Đề cương ôn tập học kỳ 1 môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 (Kèm đáp án)

REVIEW
I. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
There are a (1) _____ of causes that can contribute directly or indirectly (2) _____ the extinction of a species or group of species. Just as each species is unique, and (3) _____ is each extinction. The causes for each are varied – some subtle and complex, others obvious and simple. Most simply, any species that is unable to (4) _____ or reproduce in its environment, and unable to move to a new environment where it can do so, will (5) _____ out and become extinct. Extinction of a species may come suddenly when a healthy species is wiped out completely, as when toxic pollution makes its entire. (6) _____ unlivable; or may occur gradually over thousands or millions of years, such as when a species gradually loses out in (7) _____ for food to better adapted competitors.
The question of whether more extinction in the fossil record have been caused by evolution or by catastrophe is a subject of discussion. When talking about species extinction has been raised, most expert concern with the (8) _____ of climate change and technological disasters. Currently, environmental groups and some governments are concerned (9) _____ the extinction of species caused by human beings, and are attempting to combat further extinctions through a variety of conservation programs. Humans can cause extinction of a species through overharvesting, (10) _____, habitat destruction, introduction of new predators and food competitors, overhunting, and other influences. 
a. popularity 	b. differences 	c. variety 	d. many
a. to 	b. for 	c. with 	d. at
a. otherwise 	b. so 	c. but 	d. or
a. damage 	b. deforest 	c. disappear 	d. survive
a. go 	b. put 	c. die 	d. take
a. nature 	b. reserve 	c. diversity 	d. habitat
a. compete 	b. competition 	c. competitor 	 	 d. competitive
a. effects 	b. efforts 	c. destructions	 	 d. punishment
a. for 	b. at 	c. about 	d. against
a. pollution 	b. planting 	c. raising 	d. agriculture
II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
The current global extinction rate is (1) _____ at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction rate. Many (2) _____ believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the (3) _____ of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
From what is known about present-day populations and from (4) _____ theory, the change in either the physical (5) _____ the biological environment is the key to extinction. However, the vulnerability of a species depends (6) _____ a wide variety of factors, such as its total population size, geographical (7) _____, reproductive ability, ecological relations with other species, and genetic characteristics. For example, more emphasis is put on the greater vulnerability of species that reproduce slowly as contrasted with those that reproduce (8) _____. Other factors, such as food-plant specialization, may make many fast reproducers more vulnerable than species that reproduce more slowly. No matter (9) _____ fast an insect species that depends on (10) _____ certain plan can reproduce; it will still go extinct if that plant's habitat is destroyed.
It has been estimated that about one half billion species have lived at one time or another, and today's existing species are only 2% of those that have ever evolved. The other 98% have either died out or evolved into something sufficiently different to be called a new species.
a. increased 	b. distributed 	c. estimated 	d. added
a. biology 	b. biologists 	c. biological 	d. biologically
a. disappearance 	b. remain 	c. disposal 	d. limitation
a. evolve 	b. evolution 	c. evolutionary 	d. evolutionist
a. so 	b. and 	c. nor 	d. or
a. in 	b. on 	c. at 	d. about
a. opportunity 	b. follow 	c. spread 	 d. distribution
a. rapidly 	b. cheaply 	c. cheerfully 	d. lastly
a. how 	b. what 	c. when 	d. which
a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. Ø
III>-. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
The most dominant and reliable features of facial expressions provide a constant channel of communication. They can be shifty and evasive; convey hate, fear, and guilt; or (1) _____ confidence, love, and support.
Referred to as "mirrors of the soul" our eyes serve as the major decisive factor in (2) _____ the spoken words. The eyes of the man converse as (3) _____ as their tongues, with the advantage that the ocular dialect needs (4) _____ dictionary, but it is understood all over the world. When the eyes say one thing, and the tongue another, a practiced man relies on eyes. Except (5) _____ extremely shy individuals, most people look for social acceptance by studying the eyes of others. Eyes also can (6) _____ indicate a positive or a negative relationship. People tend to look longer and more often at the people whom they trust, respect and care about than at those whom they doubt or (7) _____. Normal eye dilation is not under control of the individual. Personally characteristics such as introversion and extroversion also influence eye behavior. Eye behavior seems (8) ____ particular importance and is generally used to indicate whether one is open to communication. This can be observed when a teacher asks the class a question: students who think they know the answer will generally (9) ____ at the teacher, (10) ____ students who do not know the answer will usually try to avoid eye contact.
a. replace 	b. report 	c. consider 	d. express
a. interpreting 	b. changing 	c. exchanging 	d. transporting
a. much 	b. many 	c. more 	d. a lot
a. not 	b. nor 	c. no 	d. none
a. in 	b. for 	c. of 	d. with
a. accurate 	b. accuracy 	c. accurately 	d. inaccurate
a. love 	b. long 	c. wait 	d. dislike
a. to be 	b. be 	c. being 	d. been
a. notice 	b. look 	c. think 	d. aim
10. a. as 	b. while 	c. so 	d. because
IV. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Here are tips that help succeed in your job interview:
Always arrive early. If you do not know (1) _____ the organization is located, call for exact directions (2) _____ advance. Leave some extra time for any traffic, parking, or (3) _____ events. If you are running late, call right away and let someone know. The best time to arrive is approximately 5 - 10 minutes early. Give (4) _____ the time to read your resume one more time, to catch your breath, and to be ready for the interview. Once you are at the office, treat everyone you encounter with respect. Be (5) _____ to everyone as soon as you walk in the door.
Wear a professional business suit. This point should be emphasized enough. First (6) _____ are extremely important in the interview process. Women should (7) _____ wearing too much jewelry or make up. Men should avoid flashy suits or wearing too much perfume. It is (8) _____ important that you feel comfortable. While a suit is the standard interview attire in a business environment, if you think it is (9) _____ informal environment, call before and ask. Regardless, you can never be overdressed (10) _____ you are wearing a tailored suit.
a. why 	b. when 	c. where 	d. that
a. with 	b. in 	c. on 	d. for
a. expected 	b. unexpected 	c. unexpectedly 	d. expectedly
a. you 	b. your 	c. yours 	d. yourself
a. pleasant 	b. happy 	c. disappointed 	d. excited
a. attentions 	b. attendances 	c. impressions 	d. pressures
a. avoid 	b. suggest 	c. enjoy 	d. mind
a. too 	b. also 	c. either 	d. so
a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. no article
a. as if 	b. why 	c. unless 	d. if
V. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
You will make the interview process easier for the employer if you prepare relevant information about yourself. Think about how you want to present your (1) ____, experiences, education, work style, skills, and goals. Be prepared to supplement all your answers with examples that support the statements you make. It is also a good idea to review your resume with a critical eye and (2) ____ areas that an employer might see as limitations or want further information. Think about how you can answer difficult' questions (3) ____ and positively, while keeping each answer brief.
An interview gives the employer a (4) _____ to get to know you. While you do want to market yourself to the employer, answer each question with an honest (5) _____.
Never say anything negative about past experiences, employers, or courses and professors. Always think of something positive about an experience and talk about that. You should also be (6) ____. If you are genuinely interested (7) _____ the job, let the interviewer know that.
One of the best ways to show you are keen on a job is to demonstrate that you have researched the organization prior to the interview. You can also (8) ____ interest by asking questions about the job, the organization, and its services and products. The best way to impress an employer is to ask questions that build upon your interview discussion. This shows you are interested and (9) ____ close attention to the interviewer. It is a good idea to prepare a few questions in advance, but an insightful comment based on your conversation can make an even stronger statement. At the (10) _____ of an interview, it is appropriate for you to ask when you may expect to hear; from the employer.
a. pressures 	b. practices 	c. promotions 	d. strengths
a. hide 	b. identify 	c. express 	d. limit
a. sharply 	b. hardly 	c. accurately 	d. rightly
a. chance 	b. way 	c. change 	d. practice
a. expression 	b. respect 	c. response 	d. ability
a. enthusiastic b. enthusiast 	c. enthusiasm 	d. enthusiastically
a. on 	b. for 	c. with 	d. in
a. appear 	b. show 	c. cover 	d. conceal
a. make 	b. pay 	c. choose 	d. spend
a. final 	b. finish 	c. close 	d. end
VI. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Vietnam is considered a third world country, its people live (1) _____ poverty by the millions. After the (2) _____, Vietnam's economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, (3) _____, material and technological shortfalls, and insufficient food and (4) _____ goods. The Doi Moi reforms that were instated in 1986 have shed new light and added new features to the Vietnamese economy. (5) ____ Vietnamese Communist Party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and (6) _____ reforms. Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives and (7) _____ the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises. By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident. (8) _____ than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual (9) _____ of more than 7 percent. Farming systems research and the international development projects are a source of new hope for the people of Vietnam. If these recent projects are successful and Doi Moi continues on its current path the Vietnamese people may (10) _____ a new standard of living. More reforms like Doi Moi need to take place in order to create a more stable Vietnamese future. 
a. for 	b. in	c. on	d. of 
a. liberate 	b. liberation 	c. liberator 	d. liberal
a. application 	b. salary 	c. profession 	d. unemployment
a. consumer 	b. producer 	c. spender 	d. manufacturer
a. A 	b. An 	c. The 	d. Ø
a. launching 	b. flying 	c. sending 	d. raising
a. found 	b. promised 	c. required 	d. encouraged
a. Much 	b. More 	c. As 	d. As more
a. rate 	b. level 	c. standard 	d. step
a. come 	b. approach 	c. reach 	d. arrive
VII. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (1) _____- governmental organization for the (2) _____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (3) _____ as a charitable trust on September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It was an initiative of Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson.
It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (4) _____ worldwide, working in more (5) _____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world. It is a charity, with (6) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary. (7) ___ by private individuals and businesses.
The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (8) _____ of our environment". Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also concerned (9) _____ endangered species, pollution, and climate change. The organization (10) ____ more than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few years, the organization set up offices and operations around the world.
a. non 	b. not 	c. no 	d. nor
a. challenge 	b. keeping 	c. conservation 	d. awareness
a. produced 	b. discovered 	c. used 	d. formed
a. supporters 	b. residents 	c. inhabitants 	d. citizens
a. as 	b. than 	c. to 	d. as to
a. generally 	b. individually 	c. commercially 	d. approximately
a. deposits 	b. donations 	c. refunds 	d. loans
a. destroy 	b. destructive 	c. destruction 	d. destroyed
a. on 	b. by 	c. with 	d. upon
a. goes 	b. walks 	c. reaches 	d. runs
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Over the next 20 to 50 years, it will become harder to tell the (1) _____ between the human and the machine. All, body (2) _____ will be replaceable. Computers will function like the human (3) _____ with the ability to recognize feelings and respond in a feeling way. They will then produce fake people. We will then be able to create a machine duplicate of ourselves (4) _____ we will appear to be alive long after we are dead. Maybe a few decades later, a way will be found to transfer our spirit, including our (5) _____ and thoughts, to the new body. Then we can choose to live for as (6) _____ as we want. It might be expensive. When it becomes possible to do a spirit transfer, they will figure out (7) _____ to do them automatically. So we will be able to reside within whichever duplicate we want, whenever we want. 
Miniature robots will be built to travel through your blood (8) _____ and repair damage. Also, larger robots will be used when you are sick. When you have an upset stomach, you will (9) _____ a very small cherry tasting robot which will travel through your stomach taking video of the mess. It will be set up like a video game, so you can control the exploring and the selection of images. Then you can replay the video to help a doctor (10) _____ your illness, or to prove to your employer that you really, were sick. 
a. variety 	b. change 	c. difference 	 d. appearance
a. region 	b. place 	c. role 	d. parts
a. brain 	b. limb 	c. skull 	d. liver
a. such 	b. as 	c. so 	d. but
a. experience 	b. memories 	c. actions 	d. health
a. long 	b. far 	c. much 	d. soon
a. what 	b. when 	c. why	 	d. how
a. line 	b. creek 	c. stream 	d. river
a. swallow 	b. chew 	c. vomit 	d. drink
a. notice 	b. diagnose 	c. watch 	d. observe
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Robots are already a part of our lives. Industrial robots widely used in manufacturing. Military and police organizations use robots to (1) _____ in dangerous situations. Robots can (2) _____ be found from vacuuming the floors in your home to exploring the surface of Mars. 
Within a few more years a whole host of robotic adaptations will be running many aspects' of our lives. "I think in (3) _____ next thirty years, we are going to see a transformation between the industrial sorts of robots to personal robots," says Brooks from Brooks' company, IRobot, markets floor cleaning robots for homes.
"The advances in robotics make it clear that many household (4) ____ will be easily handled by a robot in the near future," says Bob Christopher, who works for a robotic technology company that is marketing a toy robot (5) _____ Pleo. "We have only one child but I could easily (6) _____ five or six robots in the home as well."
Within the next 10 years one will be able to (7) _____, to lease or purchase a domestic robot that not only does the household cleaning and prepare and serve his meals, (8) _____ also can carry him to the bathtub if he cannot walk.
Demographic changes, such as a rapidly aging population and a shrinking workforce, will drive forward the application of new (9) ___. There is going to be a real pull for increasing the productivity of working age people. So there is going to be a real push for robotics to help people. (10) _____ addition it is likely that in the near future we will see robots- taking on some of the care functions elderly, or long-term ill people.
a. assist 	b. increase 	c. make 	d. create
a. so 	b. either 	c. too 	d. also
a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. Ø
a. aspects 	b. chores 	c. works 	d. jobs
a. which called 	b. called 	c. calling 	d. that called
a. hope 	b. think 	c. imagine 	d. look
a. afford 	b. attain 	c. offer 	d. affect
a. either 	b. as 	c. and 	d. but
a. technology 	b. technological 	c. technique	 	d. technician
a. At	 	b. In 	c. For 	d. With
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Desert biomes are the (1) _____ of all the biomes. In fact, the most important characteristic of a desert is that it receives very little (2) _____. Most deserts receive less than 300 mm a year compared (3) __ rainforests, which receive over 2,000 mm. That means that the desert only gets 10 percent of the rain that a rainforest gets! The temperature in the desert can (4) _____ drastically from day to night because the air is. (5) _____ dry that heat escapes rapidly at night. The daytime temperature averages 38°C (6) _____ in some deserts it can get down to -4°C at night. The temperature also varies greatly depending on the (7) _____ of the desert.
Since desert conditions are so severe, the plants that live there need to have (8) _____ to compensate for the lack of water. Some plants, such as cacti, (9) _____ water in their stems and use it very slowly, while others like bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by having large root systems to gather water or few leaves. Some desert plant species have a short life cycle of a few weeks that (10) _____ only during periods of rain.
a. coldest 	b. hottest 	c. driest 	d. wettest 
a. rain 	b. rainfall 	c. raindrop 	d. raincoat
a. with 	b. for 	c. about 	d. in
a. change 	b. exchange 	c. transform 	d. transfer
a. such as 	b. such 	c. so much 	d. so
a. when 	b. while 	c. as 	d. because
a. part 	b. region 	c. area 	d. location
a. adaptations 	b. agreements 	c. accepts 	d. achievements
a. place 	b. put 	c. store 	d. hold
10. a. spend 	b. take 	c. last 	d. experience