Chuyên đề Reported speech (Câu tường thuật)

REPORTED SPEECH
( Cõu tường thuật))
Lời núi giỏn tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quỏ khứ
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
 Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
I. Tường thuật với cõu kể ( Statements in reported speech)
Statement
Reported speech
S + V + O
 said / to Sb (O) + that + S (đổi ngụi) + V (lựi thỡ)
S + told (O) + that + S(đổi ngụi) + V(lựi thỡ)
 *Note: Cú thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed
EX:	They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
 đ They said they would return to Paris the month after.
 He said, : “ I like cartoons”
 đ He said he liked cartoons.
Những quy tắc biến đổi từ cõu trực tiếp sang cõu giỏn tiếp
Rule (QuyTắc)
Direct speech (Trực tiếp)
Reported speech (Giỏn tiếp)
1. Subject
/Object
(Chủ từ, tỳc từ)
I 
She / he 
Me
Her / him
My
Her / his
We 
They
Our
Their
Us
Them
You
→ tương ứng với tỳc từ của mệnh đề chớnh
He, she, it, him, her, they, them
→ khụng đổi
2. Verbs
(Động từ)
Present simple ( Hiện tại đơn)
S + am / is / are 
V1/Vs/es
S + don’t / doesn’t + V1
Past simple (Quỏ khứ đơn)
→ S + was/ were
→ S +V2 /Ved
→ S + didn’t + V1
Present progressive ( HT tiếp diễn)
 S + is/am/are+Ving
Past progressive ( QK tiếp diễn)
→ S + was/were+Ving
Present perfect ( HT hoàn thành)
S + have / has+V3/ed
Past perfect (QK hoàn thành)
 → S + had+V3/ed
Past simple (Quỏ khứ đơn)
S + was / were ...
S + V2 /Ved
S + didn’t + V1
Past perfect (QK hoàn thành)
→ S + had been .....
→ S +had +V3/ Ved
→ S +had’tn +V3/ Ved
Past progressive ( QK tiếp diễn)
 S + was/were +Ving
Past perfect progressive
 → S + had +been +Ving
Past perfect
Past perfect
Future simple (will +V1)
Future in the past (would +V1)
Near future (is/am/are +going to +V1)
→Was/were +going to +V1
3. Modal verbs
Will
Can
May
Must
Would
Could
Might
Must/Had to
4. Adverb
of place
This
That
These
Those
Here
There
5. Adverb
of time
Now
Then
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday
Two days before
Tomorrow
The following day / the next day / the day after
The day after tomorrow
Two days after/ in two days’ time
Ago
Before
This week
That week
Last week
The week before/ the previous week
Last night
The night before/ the previous night
Next week
The following week / the week after/ the next week
EXERCISE 1:Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”
à 
They said, “We are learning English now”
à 
 “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.
à 
 “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” she said
à 
5. “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said
à 
6. “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
à 
7. “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.
à 
8. “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students
à 
9. “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.
à 
10. “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
à 
EXERCISE 2:
He said to her, “You are my friend.”
à 
Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
à 
“We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children.
à 
Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.
à 
John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.
à 
Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.
à 
 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.
à 
8. “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.
à 
EXERCISE 3:
1. He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
à 
2. She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
à 
3. He said, “I have a toothache.”
à 
4. She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
à 
5. They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
à 
6. He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
à 
7. She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
à 
8. He said, “I have received the envelope.”
à 
9. They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”
à 
10. She said, “I feel very sick.”
à 
11. He said, “I bought some popcorn.”
à 
12. They said, “We’re flying to California.”
à 
13. He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.”
à 
EXERCISE 4:
Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”
................................. 
“My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said.
....................
“Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said.
...........................
She said, “I often listen to music at night.”
...........................................................
Lan’s mother said, “My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”
.....................
They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”
.....................................................
Lan said, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”
............................................................
They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”
......................................
Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
He said, “ My son will be here soon”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
They said, “ We have never been defeated”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
She told me, “ I am going to the party with my mother”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
They said, “ We have plenty of time to do our work”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
They declared, “ We shall continue to fight till the final victory”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
He told them at once, “ The train has gone, you are too late”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 5:
1. He said, “ This is the book you have been looking for”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
2. She said, “ You can come with us if you like”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
3. The old man said, “ I will take you to my house right now”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
4. He was still declaring, “ You are the man who did it”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
5. The man said announced, “ The hero is coming”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
6. She said, “ I wrote to my sister only last week”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The man declared, “ I shall be doing exactly the same work next Monday as I am doing today”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The foreigner told him, “ I am French but I have learnt English at school”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The boy said, “ I have to go to the dentist tomorrow”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
We were informed, “ The car is ready, we shall have to get back before the clock strikes four”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The librarian said, “ This book was lent to him weeks ago and he has only just returned it”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The girl said, “ I was born in 1954 and I have been living in this small town since”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
They said, “ We have stayed here for a month, we shall go home next week”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
He repeated day after day, “ This climate does not suit my health, I must go away as soon as I can”.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 6:
He said to her : “ You are my friend. ”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
John said to his mother, “ I don’t know how to do this exercise. ”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
Paul said, “ I must go home now. ”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
John said, “ I have finished studying my lesson. ”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
“ We are having a wonderful time here, ” the tourists said.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
“ My teacher wants to have a talk with you tomorrow morning, ” Tom said.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
 “ I am visiting the museum tomorrow, ” said Tom.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
He said to me, “ I have something to show to you. ”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
“ We’ll wait until he comes back, ” they said.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
He said to me, “ You can keep this one if you like. ”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
Paulo said , “I want to buy a gift for my father .”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
“The store isn’t going to open on New Year’s Day” The man informed us.
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
She said, “I spent a summer here in this village.”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The students said, “We’ll be sitting for our exams next Monday” .
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The nurse said , “The patient in this room did not obey your orders ,Doctor.”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
“The house will seem so empty without you and Tim” Mr. Brown said to Susan
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
“If she knew the truth, she would be happy.” David told me .
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
The manager said, “John! You must finish the work by 5 o’clock”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
Our teacher said: “ The Second World War broke out in 1939.”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
Mother said, “I think it won’t rain tomorrow.”
đ ...............................................................................................................................................
II. Cõu mệnh lệnh, cõu yờu cầu, cõu đề nghị, lời khuyờn.trong lời núi giỏn tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers, advice in indirect speech)
Order 
Reported speech
V + O
 Asked/told 
S + Offered/recommended + Object + To-infinitive
 .......................
*Note: Cú thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded
DON’T + V
 Asked/told 
S + Offered/recommended + Object + NOT + To-infinitive
 .......................
	Ex: 
 Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
 đ Mother told him to open the window.
 He said to his brother: “don’t touch the machine”.
 đ He told his brother not to touch the machine.
III. Cõu hỏi trong lời núi giỏn tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
 1. Yes/No questions
Questions
Reported speech
Is/ Are + S +.?
-----------------------------------
Was / were + S + ....?
------------------------------------ Do / Does + S + V1.?
S + asked + (O) + If/whether +
S + was / were ............
---------------------------------------
S + had been + ............
---------------------------------------
S + V2 / VED 
Did + S + V1.?
S + had + V3 / VED
Can/ Could + S + V1.?
S + could + V1.
Will + S + V1.?
S + would + V1
Shall + S + V1.?
S + should + V1..
May/ Might + S + V1 ?
-------------------------------------
Have / Has + S + V3 / VED ?
S + might + V1
---------------------------------------
S + had + V3 / VED
 2. Wh – questions
 WH + Trợ đt + S + V + O?
S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S (đổi ngụi) + V (lựi thỡ)
*Note: Cú thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know
* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ khụng biến đổi
1. Lời núi trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiờn, một chõn lớ hay một thúi quen ở hiện tại
EX: 	 1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
2. Lời núi trực tiếp cú cỏc động từ tỡnh thỏi như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX:	My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
	- My friend said that I had better contact with her.
3. Lời núi trực tiếp là cõu điều kiện loại II hoặc cõu điều kiện loại II.
	He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
	- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait.
4. Thời quỏ khứ đơn hoặc quỏ khứ tiếp diễn cú thời gian cỏc định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
	1. She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”
	- She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
	2. He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”
	- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.
EXERCISE 5: Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
 ..
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
 ..
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
 ..
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
 ..
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
 ..
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
 ..
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
..
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
..
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window”.
..
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed”.
..
11. The teacher said: “I am a teacher”.
 ..
12. She said to me “I have a big house”
 ..
13. She said to me : “I am going to the party”.
 ..
14. She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
 ..
15. She said: “I have finished my work.”
 ..
16. Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
 ..
17. Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
 ..
18. He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
 ..
19. She said: “I knew your difficulties.”
 ..
20. He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
 ..
21. He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
 ..
22. My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
 ..
23. I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
 ..
24. He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
 ..
25. Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
 ..
26. She said: “She had a wonderful evening.”
 ..
27. The teacher told us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
 ..
28. My mother said that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
 ..
29. I said to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
 ..
30. Mai‘s parents said that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.”
..
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