Đề cương ôn tập học kỳ I môn Tiếng Anh 10

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP – ANH VĂN 10 - HỌC KỲ 1
A. CÁC ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CHÍNH:
I. Tenses
1. Simple present (Hiện tại đơn): 
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
He / she / it + V-s /es
I / You / We/ They +V
He / she / it + doesn’t + V
I / You / We / They +don’t + V
Does + he / she / it +V?
Do + I / you / we / they +V?
Use: 
a. Diễn tả thói quen ở hiện tại 
b. Diễn tả sự thật, chân lí
Trạng từ thường gặp: usually, often, always, sometimes, as a rule, normally, ever, never
 Ex: My father usually gets up at 5. a.m
 - Mrs Lien doesn’t know how to use a computer.
 - Where do you live?
2. Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + Ving
Use: 
a. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm nói 
b. Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể.
Trạng từ thường gặp: now, at present, at this moment, right now
Ex: - We are learning English now
 - My mother isn’t cooking lunch at this moment.
 - What are you doing this evening?
3. Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành): S+ have/ has/ + PP
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
He / She / It + has + PP
I / You / We/ They + have + PP
He / She / It +hasn’t + PP
I / You / We / They + haven’t + PP
Has+ He / She / It +PP?
Have+ I / You / We / They + PP?
Use: 
a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại 
b. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ để lại kết quả ở hiện tại 
c. Diễn tả kinh nghiệm
Trạng từ thường gặp : never, just, ever, recently, already, yet, lately, for, since, so far, up to no.
- My mother has just bought a new car.
- Tom hasn’t eaten Chinese food before
- How long have you lived here?
4. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) 
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
S+ V-ed / V2
S+ didn’t + V
Did + S + V?
Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ, có thời gian xác định 
Trạng từ thường gặp : yestersay, ago, last.
Ex : - I went to three days ago
 - Did you watch TV last night?
 - Peter didn’t stay at home yesterday evening
5. Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) : S+ was/ were + Ving
Use: Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm quá khứ
 Ex: - I was watching TV at 5 p.m yesterday.
 - Were they having lunch when you called?
6. Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) S+ had + PP 
Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác ở quá khứ. 
S + V2 / didn’t + V + after + S + had + Vpp
S + had + Vpp + before + S + V2 / didn’t + V 
- By the time
- When + Vpast ; S + Had + Vpp
- Until
7. Simple future (tương lai đơn): 
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
S+ will + V1
S+ won’t + V1
Will + S + V1?
Use : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai .
Trạng từ thường gặp : Tomorrow, next.
Ex : - Will you go to university after you finish school?
 - I will say goodbye to you before I leave Danang
 - Mary won’t go to the party because she has to do her homework.
Bài tập áp dụng:
Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets:
 The sun(rise) in the East.
 He went to the zoo after he ..(go) to the park
 They..( play) badminton at 5 p.m yesterday
 I can’t recognize him. He (change) a lot.
 By the time you came, the bus (leave)
 I ..( use) this cell phone since last year.
 My sister.(see) that movie three times.
 They (be)... married for 4 years.
 I (not, see). him since last month
 Some animals (not, eat). during the winter.
 Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you?
 I (not, have).. a good night sleep for a long time. 
....you (see) Mrs. Chi recently? 
 Loan’s brother (lose).. his job last month and since then he (be). out of work.
These students .( play) soccer at 6 a.m yesterday.
Last night when we (visit).... him, he (do). an experiment on the upstairs.
They ..(use) this machine for 3 weeks.
When I ...(go) to school yesterday morning, I (see) an accident.
She ..( not visit) us last week.
 20 I (see). him next month.
II. Gerund and to infinitive: Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có to
Danh động từ
động từ nguyên mẫu có to
1. Đứng sau một số động từ: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy, advise, complete, understand, dislike, acknowledge, .resume, have trouble
Ex: - He likes swimming
2. Đứng sau giới từ (in, at, on, to, from, about...)
-She is afraid of going there
1. Đứng sau một số động từ: Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want
2. Đứng sau tính từ, danh từ, từ hỏi, đại từ bất định, chỉ mục đích
- It is difficult to do this exercise
-I don't know what to do
-Do you have something to eat?
-She went to the library to borrow some books
Exercise 1: Supply the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Try to avoid (make) .................................. him angry.
2. She rushed out of the room without (give) ....me a chance (explain) ........................ .
3. I tried (explain) .................... to him but he refused (listen) .................. 
4. It's no use (cry) ......................... over spilt milk. 
5. I suggest (hold) ...................... another meeting next week.
The teacher decided (accept)_____________ the paper
We found it is difficult (reach)______________ the agreement
She denied (accept) _____________ the gift
I hope (have)___________ a job
I can’t stand . (work) with them.
11. I have no intention of (go) ......................... to that film
12. We are looking forward to (read) ................. your new book.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences:
1. Shall we go for a ride? à What about _____________________________________________________
2. Would you please do it for me? àWould you mind __________________________________________
3. Let's get together next Sunday?à How about _______________________________________________
4. Let's go camping tomorrow.-à Why don't __________________________________________________
5. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.-à I must apologize for ____________________________________
III. Wh-questions: Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (when, why, what, who, which....)
Nguyên tắc đặt câu hỏi: 
a. Nếu chưa có trợ động từ thì phải mượn trợ động từ: do/ does/ did
b. Nếu trợ động từ sẵn có(to be, khiếm khuyết) thì đảo chúng ra trước chủ ngữ, không mượn do/ does/did Một số từ hỏi khác
-how far: bao xa
-how long:bao lâu
-how often: bao lâu một lần
-how many / how much: bao nhiêu
Ex: -What is he doing?
-Where can I find you?
-Where will you go?
-How many books do you have?
Bài tập áp dụng: 
Exercise 1: Match questions for the underlined words or phrases
1. I'm taking French this semester. à ___________________________________________________
2. She's staying there for two weeks. à __________________________________________________
3. She is worried about the next examination. à __________________________________________
4. I like English very much . à ________________________________________________________
5. I began to study English six years ago . à ______________________________________________
6. They live in the city centre. à _______________________________________________________
7. Last night I went to a disco with my friend. à__________________________________________
8. I like "Tom and Jerry" because it's very interesting 
IV. The + adj + V ( số nhiều) -> person 
Ex: -The poor need help from the rich
-The unemployed are suffering from hunger
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence.
disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured
1. .....have to help ..
2.  in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately.
3. The little boy is helping cross the street.
4. ......... and . use a system of sign language to communicate with each other.
5. The government should take an urgent step to help .. .
Exercise 2: Choose the correct word between brackets.
1. The rich (is / are ) .. not always happy.
2. The poor (is / are )not always unhappy.
3. The dead never .( return / returns ).
4. The lazy can never .( succeeds / succeed ).
5. The young ( have / has ) the future in their hand.
V. Câu bị động: S+ BE+ PP+ BY+ O
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: 
 S + V + O
 S + be+ PP + BY + O
Bị động hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + been + PP + BY + O
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Underline the correct verb form.
1. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia.
2. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S.
3. How many times have you / have you been fired?
4. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation.
5. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert 
6. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million.
7. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker.
8. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management.
Exercise 2: Change into passive voice
1. Somebody has stolen my bike. à __________________________________________
2. They have postponed the class meeting. à __________________________________________
3. They have built a new school near our house. à __________________________________________
4. Has somebody informed Lan of the change? à __________________________________________
5. They haven’t finished their assignments. à __________________________________________
VI. Relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. Chức năng của các quan hệ từ:
WHO	: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)
WHOM: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ)
WHICH: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)
WHOSE: thay thế cho một hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of )
WHERE: thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH
WHEN : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH
WHY : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ lý do = (giới từ) + reason
THAT : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người , vật
2. Vị trí của các quan hệ từ:
	+ Đứng sau từ mà nó thay thế
	+ Đứng đầu mệnh đề quan hệ
Căn cứ vào chức năng và vị trí, ta có thể rút ra quy tắt sau đây:	
(Danh từ chỉ người)
+ WHO / that
+ V
(Danh từ chỉ người)
+ WHOM / WHO / that 
+ S + V
(Danh từ chỉ vật)
+ WHICH / that
+ S + V
+ V
(Danh từ)
+ WHOSE
+ noun
+ V
+ S + V
that = who, whom, which nhưng that không được dùng sau dấu phẩy và giới từ
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Fill in each gap with suitable relative pronoun : which , that , whose , whom or who 
1. Stop him . He’s the man _________ stole my wallet.
2. There are many people ________ are living in very poor condition. 
3. I’ve ever read the book _________ Huong gave me yesterday. 
4. The man _______ I saw last weekend said something totally different. 
5. They have invented a television set _________ is small as a watch.
6. This is the building __________ was destroyed badly in the fire last night . 
7. I’m talking about Tom, __________ is really friendly. 
8. The boy _________ sister is in my class can speak Japanese and Korean languages 
9. Is this the letter _____________ you wanted me to mail?
10. The man _____________. sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend's father
Exercise 2: Combine the sentences, using relative clause
1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital à ____________________________________
2. They are singing a song. I don’t know the song. à ____________________________________
3. A man spoke to me. He was very helpful. à ____________________________________ 
4. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt. à _________________________________
5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour. à ____________________________________
6. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most. à ____________________________________
7. Jill isn’t on the phone. This makes it difficult to contact her. à ___________________________________
VII. be going to (sẽ) + V1 / be +V-ing (the present continuous )
1. be going to 
a. ý định có trước lúc nói 
Ex: A: Why are you working so hard these days? 
	 B: Because I'm going to buy a car.	
b. dự đoán có cơ sở: Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.
2. be +V-ing: Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể.
Ex: They are having an English-speaking club meeting next week.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous or be going to.
1. The Browns (go)........................to the cinema this evening.
2. We (have)........................an English-speaking club meeting next week.
3. The cat is just behind the rat. It (catch).......................the rat.
4. Where.. you (put)..........................this new bookcase?
5. Smoking is very bad for his health, but he (not give) ..it up.
VIII. Mệnh đề lí do và nhượng bộ
Mệnh đề lí do
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ
because + clause (S + V)
 because of + noun phrase / V-ing
Although + clause (S + V)
In spite of + noun phrase / V-ing
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of.
 1. it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation. 
 2. a/ I went home early .......................I was feeing sick. 
 b/ I went to work the next day I was still feeling sick. 
 3. I couldn’t get to sleep ..there was a lot of noise. 
 4. I didn’t get the job .being extremely qualified. 
 5. ..the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. 
 6. I couldn’t sleep .. I was really tired. 
 7. The flight may be cancelled the thick fog. 
 8. My mother is always complaining................ the untidiness of my room.
 9. I didn't get the job...................I had all the necessary qualifications.
 10. ............. it was sunny, it was quite a cold day.
Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means as the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail. -> Because ____________________________
2. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.-> In spite of _________________________
3. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.-> In spite of _______________________
4. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads.-> Because ____________________________
5. They went out in spite of heavy rain.-> Although ____________________________
6. Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more.-> In spite of __________________
7. Cars cause pollution but people still want them. -> Although ____________________________
8. Jenny ran fast but she didn’t win the race.->Despite the fact ____________________________
9. He didn't go to school because his illness.-> Because he ____________________________ 
10. Nancy told me the secret despite having promised not to do so. → Because of ____________________
IX. Reported speech with statements: tường thuật câu phát biểu
Direct speech
Reported speech
 1. Tense
- Simple present
- Present Continuous
- Present perfect
- Simple past
- Past continuous
- Past perfect
* will
* can
* must
2. Adverbs of time
- yesterday
- last week
- now
- today
- tomorrow
- next week
- right now
- Simple past
- Past Continuous
- Past perfect
- Simple past/ past perfect
- Past perfect continuous
- Past perfect
* would
* can / could
* had to
- the day before / the previous day
- the week before / the previous week
- then
- that day
- the day after / the following day
- the week after / the following 
- at once
3. Adverbs of place: - here
4. demonstrative words
- this
- these
there
- that
- those
Ex: -"I want to buy it"-> He said he wanted to buy it
 -"I'm writing a letter now"-> He said he was writing a letter then
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences, using reported speech.
1/ Tom said : “I bought a pocket calculator for my father last week.” 
- _________________________________________________________ 
 2/ She said : “I spent a summer in this village.” 
- _________________________________________________________ 
3/ They said to me : “You taught us English last year.” 
_________________________________________________________ 
*4/ Our teacher said : “ World War II broke out in 1939.” 
_________________________________________________________ 
5/ Mr.Brown said : “Our trip cost us two thousand dollars.” 
- _________________________________________________________ 
6/ He said to her : “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.” 
- _________________________________________________________ 
7/ My father said to them : “My secretary is going to finish this job.” 
 _________________________________________________________ 
8/ They said : “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.” 
- _________________________________________________________ 
9/ He said : “Your car has been stolen, John.” 
____________________________________________________ 
10/ They said : “The river is rising early this year.” 
_________________________________________________________ 
X. Conditional sentence type 1: Câu điều kiện loại 1 (có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If clause
Main clause
S + V (+s / es)
 S + don’t / doesn’t)
Will + V1
Ex: - If you study hard, you will pass the next exam
 - If you don't do your homework, you won't pass your exams.
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him, I (give)................him a lift
2. The table will collapse if you (stand)................on it
3. If he (eat)...............all that, he will be ill
4. If I find your passport, I (telephone)....................you at once
5. The police (arrest).................him if they catch him
6. Someone (steal ) your car if you leave it unlocked
7. If you (not go).....................away, I'll send for the police
8. If he (be) ................late, we'll go without him
9. He will be late for the train if he (not start) ..................at once
10. Ice (turn)..................to water if you heat it
B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP
I. PRONUNCIATION
A. Choose the word that has the underlined (letters) pronounced differently from the others.
1. a. scream	 b. death	 c. ready	d. peasant
2. 	a. chat	 b. panic	 c. park	d. passenger
3. a. movie	 b. die	c. pie	d. lie
4. a. how	 b. town	c. power	d. low
5. a. may	 b. mad	c. railway	d. hate
6. a. focus	 b. post	c. most	d. house
7. a. decide	 b. depress	c. mess	d. better
8. a. health	 b. eat	c. seat	d. meat
9. a. boss	 b. call	c. more	d. talk
10. a. chorus	 b. champion	c. cheap	d. child
11. a. soup	 b. route 	 c. group	d. could
12. a. media	b. television	 c. scene	d. secret
13. a. cartoon	b. moon	 c. flood	d. too
14. a. wild	b. try	 c. mystery	d. violent
15. a. paper	 b. famous	 c. rain	d. channel
B. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.
1. a. channel	 b. media	 c. cartoon	d. comment
2. a. documentary	b. advantage	 c. magazine	d. popularity
3. a. newspaper	b. encourage	 c. responsible	d. effective
4. a. beautiful	b. television	 c. Internet	d. interfere
5. a. enjoy	b. relax	 c. recommend	 d. intend
6. a. excursion	 b. spacious	 c. resume	d. pagoda
7. a. relax 	 b. permit 	 c. picnic 	d. visit
8. a. glorious	 b. possible 	 c. p protective 	d. necessary
9. a. persuade 	 b. believe 	 c. instead	d. anxious
II. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
1 . John isn't content with his present salary.
	a. excited about	b. satisfied with	 c. disappointed about	d. interested in
2. We.................the seedlings into peaty soil.
	a. take	b. plough	 c. raise	d. transplant 
3. We seldom set: each other anymore.
	a. sometimes	b. occasionally	 c. frequently	d. rarely
She purchased a number of sh