Chuyên đề luyện thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề 04: Câu bị động (Passive voice)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 04: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (PASSIVE VOICE)
Định nghĩa: 
- Câu bị động là câu mà trong đó chủ từ không thực hiện hành động mà ngược lại bị tác động lên bởi một yếu tố khác 
- Ví dụ:
+ I eat the cake. 
Tôi ăn cái bánh (câu chủ động : vì chủ từ "tôi" thực hiền hành động "ăn" )
+ The cake is eaten by me.
Cái bánh được ăn bởi tôi (câu bị động : vì chủ từ "cái bánh" không thực hiện hành động"ăn" mà nó bị "tôi' ăn )
Cách dùng: 
 Câu bị động trong tiếng Anh thường được dùng với nghĩa “được” (nếu có lợi) hay “bị” (nếu có hại) với các mục đích sau:
+ Nhấn mạnh vào người chịu tác động hay nhận tác động hơn là người gây ra tác động đó.
Ví dụ: He was rescued yesterday. (Anh ta đã được giải cứu hôm qua)
+ Khi không biết người gây ra tác động đó là ai.
Ví dụ: My book was taken away. (Cuốn sách của tôi đã bị lấy đi)
+ Khi bản thân người nói vì lý do nào đó không nêu ra người gây ra tác động hay hành động đó.
Ví dụ: I was informed about your business trip. (Tôi đã được thông tin về chuyến công tác của anh)
III. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Công thức tổng quát
Active- chủ động:	S	V	O
Passive- bị động:	SO	 be+ PP	 (by OS)
Ví dụ: Atiger kills a deer.	A deer is killed by a tiger.
2.Các thì trong câu bị động
Simple present
S+ V(s/es/ o) + O
So + is/ am/ are + PP + Os
Present continuous
S + is/ am/ are + Ving +O
So + is/ am/ are + being + PP + Os
Simple Past
S+ Vqk/ed + O
So + was/ were + PP + Os
Past continuous
S + was/ were + Ving + O
So + was/ were + being + PP + Os
Present Perfect
S + have/ has + PP + O
So + have/ has + been + PP + Os
Past perfect
S + had + PP + O
So + had + been + PP + Os
Simple future
S + will + Vo + O
So + will be + PP + Os 
Future perfect
S + will have + done + O
So + will have been+ PP + Os 
Near future
S + is/am / are going to +
Vo+ O
So + is/am / are going to be +
PP + Os
Have to
S + have to + Vo + O
So + have to be + PP + Os 
IV.Một số lưu ý
1. Bị /Thụ động cách là cách đặt câu trong đó chủ ngữ đứng vai bị động.
 Ví dụ: 1. English is learnt at school by him.
   2. A hat was bought by her.
Chú ý: Điều kiện để có thể chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động:
 Thứ 1: Câu chủ động phải xác lập có được tân ngữ. (object)
 Thứ 2: Câu chủ động phải có Ngoại động từ. (transitive verbs)
2. Qui tắc Câu bị động.
a. Động từ của câu bị động: To be + Past Participle (PII).
b. Tân ngữ của câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động
c. Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ của giới từ "BY"
Active : Subject - Transitive Verb – Object
Passive : Subject - Be+ Past Participle - BY + Object
Ví dụ: The farmer dinks tea every day. (Active)
 	Tea is drunk by the farmer every day. (Passive)
3. Khi một ngoại động từ ở chủ động có hai tân ngữ, một trực tiếp và một gián tiếp (nhóm tặng biếu), có thể chuyển thành hai câu bị động.
Ví dụ: I gave him an apple./ An apple was given to him or  He was given an apple by me.
4. Một số câu đặc biệt phải dịch là "Người ta" khi dịch sang tiếng Việt.
Ví dụ:  It is said that = people say that ; (Người ta nói rằng)
 It was said that = people said that. (Người ta nói rằng)
 Một số động từ được dùng như trên: believe, say, suggest, expect, ...
5. Ta dùng động từ nguyên thể trong thể bị động:
TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE để chỉ một ý định hay sự bắt buộc hoặc sự không thể được.
Ví dụ: This exercise is to be done.
 This matter is to be discussed soon.
6. Sau những động từ: to have, to order, to get, to bid, to cause hay một động từ chỉ về giác quan hoặc cảm tính, ta dùng Past Participle (Tham khảo phần Bảng động từ bất quy tắc) bao hàm nghĩa như bị động:
Ví dụ: We had your photos taken./  We heard the song sung.
7. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt khác:
Một số động từ đặc biệt: remember; want; try; like, hate ...
 Ví dụ: I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active)
  I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive)
 Ví dụ: She wants her sister to take some photographs.(active)
 She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister. (passive)
 Ví dụ: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (action)
 She likes being told the truth. (passive)
8. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt nguyên mẫu có TO: Suppose; see; make
 Ví dụ: You are supposed to learn English now. (passive)
 = It is your duty to learn English now. (active)
 = You should learn English now. (active)
 Ví dụ: His father makes him learn hard. (active)
   He is made to learn hard. (passive)
 Ví dụ: You should be working now.(active)
  You are supposed to be working now.(passive)
 Ví dụ: People believed that he was waiting for his friend (active).
 He was believed to have been waiting for his friend.(passive)
V. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
	Bài 01: Chuyển câu chủ động thành câu bị động
1)People are killing wild animals for food. 	.................................................... ........
2)The author has written a special edition for children
........................................................................................................................ .......................
3)I have received 20 cards so far.	..................................................................................
4)My farther has just cleaned this motorbike.	................................................... .........
5)I have never eaten that cake before.	............................................................ ...........
6) We have just finished the report.	...............................................
7)She hasn't answered my letter yet.	................................................................
8)Someone has wound the clock.	....................................................
9)A dog has just bitten me.	..............................................
10) They said that she died of cancer. ................................................. .
11)People believed that he can speak English. ................................................. ......
12)Someone thinks that Lan will return tomorrow
.................................................. ............................................................................................
13)Have you ever watched that fỉlm. 	...........................................
14)She hasn't seen that man yet. ...............................................
15)One of the parents is taping the children's song
.................................................. .............
16) Is a student pilot flying that airplane? ................................................. ..
17) No one has talked for me that work .	.................................................... ...
18) Someone has already told him to report to the headmaster tomorrow.
.................................................. .............................................................................................
18)They can think that it will rain tomorrow
........................................
19) People think that Lan is living near here. ................................................. ........
20)they think that she is hiding in the forest. ...............................................
21. They report the news every day . ...
22. Someone is going to write a new constitution
23. They should pay the bills immediately
24. They wrote the book many years ago..
25. They are building a new house here
26. Someone will find new petroleum deposits somewhere.
27. They have just opened the door...
28. Someone is going to wash the car
29. People are speaking English everywhere
30. People have to use tools carefully. ....
Bài 02: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
9. Did Mary this beautiful dress?
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?
18. Are you going to repair those shoes?
19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
21. The waiter brings me this dish.
22. Our friends send these postcards to us.
23. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
24. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
25. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
26. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
27. He lends his friend his new shoes.
28. She left her relatives five million pounds.
29. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
30. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
31. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
32. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
33. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
34. They keep this room tidy all the time.
35. They all voted the party a great success.
36. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
37. They moved the fridge into the living room.
38. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
39. They find the new project worthless.
40. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT
Bài 03: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động.
1. They told me that you were the best architect in this city.
2. She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
3. Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
4. That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5. He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6. They promise that the performance will start on time.
7. He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
8. We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
9. The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
10. They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.
11. They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.
12. People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.
13. They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.
14. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
15. He told me that his football team had played well last season.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO.
Bài 04: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động.
1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3.They have her tell the story again.
4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5.Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
8.He had a mechanic repair his car.
9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
11.Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
12.I must have the dentist check my teeth.
13.She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
14.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
15.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.
Bài 05: Chọn phương án trả lời đúng nhất
1. They gave the job to Amy and Bob.
A) Amy and Bob are given a job.
B) A job was given to Amy and Bob.
C) Amy and Bob was given a job.
D) A job were given to Amy and Bob.
2. They started the work last week.
A) The work was started last week.
B) The work are started last week.
C) The work were started last week.
D) The work is started last week.
3. They finished the kitchen’s building on Saturday.
A) The kitchen’s building was finished on Saturday.
B) The kitchen’s building were finished on Saturday.
C) The kitchen’s building is finished on Saturday.
D) The kitchen’s building are finished on Saturday.
4. Somebody calls the president everyday.
A) The president was called every day.
B) The president are called every day.
C) The president is called every day.
D) The president were called every day.
5. Last Thursday we pointed a new marketing manager.
A) A new marketing manager is pointed last Thursday.
B) A new marketing manager were pointed last Thursday.
C) A new marketing manager are pointed last Thursday.
D) A new marketing manager was pointed last Thursday.
6. William, the conqueror built the castle in the 11th century.
The castle are built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.
The castle were built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.
The castle was built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.
The castle is built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.
7. People believed that somebody murdered Miss. Stone.
A) It is said that Miss. Stone was murdered.
B) It were said that Miss. Stone was murdered.
C) It was believed that Miss. Stone was murdered.
D) People believed that Miss. Stone murdered.
8. We put a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday.
A) A notice about the trip on the notice board put yesterday.
B) A notice about the trip on the notice board was put yesterday.
C) A notice about the trip on the notice board is put yesterday.
D) A notice about the trip on the notice board are put yesterday.
9. People think that an apple a day is good for you.
A) It is thought that an apple a day is good for you.
B) It was thought that an apple a day is good for you.
C) They are thought that an apple a day is good for you.
D) They thought that an apple a day is good for you.
10.The cold weather damaged the plants.
A) The plants were damaged by the cold weather.
B) The plants was damaged by the cold weather.
C) The plants are damaged by the cold weather.
D) The plants is damaged by the cold weather.
11.They were doing the bedroom on Friday.
A) The bedroom were being done on Friday.
B) The bedroom is done on Friday. 
C) The bedroom was being done on Friday
D) The bedroom are done on Friday
12.They’re painting the living 
room now.
A) The living room is painting now.
B) The living room is painted now.
C) The living room is being painting now.
D) The living room is being painted now.
13.Martha was delivering the documents to the department.
A) The documents was being delivered to the department by Martha.
B) The documents was delivered to the department by Martha.
C) The documents was being delivering to the department by Martha.
D) The documents is being delivered to the department by Martha.
14.The mayor is going to open a new airport.
A) A new airport is going to opened by the mayor.
B) A new airport is going to open by the mayor 
C) A new airport is going to be opened by the mayor 
D) A new airport is going to be open by the mayor 
15.If you can’t drive, who is going to drive your car?
A) If you can’t drive, who is going to be driven your car?
B) If you can’t drive, by whom is your car going to be driven?
C) If you can’t drive, whom is your car going to be driven?
D) If you can’t drive, who your car is going to drive?
16.The police are interviewing all the witnesses.
A) All the witnesses are interviewing the police.
B) All the witnesses are being interviewed by the police.
C) All the witnesses is interviewed the police.
D) All the witnesses were being interviewed by the police.
17.We’re going to give David a big surprise.
A) A big surprise is going to give David
B) A big surprise is going to be given toDavid
C) David is going to give a big surprise
D) David is going to be given to a big surprise
18.They have painted the walls green.
A) The walls has painted green.
B) The green has been painted walls
C) The walls have been painted green
D) The walls have painted to green
19.They will finish the work next week.
A) The work will be finish next week.
B) The work will be finishing next week.
C) The work will finish next week.
D) The work will be finished next week.
20. The delegates(đoàn đại biểu) had received the information before the recess (thời  gian nghỉ giữa buổi).
 A) The information had received the delegates before the recess.
B) The information had been received before the recess the delegates.
C) The information had been received before the recess by the delegates.
D) The information had received before the recess the delegates.
21.The teacher should buy the supplies for this class.
A) The supplies should buy the teacher for this class
B) The supplies should buy this class for the teacher 
C) The supplies should be bought for this class by the teacher 
D) The supplies should be bought for the teacher by this class
22.Somebody will call Mr. Watson tonight.
A) Mr. Watson will call somebody tonight.
B) Mr. Watson will be call tonight.
C) Mr. Watson tonight will call somebody.
D) Mr. Watson will be called tonight.
23.The fire has caused a considerable damage.
A) A considerable damage been has caused the fire.
B) A considerable damage has caused the fire.
C) A considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
D) A considerable damage has caused by the fire.
24.John will have received the papers by tomorrow.
A) The papers will have been received by tomorrow by John.
B) The papers will have received John by tomorrow.
C) The papers will have been received John by tomorrow.
D) The papers will have received tomorrow by John.
25.They haven’t decided anything yet
A) Nothing has been decided yet.
B) Anything haven’t been decided yet.
C) Nothing has decided yet.
D) Anything have decided yet.
26.Your hair is long. You ought to get it cut.
A) Your long hair needs cutting.
B) You ought to have your long hair cut.
C) Your long hair should be cut.
D) All are correct.
27.The medical profession borrowed the technology from the other fields.
A) The technology borrowed the medical profession from the other fields.
B) The technology was borrowed from the other fields by the medical profession.
C) The technology were borrowed from the other fields the medical profession.
D) The technology from the other fields borrowed by the medical profession.
28.The surgeons arranged for the installation of a TV screen in the operating theatre.
A) The installation of a TV screen in the operating theatre arranged the surgeons.
B) The installation of a TV screen in the operating theatre arranged by the surgeons.
C) The installation of a TV screen in the operating theatre were arranged by thesurgeons.
D) The installation of a TV screen in the operating theatre was arranged by thesurgeons.
29.They first drew up emergency plans, later abandoned to build new cities.
A)Emergency plans was first drown up and later abandoned to build new cities.
B) Emergency plans were first drown up and later abandoned to build new cities.
C) Emergency plans are first drown up and later abandoned to build new cities.
D) Emergency plans is first drown up and later abandoned to build new cities.
30.They had to make plans for extra places in schools in the 1990s.
A) Extra places in schools had to be made plans in the 1990s.
B) Extra places in schools in the 1990s had to make plans
C) Extra places in schools were had to make plans in the 1990s
D) Extra places in the 1990s in schools had to make plans