Chuyên đề ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh: Conditional sentences and wishes

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES
I. Nội dung IF
1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN )
Loại
If – clause
Main clause
ΠFuture Possible
Present: S + V(s/es)
Future: S + Will + V(bare)
 Unreal Condition
Past simple: S + Ved/2
Would + V(bare)
Ž Past Unreal
Past perfect: S + Had + Ved/3
Would have + Ved/3
2. IF CLAUSE ..đ UNLESS
cả 2 mệnh đề chỉ cú 1 not thỡ bỏ if v not. Cả 2 mệnh đề đều cú not thỡ bỏ not trong mđ if. 
Cả 2 mệnh đề đều khụng cú not thỡ ta thm vo mệnh đề chớnh.
ex : 1. If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam .	 
 đ Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam . 
 If she hadn’t told me, I would not have known that news. 
 đ Unless she had told me, I would not have known that news
 3. If I have time , I will help you .
 đ Unless I have time , I will not help you . 
 4. If we had more rain , our crops would grow faster .
 đ Unless we had more rain ,our crops would not grow faster .
 3. CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TèNH HUỐNG
T. HUỐNG CHO: 1.Cú từ “OR” : viết đk loại 1
 2. H.tại : loại 2
 	 3.Q. khứ : loại 3
 4.Cú từ “SO”: viết xuụi S + V SO S + V
 ố IF + S + V , S + V
 5.Cú từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược
	 S + V because S + V
 ố IF + S + V , S + V
 6. Phủ định viết khẳng định & ngược lại
Examples: 	 1. I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor.
 ốIf I were clever, I would be a doctor.
 2. John was sick because he ate much cake.
 ốIf John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick.
4. TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC
4.1.
 S + can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to +V1
 IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1 ( Đk 1)
 Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week.
 ố If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it.
4.2. 
 V 1 or S + will /can +V1 
ố S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1 
Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail the exam.
 ố You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.
II. Nội dung WISHES
1. CLAUSE AFTER Wish , If Only ( MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH và IF ONLY )
 Sau Wish và If Only ta dựng Mệnh đề chỉ điều ƯỚC MONG , ƯỚC MUỐN khụng thật . Cú 3 loại mệnh đề sau Wish và IF Only . 
I / Future wish ( Ao ước ở tương lai )
S + WISH (that) + S + would / could + Vo
 were + V-ing
+ I wish I would be an astronaut in the future .
(hoặc If only I would be an astronaut in the future . )
+ Tom wishes he were coming with us .
II / Present wish ( Ao ước ở hiện tại )
S + WISH + (that) S + simple past tense ...
 (V2 / were; didn’t+ V1 / weren’t ) 
 V2 / ed ; were
+ I wish I were not poor . ( I am poor now . )
+ We wish we didn’t have to go to class today 
+ I wish Ben were here . ( Ben is not here . )
 Hoặc If only Ben were here . 
III / Past wish ( Ao ước ở quỏ khứ )
S WISH +(that) S +would / could + have + V3 / ed
 had + V3 / ed
+ I wish I had not failed my exam last year .
+ She wishes she could have been there .
* Note : 
- Ta cú thể dựng IF ONLY thay cho S + wish ( IF ONLY = S + wish ) 
- Khi sự kiện cú CAN / WILL thỡ ta sẽ dựng COULD , WOULD trong cõu ước muốn 
- Nếu khụng cú CAN / WILL ta sẽ dựng V2 / Ed ; Were hoặc Had + V3 / Ed
2. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU VỚI WISH)
 S+ be sorry
 What a pity + ( that) S + V
 It is a pity
 S + regret + Ving / S + V
 S + do / does not like + Ving / to v1
ố S + wish + ( that ) + S + Vì
ìNote: 
Thờm S ( nếu thiếu)
Kđịnh ² Pđịnh ( và ngược lại)
Htại ² Qkhứ; 
Qkhứ ² Qkhứ hoàn thành
 Ex: I’m sorry that I didn’t come yesterday.
 ² I wish ( that) I had come yesterday.
 Ex: Mr. Taylor doesn’t like living in a small house.
 ² Mr. Taylor wishes he didn’t live in a small house
 S + would like / would love + to V1 / to have + V3ed 
 à S+ wish + ( that) S + V2 / S + had + V3ed
Ex: I’d like to have met her. ² I wish I had met her.
1. If he ________ for the revision session, he might have no difficulty doing the test right now.
 A. had come 	B. came	C. was to come	D. had to come
2. If I saw a tiger walking past me, I _________ a tree.
 A. climb	B. will climb	C. would climb	D. had to climb
3. She is too weak; she can't sit up and talk to you.
	A. If she weren't too weak, she could sit up and talk to you.
	B. If she hadn't been too weak, she could sit up and talk to you.
	C. If she isn't too weak, she can sit up and talk to you.
	D. If she wasn't too weak, she can sit up and talk to you.
4. If she ____________ yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night.
A. finished it	B. finishes it	C. had finished it	D. has finished it
5. _______ you _______ disappointed if there _______ no snow for this winter holiday?
A. Would _______ be / was	B. Will _______ be / is
C. Will _______ be / are	D. Could _______ be / is
6. If I ____________ for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post office.
A. wasn't working 	 B. worked 
C. hadn't worked	 	D. weren't working
7. What would you have done if you ____________ a lot of money?
A. had	B. will	C. had had	D. have had
8. If we had known that you were there, we ____________ you a letter.
A. would write	B. would have write
C. would have written	D. had written
9. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we ____________ here.
A. wouldn't stop	B. wouldn't have stopped
C. would have stopped	D. would stop
10. “Did he study yesterday?” “No, but if he ____________ , he would have done better on today’s test.”
A. had	B. has	C. will study	D. had done
11. My sister ____________ you the technique of weaving if you ask her.
A. would show 	B. shows	C. will show	D. showed
12. She would be happy if we ____________ her a bunch of flowers.
A. had sent	B. sent	C. would send	D. send
13. If you don’t feel well, you ____________ take a rest.
A. are	B. will	C. had	D. have
14. ____________ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
 	A. If I know 	B. If I would know C. Did I know 	D. Had I known
15. The movie was sad and she wept. If it ____________ sad, she ____________
A. hadn’t been/ wouldn’t have wept 	B. wasn’t/ wouldn’t weep
C. wasn’t/ would weep	D. had been/ would have wept
16. I’ll be very disappointed if you ____________ the exam.
A. don’t pass	B. won’t pass	C. aren’t passing	D. wouldn’t pass
17. If he ____________ harder, the results would be better.
A. has worked	 B. works	C. will work	D. worked
18. If I had had free time, I ____________ shopping.
A. would have gone B. can go C. will go	D. will have gone
19. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I ____________to bed now.
A. go	B. went	C. had gone	D. would go
20. I would send her a fax if I _______ her number.
	A. know 	B. knew 	C. had known 	D. could know
21. ____________ about your difficult situation, I would have helped you.
	A. Had I known	B. If I knew 	C. If I know 	D. Were I 
22. If it ____________ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of coffee.
	A. hadn’t been	B. isn’t 	C. weren’t 	D. may not be
23. I wonder if he ____________. If he ___________, please let me know as soon as possible.
	A. will come, arrives	B. comes, arrives
C. comes, will arrive	D. will come, will arrive
24. If I ___________ cross a desert, I’d probably find a camel and a guide.
A. am to	B. have to	C. would	D. had to
25. ____________ the weather would be fine! It's been raining all day!
A. Even though 	 B. If 	C. Unless 	 	D. If only
26. If it doesn’t rain tonight, we would go to the Cafộ.
 A B C D
27. If the weather was fine, we would surely go out.
 A B C D
28. He would be happy if he is here now.
 A B C D 
29. What would you have do if you were in my position?
A B C D
30. If he had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
 A B C D 
31. They didn't arrive in time. They didn't see the ceremony.
	A. If they arrive in time, they will see the ceremony.
	B. If they arrived in time, they would see the ceremony.
	C. If they hadn't arrived in time, they would have seen ceremony.
	D. If they had arrived in time, they would have seen ceremony.
32. She was tired, so she didn’t enjoy the party.
	A. If she were tired, she wouldn’t enjoy the party. 
	B. If she weren’t tired, she would enjoy the party. 
	C. If she had been tired, she wouldn’t have enjoyed the party 
	D. If she hadn’t been tired, she would have enjoyed the party 
33. Mary can’t do the test because it is difficult 
	A. If the test isn’t difficult, Mary can do it
	B. Mary could do it because the test is difficult 
	C. If the test were difficult, Mary couldn’t do it. 
	D. Mary could do the test if it weren’t difficult. 
34. Because the street was crowded with people, I couldn’t drive fast.
	A. If the street weren’t crowded with people, I could drive fast. 
	B. If the street hadn’t been crowded with people, I could have driven fast. 
	C. If the street were crowded with people, I couldn’t drive fast. 
	D. If the street had been crowded with people, I couldn’t have driven fast. 
35. Nam was ill, so he didn’t go to school. 
	A. If he had been ill, he would have gone to school.
	B. If he hadn’t been ill, he wouldn’t have gone to school.
	C. If he hadn’t been ill, he would have gone to school.
	D. If he weren’t ill, he would go to school.
36. Because the weather was bad, we didn’t go camping. 
	A. If the weather wasn’t bad, we would go camping.
	B. If the weather weren’t bad, we would go camping.
	C. If the weather is good, we will go camping.
	D. If the weather hadn’t been bad, we would have gone camping.
37. He was driving very fast because he didn’t know the road was icy.
	A. If he had known that the road had been icy, he wouldn’t have been driving so fast.
	B. If he had known that the road was icy, he wouldn’t be driving so fast.
	C. If he knew that the road was icy, he wouldn’t have driven so fast.
	D. If he had known that the road was icy, he wouldn’t have been driving so fast.
38. I can’t understand him because he speaks so quickly. 
	A. If he had spoken slowly, I could have understood him.
	B. If he speaks slowly, I cannot understand him.
	C. If he spoke so quickly, I could understand him.
 	D. If he spoke so slowly, I could understand him.
39. You / catch cold / unless / keep / your feet/ dry.
	A. Unless you keep your feet dry, you will catch cold. 
	B. Unless you don’t keep your feet dry, you will catch cold.
	C. Unless you keep your feet dry, you would catch cold. 
	D. Unless you kept your feet dry, you will catch cold.
40. I won’t eat any more cakes because I’m full.
	A. If I were hungry, I would eat any more cakes. 
	B. If I am full, I will eat some more cakes.
	C. If I was full, I would eat some more cakes. 
D. If I was hungry I would eat some more cakes.
41. You can’t apply for that job because you don’t know English.
	A. If you knew English., you could apply for that job 
	B. If you knew English., you can apply for that job
	C. If you know English., you could apply for that job 
	D. If you had known English., you could have applied for that job
42. 	 you known he was a liar, would you have agreed to support him? 
	A. If 	B. Since 	C. Had 	D. Did 
43. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I 	it. 
	A. would have never believed 	B. don't believe 
	C. hadn't believed 	D. can't believe 
	44. I wish I ___________ more time to study before last exam. 
	A. could have 	B. had 	C. had had 	D. have had 
45. __________	these lessons carefully or you won't understand the information on the test. 
	A. If you read 	B. When you read 
	C. Unless you read 	D. Read 
46. 	these plants regularly or they will die. 
	A. Water 	B. If you water 
	C. Unless you water 	D. Because you water 
47. _____________ , you'll probably get poor marks in the final exam. 
	A. Unless you pay more attention to your work 
	B. If you try to work harder
	C. Because you're making efforts in your studies 
	D. Although your marks on the tests are not very good 
48.___________ 	him the whole truth or he'll get angry with you. 
	A. If you don't tell 	B. Unless you tell 
	C. Don't tell 	D. When you tell
49. If you ____________ breakfast this morning, you ____________ hungry now.
A. had eaten/ wouldn’t have been	B. eat/ won’t be
C. ate/ wouldn’t be	D. had eaten/ wouldn’t be
50. If you____________ as I told you, you____________ in such predicament now.
A. did/ would not be 	B. had done/ had not been
C. do/ would not be 	D. had done / would not be