Chuyên đề luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề 6: Conditional sentences (Câu điều kiện)

GỒM CÓ NHIỀU CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT QUỐC GIA
NẾU AI CÓ NHU CẦU LIÊN HỆ ĐỊA CHỈ MAIL ĐỂ BÁO GIÁ
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Chuyên đề 6: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
 (Câu điều kiện)
A. Lý thuyết
1. Type 1: Present real conditional (điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại)
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
 S + V1(s/es)
 S + will + Vinf.
 should/ may/ might/ can + Vinf.
Ex: If he tries much more, he will improve his English. 
 If I have money, I will buy a new motorbike. 
 Dạng bài tập :	V(inf) + OR + Clause (Simple Future)
	= Unless you + V(inf) , Clause (Simple Future)
	= If you don’t + V(inf) , Clause (Simple Future)
	 Ex: 	Study hard or you will fail the exam.	 
	= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.
	= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.	
	Cut your hair or they won’t let you in.
	= Unless you cut your hair , they won’t let you in.
	= If you don’t cut your hair , they won’t let you in.
 Chú ý: - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
	 - Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định 
	 (Ex: không được viết Unless you don’t write)
 * Command (Mệnh lệnh)
 	 If + S + simple present tense ... + command form of verb + ... 
Ex: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me. 
 - Please call me if you hear anything from Jane. 
2. Type 2: Present unreal conditional (điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
 S + V2/ed (were)
 S + would + Vinf.
 Ex: If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
 If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
 Chú ý: Động từ to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi.
3. Type 3: Past unreal conditional (điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
 S + had + V3/ed
 S + would + have + V3/ed
	Ex: If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident.
	Chú ý: Lược bỏ “if” trong câu điều kiện, chúng ta có cấu trúc sau:
	Type 1: Should you go out, please buy me some stamps.
	 = If you go out, please buy me some stamps.
	Type 2: Were I the president of America, I wouldn’t have war on Irap.
	 = If I were the president of America, I wouldn’t have war on Irap.
	Type 3: Had she studied hard, she would have passed the examination, last year.
	 = If she had studied hard, she would have passed the examination, last year.
	* Mixed conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
	Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là loại câu mà có thời gian ở hai vế (vế câu điều kiện – if clause và vế kết quả - result clause) không cùng thời gian với nhau.
	Ex: - If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
	 (But I didn’t win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now).
	 - If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
	 (But she didn’t sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn’t going to join us tomorrow)
	 - If I were rich, I would have bought that Ford car we saw yesterday.
	 (But I am rich and that is why I didn’t buy Ford car yesterday)
	 - If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
	 (But I am not going to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited)
	* Một số mẫu câu diễn tả câu điều kiện
	- Unless + positive = If.not: trừ phi, nếu không
	Ex: You will be late unless you start at once.
	- But for that + unreal codition: nếu không thì
	 Mệnh đề sau nó phải lùi một thì
	 + Hiện tại: My father pays my fee, but for that I couldn’t be here.
	 + Quá khứ: My car broke down, but for that we would have been here in time.
	- Otherwise + real condition: kẻo, nếu không thì
	Ex: We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out.
	Chú ý: người ta dùng or else để thay thế otherwise.
Provided/ Providing that: với điều kiện là, miễn là (= as long as)
Ex: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.
Suppose/ Supposing = What.if: giả sửthì sao, nếuthì sao
Ex: Suppose the plane is late? = what (will happen) if the plane is late?
As if/ As though
+ Trái với hiện tại: AS IF/ AS THOUGH + S + V2/ed
+ Trái với quá khứ: AS IF/ AS THOUGH + S + HAD + V3/ed
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B. Bài tập
I. Give the right form of the verb in brackets to complete the following sentences.
1. We’ll go to the beach if it (be)fine tomorrow.
2. Had it not been for the goolkeeper, the team (lose)the match.
3. Suppose that I (drop)..in his house last night, I (tell)him the news.
4. If you aren’t going to live in the house, why don’t you sell it? If I (have).a house I couldn’t use I (sell)it at once.
5. He’ll come and help you if he (finish)..his work before 5 p.m.
6. If I see him I (give)..him a lift.
7. They (play).football if it (not rain).tomorrow.
8. The police (arrest)him if they catch him.
9. He must tel the truth, otherwise nobody (believe)..a word he says.
10. Mr. Black will buy a new house if he (have)..enough money.
11. Provided that I have free time, I (come)to visit you.
12. It’s very noisy next door. It sounds as if they (have).a party.
13. That house is shaking. It looks as if it (fall)down.
14. Ann coughs a lot. She sounds as though she (have).a cold.
15. I don’t like Norma.She talks as if she (know)everthing.
16. Providing that you kindly sit down I (make)..enquires for you.
17. Unless you (be)more careful you’ll have an accident.
18. She (not take)...care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (not be)canceled.
19. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday. But he (come).if you (insult)him.
20. Marie (be)happy now if she (not give)up her career when she got married.
II. Rewrite each sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet.
à I woudn’t..
2. I’ll call the phone if you don’t leave me alone!
à Unless..
3. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.
à If..
4. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table.
à If..
5. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.
à If you
6. You press this button to stop the machine.
à If...
7. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuites.
à If...
8. If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed.
à Unless
9. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8:00.
à If you should.
10. I wouldn’t accept if you asked me to marry you!
à If you were
III. Complete the second sentence in each pair, using the word given, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I didn’t know his address in London, so I didn’t visit him.
 visit 	If I had knownhim.
2. If you don’t speak clearly, the audience won’t understand you.
 else 	You have tounderstand you.
3. Angela, you’re not old enough otherwise you would be able to get a motorbike.
 were	Angela,..a motorbike.
4. I wouldn’t mind being transferred to another city if they offered me a higher salary.
 condition	I wouldn’t mindme a higher salary.
5. If he decides to go shopping, there’s a chance that I will go with him.
 might	If he...with him.
6. We can have dinner here unless you want to go to a restaurant.
 want	Ifdinner here.
7. Fortunately, they were wearing seat belts, so nobody was seriously injured.
 not	Ifbeen seriously injured.
8. I’d like to travel all over the world but I don’t have enough money.
 would	Iall over the world if I had enough money.
IV. Rewrite the sentence given, using the word given so that the meaning stays the same.
1. We won’t go away if the weather is bad.
(unless).
2. I didn’t have money so I didn’t buy a new shirt.
(would).
3. If they offered you the job, would you accept?
(were)...
4. If you are in London by any chance, come and see me.
(should)
5. If you have any free time, could you give me a ring?
(happen)..
6. Without you, I would have given up years ago.
(been)..
7. If Pauline hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned.
(but for)...
8. What would you do if you found some buried treasure?
(were)..
9. Dick is in prison now because a detective recognized him.
(if)
10. The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman.
(it hadn’t).
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