HTđ) 
 Simple future( TLđ)
If + S + V(HT) +O , 
S + Will/ Shall + V(inf) + O
 * form: 
* eg: If I have time, I shall visit you.
 John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
 If she eats much, she will be over weight.
 2. Câu điều kiện 2 : điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại.
 * form : 
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Past simple (QKĐ) ,
would/could/ should/ might + Vinf
 If + S + V–ed (V2) + O,
S + would/ could + V(inf) + O 
*Note: Tobe dùng Were cho tất cả các ngôi ( trong Mệnh đề If)
* eg: If I had much money , I would buy a new bicycle.
 If you practised English every day , you could speak it fluently.
 If I were you, I would not tell him about that.
3. Câu điều kiện 3: điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ. (Học ở lớp 10,11,12)
 * form: 
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành 
would, could, might + have +PP
If + S + had + V-ed(V3) + O,
S + would/ could + have + V-ed(V3) + O
 * Eg: If he had driven more carefully, he could have had fewer accidents.
Note: Unless = ifnot ( nếu không, trừ khi )
Eg: Unless it rains, we will go to the movies.
= ( If it does not rain , we will go to the movies) 
Bảng tóm tắt câu điều kiện.
Loại
Mệnh đề phụ (IF clause)
 Mệnh đề chính (Main clause)
1
 V(HTĐ)
Be (is/am/are)
 Đt thường V inf/ V(s/ es)
 Will
 Can + V (inf)
 Shall
 May
2
Quá khứ đơn (bàng thái)
 Be " WERE 
Đt thường V- ed /( V2)BQT
 Could
 Would + V (inf)
 Should
 Might
3
QKHT (bàng thái)
 Had + V- ed(V3) BQT
 Could
 Would + have + V- ed( pp)
 Should
II. Bài tập. 
A.Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1. If you ( go) __________away, please write to me.
2. If you ( be)__________ in, I should have given it to you.
3. If he (eat) __________another cake, he will be sick.
4. I ( not do ) __________ that if I (be) __________you.
5. If he (take) __________my advice, everything can go well.
6. I would have come sooner if I ( know)__________ you were here.
7. He never does homework. If he( do)_____ his homework, he(not worry)____about his exam.
8.It’s too bad we lost the game. If you (play)__________ for us, we( win)__________.
9.What you (do) __________if she refuses your invitation?
10. If today (be) __________Sunday, we (go)__________ to the beach.
11. Unless they (pass) __________their examinations, they would join the army.
12. You (be) __________ill if you drink that water.
13. If Tom (go)__________ to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.
14. Had we known your address, we( write) __________you a letter.
15. If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) __________for a donkey ride.
16. If he (try)__________ hard, he’ll pass the examination.
17. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)__________ more slowly.
18.If she (not be)__________ busy, she would have come to the party.
19. If I (finish) __________the work in time, I ( go)__________ to the football game.
20. If you( see) __________Mary today, please ( ask) __________her to call me.
B.Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. That man doesn’t work hard.He can’t earn more money.
2.I don’t tell him the answer because he is from home.
3. My friend and I don’t have enough money , so we will not buy a house of our own.
4. The weather isn’t better now, so we can’t go for a walk.
5. I don’t know his address, and I don’t give it to you.
6.He does not work slowly enough, so he makes many mistakes.
7. I am not sent to prison. She doesn’t visit me
8. I don’t win a big prize in a lottery, so I don’t give up my job.
9. The doctor can’t see many patients because he is so late.
10. We don’t visit them in Hanoi because tickets are expensive. 
CHƯƠNG 3. CÁCH DÙNG ĐỘNG TỪ “ WISH”
Lý thuyết.
Động từ Wish = If only ( ao ước) thường dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực hiện. Có 3 loại câu ước.
Future wish:( ước muốn ở tương lai)
* form: S1 + wish + S2 + would/ could + V(inf) + O.
 " If only + S + would/ could + V(inf) + O
* eg:- I wish I would be an astronaut in the future.
 - Tom wishes he could visit Paris next summer.
 - If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday.
Present wish( ước muốn ở hiện tại)
* form: S1 + wish + S2 + V- ed + O
 Were + adj / n *Note: Tobe dùng Were cho tất cả các ngôi
 Could + V (inf)
* eg:- I wish I were rich (but I am poor now)
	- I can’t swim. I wish I could swim.
 - If only Ben were here ( but Ben isn’t here. I wish he were here)
 - We wish that we didn’t have to go to class today ( but we have go to class today)
Past wish: ( ước muốn ở quá khứ) (Học ở lớp 10,11,12)
* form: S1 + wish + S2 + had + V- ed (pp) + O
 could have + V- ed(pp) + O
* eg :- I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year.
( I failed my exam )
 - She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house.
 ( she didn’t have enough money to buy it )
 - If only I had met her yesterday.
( I didn’t meet her )
 - She wishes she could have been there.
( she couldn’t be there)
Bài tập :
 A. Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
She wishes her father ( be)_______________ here now to help her
I wish they ( visit) _______________us when they were in town.
I wish someone ( give) _______________ me a job next month.
If only I ( can take) _______________the trip to Hanoi with her next summer.
I wish they ( know) _______________the truth yesterday.
I wish I (see) _______________ that film on TV again.
We wish she (be) _______________ our teacher of English.
My brother wishes he (not waste) _______________ time when he was young.
They wish they (come) _______________ to class on time yesterday morning.
 10. I wish I ( spend) _______________my last summer vacation in the mountains.
11.I wish she (come) _______________ to see me yesterday.
12.If only I ( have) _______________more time to do this job.
13.He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he (watch) ____________ it.
14.I wish you ( not give ) _______________them my phone number yesterday.
15.We wish we ( understand) _______________all the teacher’s explanation yesterday.
B. Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
What a pity the weather isn’t nice._________________________________________
Your cousin doesn’t tell you the truth. _________________________________________
I’m sorry you don’t study hard. _________________________________________
I can’t lend you any money. _________________________________________
What a pity he doesn’t invite us to the party. ____________________________________
I’m sorry I can’t easily give the answer. _________________________________________
Tom isn’t here now. _________________________________________
We don’t buy that house. _________________________________________
They never visit us. _________________________________________
10. She is often late for school. _________________________________________
 CHƯƠNG 4: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE VOICE)
Lý thuyết.
Quan sát: 
Câu chủ động: Mr Smith teaches English. (Active)
Câu bị động: English is taught by Mr Smith. (Passive)
Qui tắc:
Tân ngữ chủ động " chủ ngữ bị động
Động từ bị động Be + Past Participle (pp)
Chủ ngữ chủ động " tân ngữ bị động ( trước có giới từ by chỉ tác nhân)
*Note: by them/ by people/ by someone . Bỏ 
Sơ đồ: S V O (Active)
1 2	3
	a b
 S be + V-ed (pp) by + O (Passive)
Bảng tóm tắt công thức các thì trong câu bị động.
HTĐ
Am, is, are + V- ed (pp)
QKĐ
Was, were + V- ed (pp)
HTTD
Am,is, are + being + V- ed (pp)
QKĐD
Was, were + being + V- ed (pp)
HTHT
Have, has + been + V- ed (pp)
QKHT
Had + been + V- ed (pp)
MODEL VERBS
Can,may,might,should,will
Have to, used to, + be + V- ed (pp)
Cách đổi: 	Bước 1: Lấy Tân ngữ (O) câu chủ động xuống làm Chủ từ (S)câu bị động.
	Bước 2: a/ Lưu ý Động từ câu chủ động ở thì nào To Be ở ngay thì đó.
	 b/ Động từ chính đổi sang dạng PP (QK phân từ)
	Bước 3: Lấy Chủ từ (S)câu chủ động xuống làm Tân ngữ (O)câu bị động đặt sau By chỉ tác nhân.
*eg: 1. I learn English everyday.
=> English is learnt by me everyday. (Passive)
2.My mother wrote that letter.
=> That letter was written by my mother. (Passive)
3.He is asking me a lot of questions.
=> I am being asked a lot of questions. (Passive)
4.She was doing her homework at that time. 
=> Her homework was being done at that time. (Passive)
5.My mother has made that cake.
=> That cake has been made by my mother. (Passive)
6. They had prepared a dinner before we came.
=> A dinner had been prepared before we came. (Passive)
7. My friend can answer this question.
=> This question can be answered by my friend. (Passive)
B Bài tập.
Chuyển những câu sau sang câu bị động
They can’t make tea with cold water.
The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
Somebody has taken some of my books away.
They will hold the meeting before May Day.
They have to repair the engine of the car.
The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
They may use this room for the classroom.
The teacher is going to tell a story.
Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
The children looked at the women with a red hat.
They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
The teacher explains the lesson.
Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.
The doctor examined the patients.
These boys made that noise 
People speak English all over the world.
He gave him back the money last Sunday.
I can’t do these exercises quickly.
She had finished the report by noon.
Should they help Jane with the sewing ?
The mechanic is repairing Judy’s car.
We must do something before it’s too late.
They make these artificial flowers of silk.
Did they LuLu feed last night? 
Nick will bring the pizzas to our house.
They used to drink beer for breakfast in England years ago.
They were cleaning the floor when I arrived.
Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion ?
Where will your company send you next year ?
 	CHƯƠNG 5: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – GIÁN TIẾP
Lý thuyết. - Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nào đó nói.
Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
Thay đổi thì của động từ.
Trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Gián tiếp (Reported speech)
HTĐ ( is/are/ am)
QKĐ (was/were)
HTTD ( is/are/am + V- ing)
QKTD(was/were + V- ing)
TLĐ ( Will )
TL trong QK ( Would )
Can
Could / be able to
Shall
Should
Must
Had to / would have to
Have to
Had to
Will
Would 
Thay đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu.
Ngôi thứ nhất: (I,we, me, mine,us,our) được đổi sang ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It,They, him/ her, his/ hers, its, their, them) phù hợp.
*eg: Jane said,” I live in the suburbs”
 " Jane said that she lived in the suburbs.
- Ngôi thứ hai ( You, your, yours ) được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tường thuật.
*eg: He said to me,” You can take my book”
	" He said me that I could take his book.
Ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, him, his, her ,them ,their) giữ nguyên( không đổi).
*eg: Mary says,” They come to help the pupils.”
 " Mary said that they came to help the pupils. 
3.Trạng từ chỉ thời gian .
Trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Gián tiếp (Reported speech)
now
then
ago
before
today
that day
tonight
that day
tomorrow
the next day/ following day
yesterday
the day before
last week/month/year
the previous week/month/year
next week/month/year
the following week/month/year
*eg: - “I’m going now”. He said
 " He said he was going then.
 - She said “ I was at Hue yesterday”.
 " She said that she had been at Hue the day before.
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Gián tiếp (Reported speech)
here
there
this
that
these
those
*eg:- He said,”Put the books here”
 " He told me to put the books there.
 - Tom said to me,” I’ll meet you this Friday”
 " He told me that he would meet me that Friday.
III. Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp
Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu này được bắt đầu bằng động từ: asked, told, ordered
Eg: -“ Hurry up, Lan”
" He told Lan to hurry up.
- “ Shut the door”
" He ordered them to shut the door.
- “ Don’t leave the room”.
" He told them not to leave the room.
 * Công thức: TT:“V + O” => GT: S + told/ordered/asked + to-inf + O
 TT“Don’t/ doesn’t + V + O” =>GT: S + asked/told + not + to-inf + O
III. Câu nghi vấn
Yes/ No – questions
Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu hỏi này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, wonder ” và theo sau có “if/ whether”.
*eg: - “ Have you seen that film?” he told her
 " He asked if she had seen that film.
 - “ Will Tom be here tomorrow?.” She told
 " She wondered whether Tom would be there the day after.
* Công thức: TT: S + tell / told + “ Do/does/was/will/are/is.. + S + V + O ?”
 GT => S + ask