Đề cương ôn học sinh giỏi môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

VERB TENSES	
PHAÀN LYÙ THUYEÁT
The simple present tense (Thì hieän taïi ñôn)
Form ( Caáu truùc)
I, we, you, they Vinf
He, she, it, Vs/es
Use (Caùch duøng)
Dieãn taû moät chaân lyù, moät söï thaät hieån nhieân. The sun rises in the East
Dieãn taû moät thoùi quen, moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra thöôøng xuyeân ôû hieän taïi. Mary often goes to school by bicycle.
Dieãn taû moät söï vieäc seõ xaûy ra theo thôøi gian bieåu hoaëc chöông trình, keá hoaïch ñaõ ñònh theo thôøi gian bieåu.
The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning.
* Löu yù: Ta theâm es sau caùc ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø: o,s,x,xh,sh
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
 Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, 
Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday
 Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time
The present continuous tense ( Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn)
Form ( Caáu truùc)
I
Am
Ving
We, you, they
Are
He, she, it
is
Use (Caùch duøng)
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng hay moät söï vieäc ñang dieån ra ngay luùc noùi. The children are playing football now.
Dieàn taû moät haønh ñoäng coù tính taïm thôøi, dieãn ra xung quanh thôøi ñieåm noùi.
I am quite busy these days. I am building a new house.
Dieån taû moät keá hoaïch, moät döï ñònh trong töông lai gaàn,moät söï saép xeáp tröôùc luùc noùi.
He is coming next week.
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
 Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still
Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays
 Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent...
* Löu yù: Khoâng duøng thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn vôùi caùc töø chæ nhaän thöùc, tri giaùc nhö: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget
	I am tired now
	She wants to go for a walk at the moment.
The past simple tense ( Thì quaù khöù ñôn)
Form ( Caáu truùc)
I, we, you, they, he, she, it
Ved
V2
Use (Caùch duøng)
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra vaø chaám döùt trong quaù khöù, thôøi gian ñöôïc xaùc ñònh roõ.
Tom went to Paris last week.
Dieãàn taû moät haønh ñoäng dieãn ra suoát moät khoaûng thôøi gian trong quaù khöù, nhöng nay ñaõ hoaøn toaøn chaám döùt.
She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher.
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child
Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer
Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago
The past continuous tense ( Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn)
Form ( Caáu truùc)
We, you, they
were
Ving
I, he, she, it
was
Use (Caùch duøng)
Haønh ñoäng ñaõ dieãn ra vaø keùo daøi moät thôøi gian ôû quaù khöù.
Yesterday, Mr. John was working in the laboratory all the afternoon.
Haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra vaøo moät thôøi ñieåm trong quaù khöù.
I was doing my homework at 6:00 last Sunday.
Haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra trong quaù khöù thì coù moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xen vaøo (haønh ñoäng naøo keùo daøi hôn ta duøng Past continuous, haønh ñoäng ngaén hôn duøng Past simple)
When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.
Löu yù: Khoâng duøng caùc ñoäng töø chæ nhaän thöùc, tri giaùc. Thay vaøo ñoù ta duøng thì Past simple.
I felt tired at that time.
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
 At 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at the time last week, at that time
The present perfect tense ( Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh)
Form ( Caáu truùc)
I, we, you, they
have
V3/ Ved
He, she, it
has
	(Theå phuû ñònh S have/ has not PP; Theå nghi vaán Have/Has S PP?)
Use (Caùch duøng)
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng, moät söï vieäc vöøa môùi xaûy ra.
I have just seen my sister in the park.
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng laäp ñi laäp laïi nhieàu laàn trong quaù khöù maø khoâng bieát roû thôøi gian cuï theå trong quaù khöù. Haønh ñoäng coù theå tieáp tuïc xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi vaø töông lai.
I have seen that film several times.
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi vaø coù theå xaûy ra trong töông lai.
Mary has lived in this house for ten years.
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù maø khoâng roû thôøi gian. I have lost my keys.
Dieån taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù maø keát quaû vaãn coøn ôû hieän taïi. He has had lunch. (He is full now.)
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
Since, for
Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years
Löu yù: Caùc traïng töø treân chæ ñöôïc duøng keøm vôùi thì hieän taï hoaøn thaønh trong caùc caâu ñôn. Neáu caâu töø hai meänh ñeàø trôû leân thì ta phaûi döïa vaøo ngöõ caûnh chöù khoâng chæ döïa vaøo caùc traïng töø ñoù.)
The past perfect tense
Form ( Caáu truùc)
I we you they he she it
had
PP
(Phuû ñònh: had not = hadn’t; Nghi vaán: Had S PP?)
Use (Caùch duøng)
Thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh duøng ñeå dieãõn taû moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra, hoaøn thaønh tröôùc moät haønh ñoäng, moät thôøi ñieåm khaùc trong quaù khöù.
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year
By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad
Before, after, when, already
The future simple tense (Thì töông lai ñôn)
I, we, you, they, he, she, it
Will
V0
Form ( Caáu truùc)
(Phuû ñònh: will not = won’t; Nghi vaán Will S Vo?)
Use ( Caùch duøng)
Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra ôû töông lai. He will come back next week.
Dieãàn taå moät lôøi höùa, moät döï ñoaùn, moät yù kieán, moät quyeát ñònh töùc thôøi, moät ngoû yù. I will give you a phone to night.
Time expressions ( Cuïm töø thôøi gian)
Next: next week, next month, next summer
Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow 
I think, I am sure
PHAÀN THÖÏC HAØNH
The simple present tense
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question:
Example: 	He (visit) ______visits _______his parents very often.
He doesn’t visit his parents very often
Does he visit his parents very often?	
He (go) _________________to School everyday.
She (come) ___________________ from Germany.
Daisy usually (go) _____________________ to work by car.
We (watch) __________________TV every night.
He (walk) __________________to work every day.
He (be) ______________________in Ca Mau.
They (be) ____________________students.
She (wash) ___________________her clothes every Sunday.
She (study) _______________________English every day.
He (want) _________ to become a teacher.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present simple tense:
She usually (walk) _______________ to school.
What time ________Mary usually (get) ____________ up every morning?
She (not wash) ____________her clothes every weekend.
___________they (be) teachers?
It (not be) often ______________cold in summer.
Tom usually (walk) _____________ to school.
He (be) _______________ a student.
I (be) _________________ sixteen years old.
They (be) __________________ very friendly.
He often (wash) __________________ the car at weekends.
What time ____________you often (get) ____________ up every morning?
________she (like) ________________ English?
Every week she (go) ______________________ to visit her parents.
What time __________your father usually (get) ___________ up?
We (not go) ____________________to school on Sundays.
We (not be) ___________________very lazy.
The Earth (go) _________________around the Sun.
I (visit) ___________________my parents very often.
___________he (go) ___________________to school every day?
_____________she (come) _____________________from Japanese?
The present continuous tense
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question:
Example: 	She (read) ____is reading _____at the moment.
She isn’t reading at the moment	
Is she reading at the moment?	
He (watch) ____________________________________TV right now.
At present they (sit) ___________________________ in the class.
This year we (learn) _________________________ English.
Look! Peter (play) ______________________ football in the schoolyard.
Be quiet! The baby (sleep) _______________________________.
Look! The man (smoke) ____________________________ there.
She (write) _______________________ to her parents now.
My father (work) ___________________________in the garden at the moment.
John (listen) _____________________________ to the radio now.
He (play) _______________________chess at the moment.
	Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present continuous tense:
The workers (work) ______________________ in the firm at the moment.
Please be quite! You (make) ___ _________________so much noise so I can’t concentrate.
Tony (have) _______________ ___a bath at the moment.
Listen! He (read) _____________________a story by Shakespeare.
At present Richard (study) _______________in London.
This term I (study) _______________philosophy and economics.
Janet (have) _______________a shower at the moment.
They (not/study) _______________at present.
Yukiko (have) _______________a bath now.
We (make) _______________a cake at the moment.
Jane (watch) _______________television at the moment.
Look! The boy (cry) ____________________.
Alice and Mary (put) ___________ the dishes away right now.
The farmer (work) _________________ in the field now.
Look! It (snow) _______________.
Phong (sleep) _______________ right now.
Mother (cook) ________________ some food in the kitchen at present.
Just a minute! I (look up) ______________ that word in the dictionary.
_______________you (write) ______________ a letter now?
They (not read) ____________________ books in the sitting room right now.
Look! They (play) _________________ football.
She (sweep) _______________ the floor now.
What________ she (do) ____________ now?
She (wash) ______________ the clothes at the moment.
Listen! Peter and Daisy (sing) ________________ now.
My brother (not watch) ___________TV now. He (wash) __________ his car.
He (study) _____________ English this month.
________you (work) __________ in the garden now?
Peter (talk) ________________ to Susan now.
She (listen) _______________to the radio in her bedroom at the moment.
The past simple tense
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question:
Example: 	He (watch) __watched________ a good programme on TV last night.
He didn’t watch a good programme on TV last night.	
	Did he watch a good programme last night?	
Mary (go) ___________ shopping for me yesterday.
The policeman (drive) __________ away ten minutes ago.
The biscuit factory (close) __________________ last year.
The headmaster (come) _______________ to the school in 1985.
You (spend) ________________________ a lot of money last month.
I last (go) ________________________ to Spain in 1990.
The boy (finish) _________________________their homework yesterday.
Rolf (buy) _____________ the leather jacket last week.
I (have) ____________ a little trouble with my car last week.
She (wash) ______________her clothes last night.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense:
They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.
She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
We (visit) ___________ that city last year.
Peter and Daisy (be) __________ born in 1978.
__________you (spend) _________ your holiday in Dalat last summer?
She (clean) _______________the bicycle yesterday.
They (start) __________school in 1998.
My friend and I (go) __________________ to the seaside last week.
We (spend) ___________________________ hours on the beach last Sunday.
He (be) ______________________________ in Ha Noi last year.
His father (die) _____________________ in 1930.
Lincoln (work) __________________in this factory three years ago.
I (do) _____________________my homework last night.
Miss White (write) ______________________to her father last Monday.
My parents (buy) _________________________the car last year.
Hoa (read) _____________________________the book yesterday.
He (listen) _______________________________to the radio last night.
We (watch) _____________ a good programme on TV last night.
Mary (go) _______________shopping for me yesterday.
I (be) _______________ in Ha Noi last month.
My parents (go) _______________to HCM city last week.
Yesterday we (have) _______________a meeting at our school.
Mary (meet) _______________her parents two week ago.
She (be) _______________born in 1992.
What you (do) _______________last night.
Last summer I (study) _______________English in Can Tho City.
She (not visit) _______________her son last week.
In 1997 there (be) _______________a terrible storm.
They (build) _______________the house twenty years ago.
John (do not) _______________come to my birthday party last Sunday.
 The past continuous:
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question:
Example: 	At this time yesterday they (play) __were playing___ football.
	At this time yesterday they were not playing football.
	At this time yesterday were they playing football?	
At this time yesterday we (play) __________________ tennis in the schoolyard.
At 7:00 pm yesterday (watch) ________________________ TV.
Yesterday while my father (watch) _____________________ TV, my mother (read) the newspaper, my sister (do) _______________________her homework and I (play) ____________ chess with my friend.
What were you doing when I phoned you? I (have) ____________________a bath.
She (do) __________________________her homework at the time yesterday.
Marry (water) ______________________the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday.
They (visit) __________________________the zoo at ten o’clock yesterday.
Peter and I (do) _____________________the exercise at this time last night.
Last night my father (feed) ________________________the pigeons at 7:00.
At this time last year we (learn) _______________________English in London.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous:
When I (arrive) ____________ at this house, he still (sleep) ______________.
The light (go) _________ out while we (have) _________________dinner.
Bill (have) ________________ breakfast when I (stop) _____________ at this house this morning.
When I (arrive) ___________________at this house, he still (sleep) ________________________.
As we (cross) ______________________the Street, we (see) _____________________an accident.
Tom (see) ______________a serious accident while he (stand) __________________at the bus stop.
The children (play) _________________ football when their mother (come) ___________back home.
The bell (ring) ______________________while Tom (take) ___________________ a bath.
He (sit) ______________________in a car when I (see) ______________________him.
We (clean) _____________________the house when she (come) _______________yesterday.
The present perfect tense:
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question:
Example: She (be) has been here for several days. 
She has not been here for several days.
Has she been here for several days?
Tom (see) ______________this film before.
I (finish) ______________ my exercise already.
They (live) ______________ here since 1990.
My father (just wash) ______________ his car.
The students (discuss) ______________ the question recently.
Mary (never, be) ______________ to Ha Noi.
We (know) ______________ each other for 5 years.
So far we (learn) ______________ five lessons.
We (be) ______________ pen pals for a long time.
They (stay) ______________ here since last week.
Exercise 2:	
Bob (see) ______________ this movie before.
Sandra (lend) ____________ her brother $ 200 so far.
Rashid (just pass) ____________ his driving test.
Karen (study) ____________ __________ Italian for three years now and is still studying.
The teacher (already, tell) ____________ to be quite.
Tim (not, take) ____________ many photos yet.
Jorge (read) ____________ the newspaper already.
We (not begin) _____________ to study for the test yet.
John and I (be) ______________ pen pals for nearly 3 years.
He (wear) ___________ the same coat since he (move) ___________ here.
. I (not see) _____________ your brother recently.
. They (not contact) _______________ to each other for a long time.
How long _______________you (study) ______________ English?
How many times _________ you (see) _______________him since he went to Edinburgh?
Who is that woman? I (never/ see) _______________ her before.
We (be) ____________ from French. We (be) ______________ there for 20 years.
I (see) __________ that film several times because I like it.
Mary (lose) _________________ her hat for 2 days.
He (not finish) _______________ doing it yet.
He (not see) ____________ him since Christmas.
(live)_______________in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975.
He (just see) ______________ her.
They (already show) _______________ the film.
I’m sorry the car is not here. I (just sell) ______________ it.
The Bakers (be) ______________ in New York for 3 months.
My brother (use) ______________ this computer for 2 years.
They (live) ________________ in this street for a long time.
Mr. Green (teach) ______________ French since he left London in 1997.
She (not speak) _________________ to me since last week.
Up to now, Hoa (work) _______________ very hard.
The past perfect tense:
Yesterday they (go) _________________ home after they (finish) ______________ their work.
When we came to the stadium, the match (already start) _________________________.
Many people (move) _________________ to the new place before the storm occurred.
I sat down ant rested after they (go) _________________.
Before he died, he (be) _________________ ill for several days.
Last night before he (watch) _______________ TV, he (do) _________________ the exercise.
She went to the department after her (clean) _________________ the floor.
When I got to the party, they (go) _________________ home.
By the time the police arrived, the house (be) _________________ burned down.
By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) _________________ built.
The future simple tense. Put the verb in the future simple tense.
__________you (take) _________ at trip to London next week.
She (water) _________________ the flowers next month.
They (build) ________________ a new bridge in this province next year.
Tomorrow she (send) _________________ the letter to Ha Hoi.
In 2010 she (move) _________________ to live in Ho Chi Minh City.
I (meet) _________________ my parents in an hour.
I think it (be) _________________ sunny tomorrow.
I am sure he (pass) _________________ the exam.
I (stay) _________________ at home if it rains.
He (send) ________________ the letter when he goes to the post office.
VIII/ The present simple or the present continuous tense: 
My father (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
His sister (study) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
The students (look) ___________ up that new word now.
Mary (go) __________ to school every day.
They (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
Ms Eden (read) ___________ a newspaper now.
It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now.
Bad students never (study) __________ hard.
He generally (sing) ________ in English, but today he (sing) ________ in Spanish.
We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.
She sometimes (buy) ___________vegetables at his market.
We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully.
Look! A man (run) ________ after the train. He (want) _______ to catch it.
It (be) __________ very cold now.
John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow.
I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks.
Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums.
Mary (love) __________ ice-cream.
My mother (coo