Chuyên đề ôn thi THPT Quốc gia năm môn Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề I: Phonetics - Chuyên đề về ngữ âm - Năm học 2016-2017

CHUYấN ĐỀ I – PHONETICS - CHUYấN ĐỀ VỀ NGỮ ÂM
BÀI 1. PHONETIC SYMBOLS - BẢNG PHIấN ÂM QUỐC TẾ
1. The symbols vowel sounds (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc nguyờn õm):
1.1. The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc nguyờn õm đơn):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ І /
or
/ i /
a
village /’vilidʒ/
package /’pổkidʒ/
assemblage /ә’semblidʒ/
e
pretty /’priti/
represent
deliver /di’livә(r)/
i
sit /sit/
little /’litl/
simple /’simpl/
y
happy /’hổpi/
easy /’i:zi/
usually /’ju:ʊli/
/ i: /
ea
lead /li:d/
seaside /’si:said/
meaningful /’mi:niŋfʊl/
ee
meet /mi:t/
sheep /ʃi:p/
steel /sti:l/
/ e /
a
many /’meni/
any/eni/
manifold /’menifәʊld/
e
send /send/
recommend
comprehend /kәmpri’hend/
ea
head /hed/
spread /spred/
headache /‘hedeik/
/ ổ /
a
land /lổnd/
brandy /’brổndi/
sandy /’sổndi/
/ ɔ /
o
pot /pɔt /
spot /spɔt /
slot /slɔt /
a
wash /wɔʃ /
what /wɔt /
watch /wɔtʃ/
/ ɔ: /
a
talk /tɔ:k/
walk /wɔ:k/
water /’wɔ:tә(r)/
aw
saw /sɔ:/
lawn /lɔ:n/
pawn /pɔ:n/
oa
broad /brɔ:d/
broaden/’brɔ:dn/
abroad /ә’brɔ:d/
oo
door /dɔ:(r)/
floor /flɔ:(r)/
floorage /’flɔ:ridʒ/
or
fork /fɔ:k/
sport /spɔ:t/
transport /’trổnspɔ:t/
ou
fought /fɔ:t/
thought /θɔ:t/
bought /bɔ:t/
/ L /
o
some /sLm/
come /kLm/
done /dLn/
u
shut /ʃLt/
muddy /’mLdi/
budget /’bLdʒit/
oo
blood /blLd/
flood /flLd/
bloodless /blLdlis/
ou
tough /tLf/
enough /i’nLf/
rough /rLf/
/ ɑ: /
a
task /ta:sk/
fast /fa:stk/
broadcast /br ɔ:d’ka:st/
ar
card /ka:d/
retard /ri’ta:d/
farther /’fa:dәr/
ear
heart /ha:t/
hearten /’ha:tәn/
hearth /ha:θ/
/ ʊ /
or
/ u /
u
pull /pʊl/
push /pʊʃ/
pullet /’pʊlet/
oo
good /gʊd/
cook /kʊk/
look /lʊk/
ou
could /kʊld/
would /wʊld/
should /ʃʊld/
/ u: /
u
frugal /’fru:gәl/
conclude /kɔn’klu:d/
illusion /i’lu:ʃn/
oe
shoe /ʃu: /
shoebill /’ʃu:bil/
shoemaker /’ʃu:meikәr/
oo
moon /mu:n/
spoon /spu:n/
smooth /smu:θ/
ui
fruit /fru:t/
cruise /kru:s/
recruit /ri’kru:t/
/ ә /
a
await /ә’weit/
about /ә’baut/
machine /mә’ʃi:n/
o
tonight /tә’nait/
potato /pә’teitәu/
tomorrow /tә’mɔrәʊ/
er
reader /’ri:dәr/
writer /’raitәr/
cruiser /’kru:sәr/
or
actor /’ổktәr/
doctor /’dɔktәr/
translator /’trổnsleitәr/
/ з: /
er
prefer /pri’fз: r/
merchant /’mз:tʃәnt/
merciful /’mз:sifʊl/
ir
shirt /ʃз:t/
skirt /skз:t/
first /fз:st/
ur
hurt /hз:t/
further /’ʃз:dә/
furnish /’ʃз:niʃ/
or
word /wз:d/
work /wз:k/
worm /wз:m/
ear
heard /hз:d/
earth /з:θ/
earthen /’з:θәn/
1. 2. The diphthongs and triphthongs (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc nguyờn đụi, ba):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ ei /
a
case /keis/
baby /beibi/
lazy /leizi/
ai
maid /meid/
maiden /’meidn/
maidenly /’meidnli/
ay
say /sei/
clay /klei/
play /plei/
ei
eight
eighthly /’eiθli/
eiranic /ei’rổnik/
/ ai /
i
kite /kait/
night /nait/
mine /main/
y
sky /skai/
fly /flai/
satisfy /’sổtisfai/
/ ɔi /
oi
soil /sɔil/
coin /kɔin/
spoil /spɔil/
oy
employ /im’plɔi/
enjoy /ii’dʒɔi/
employment /im’plɔimnt/
/ aʊ /
ou
mouse /maʊs/
mouth /maʊθ/
surround /sз:’raʊnd/
ow
now /naʊ/
power /’paʊ әr/
cowboy /’kaʊ bɔi/
/ әʊ /
o
cold /kәʊld/
scold /skәʊld/
fold /fәʊld/
ow
slow /slәʊ/
flow /flәʊ/
show /ʃәʊ/
ew
sew /sәʊ/
sewing /sәʊiŋ/
sewn /sәʊn/
/ iә /
ear
hear /hiә(r)/
fear /fiә(r)/
near /niә(r)/
ere
here /hiә(r)/
merely /’miәli/
atmosphere /’ổtmɔsfiә(r)/
/ eә /
ere
there /deә(r)/
therapy /’θeәrәpi/
thereabout /’deәrәbaʊt/
are
fare /feә(r)/
share /ʃeә(r)/
stare /steә(r)/
air
hair /heә(r)/
fair /feә(r)/
stairs /steә(r)s/
/ ʊә /
our
tour /tʊә(r)/
tourer /tʊәrә/
tourism /’tʊәrizm/
/ aiә /
ire
tire /taiә/
fire /faiә/
firemen /’faiәmen/
yre
tyre /taiә/
tyreles /’taiәlis/
tyre-pump /’taiә pLmp/
yer
buyer /baiә/
flyer /flaiә/
buyer /baiә/
/ әʊә /
ower
slower /slәʊә/
slower /slәʊә/
slower /slәʊә/
/ aʊә /
ower
shower /ʃaʊә/
power /paʊә/
flower /flaʊә/
our
flour /flaʊә/
sour /saʊә/
flour /flaʊә/
/ eiә /
ayer
prayer /preiә/
player /pleiә/
sprayer /spreiә/
eyer
greyer /greiә/
greyer /greiә/
greyer /greiә/
/ ɔiә /
oyer
enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/
enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/
employer /im’plɔiә/
oyal
loyal
loyalty /’lɔiәlti/
loyal /’lɔiәl/
2. The symbols of the consonant sounds (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc phụ õm):
2.1. The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc phụ õm vụ thanh):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ p /
p
pen /pen/
paint /peint/
people /’pi:pәl/
/ f /
f
five /faiv/
formal /’fɔ:mәl/
family /’fổmili/
ph
physics /’fiziks/
physician /fi’ziʃn/
physical /fi’zikәl/
gh
laugh /la:f/
enough /i’nLf/
rough /rLf/
/ q /
th
throw /θrәʊ/
thunder /’θLndә(r)/
sixth /siksθ/
/ t /
t
teach /ti:tʃ/
temple /’tempәl/
tittle /’taitәl/
ed
looked /lʊkt/
laughed /la:ft/
stopped /stɔpt/
/ s /
s
site /sait/
sandy /’sổndi/
sample /’sổmpәl/
c
centre /’sentә/
century /’sentʃʊri/
cell /sel/
/ ʃ /
sh
sheep /ʃi:p/
sheet /ʃi:t/
English /’iŋliʃ/
ch
machine
chaise /ʃeiz/
champagne /ʃổm’pein/
s
sugar /’ʃʊgә/
sugary /’ʃʊgәri/
sure /’ʃʊә(r)/
/ t∫ /
ch
choice /tʃɔis/
church /tʃз:tʃ/
chimney /’tʃimni/
t
fixture /'fikst∫ә/
future / 'fju:t∫ә/
question / 'kwest∫n/
/ k /
k
kitchen
kiss /kis/
king /kiŋ/
c
concert /kɔn’sз:t/
cancel /’kổnsәl/
comedy /’kLmedi/
ch
chemist /’kemist/
chemistry /’kemistri/
chemical /’kemikәl/
q
quite /kwait/
question / 'kwest∫n/
conquest /’kɔŋkwest/
/ h /
h
hike /haik/
hunger /’hLŋgә(r)/
homeless /’hәʊmlis/
wh
whoop /hu:p/
whose /hu:z/
wholesale /’hɔʊlseil/
2.2. The symbols of voiced consonants (Kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc phụ õm hữu thanh):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ b /
b
boy /bɔi/
bamboo /bổm’bu:/
band /bổnd/
/ v /
v
visit /vizit/
van /vổn/
victory /vlktәri/
f
of /әv/
of /әv/
of /әv/
/ d /
th
them /dәm/
with /wid/
though /dәʊ/
/ d /
d
done /dLn/
doctor /’dɔktә(r)/
dancer /dổnsә(r)/
ed
lived /livd/
earned /з:nd/
cancelled /’kổnsәld/
/ z /
z
zebra /zi:brә/
zip /zip/
zealot /’zelәt/
s
visit /’vizit/
visual /’vizjʊәl/
teachers /ti:tʃәz/
/ ʒ /
s
vision /’viʒn/
usual /’jʊʒʊәl/
usually /’jʊʒʊәli/
/ dʒ /
g
germ /dʒз:m/
gene /dʒi:n/
age /eidʒ/
j
jam /dʒổm/
jam /dʒổz/
joyful /dʒɔifʊl/
/ g /
g
gift /gift/
gain /gein/
girl /gз:l/
/ l /
l
little /’litәl/
lamp /lổmp/
light /lait/
 / m /
m
monk /mɔŋk/
mammal /’mổmәl/
Monday /’mLndei/
/ n /
n
name /neim/
number /nLmbә/
noise /nɔis/
/ ŋ /
n
think /θiŋk/
thank /θổŋk/
sink /siŋk/
ng
sing /siŋ/
thing /θiŋ/
ceiling /’si:liŋ/
/ r /
r
rural /’rʊәrәl/
ring /riŋ/
reader /’ri:dә/
/ w /
w
with /wid/
wine /wain/
wing /wiŋ/
wh
when
whistle /’wisәl/
whisper /’wispә/
/ j /
y
young /jLŋ/
yearly /’jiәli/
youth /ju:θ/
u
music /’mju:sik/
unit /’ju:nit/
university /ju:ni’v з:siti/
/ ф /
mute
cases
h
honest /’ɔ:nist/
hour /aʊә/
heir /aiә/
k
knight /nait/
knit /nit/
known /nɔʊn/
b
comb /kɔʊm/
climb /klaim/
debt /det/
p
pneumonia
/njʊ’mɔ:niә/
psychology
/sai’kɔ:lɔdʒi/
psychiatrist
/sai’kiәtrist/
BÀI 2. EXERCISES ON PHONETIC SYMBOLS 
BÀI TẬP NHẬN BIẾT ÂM
Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.
A. candy
B. sandy 
C. many
D. handy
A. earning
B. learning
C. searching
D. clearing
A. pays
B. stays
C. says
D. plays
A. given
B. risen
C. ridden
D. whiten
A. cough
B. tough
C. rough
D. enough
A. accident
B. jazz
C. stamp
D. watch
A. this
B. thick
C. maths
D. thin
A. gas
B. gain
C. germ
D. good
A. bought
B. naught
C. plough
D. thought
A. forks
B. tables
C. beds
D. windows
A. handed
B. booked
C. translated
D. visited
A. car
B. coach
C. century
D. cooperate
A. within
B. without
C. clothing
D. strengthen
A. has
B. bag
C. dad
D. made
A. kites
B. catches
C. oranges
D. buzzes
A. student
B. stupid
C. study
D. studio
A. wealth
B. cloth
C. with
D. marathon
A. brilliant
B. trip
C. tripe
D. tip
A. surgeon
B. agent
C. engine
D. regard
A. feather
B. leather
C. feature
D. measure
Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.
A. geology
B. psychology
C. classify
D. photography
A. idiom
B. ideal
C. item
D. identical
A. children
B. child
C. mild
D. wild
A. both
B. myth
C. with
D. sixth
A. helped
B. booked
C. hoped
D. waited
A. name
B. natural
C. native
D. nation
A. blood
B. food
C. moon
D. pool
A. comb
B. plumb
C. climb
D. disturb
A. thick
B. though
C. thank
D. think
A. flour
B. hour
C. pour
D. sour
A. dictation
B. repetition
C. station
D. question
A. dew
B. knew
C. sew
D. few
A. asked
B. helped
C. kissed
D. played
A. smells
B. cuts
C. opens
D. plays
A. decided
B. hatred
C. sacred
D. warned
A. head
B. break
C. bread
D. breath
A. blood
B. tool
C. moon
D. spool
A. height
B. fine
C. tidy
D. cliff
A. through
B. them
C. threaten
D. thunder
A. fought
B. country
C. bought
D. ought