Chuyên đề Gerund-To inf-Bare inf - Nguyễn Văn Hà

Gerund-To inf-Bare inf
A.Gerund :Được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
1.Chủ ngử: (Subjects).
Ex:The building of the house will take at least six months. / Swimming is my favorite sports.
2.Bổ ngử : (Complements).
“The gerund” là bổ ngử thường được sử dụng sau các động từ be ,mean,look.
Ex:My hobby is rearing chikens / I can’t ask him for help .That would mean telling him everything about you and myself .
3.Tân ngữ: (Objects).
a. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau các động từ như :
amit(công nhận)
anticipate(dự tính)
appreciate(đánh giá)
avoid (tránh xa)
consider(xem xét)
defer=delay(trì hoãn)
deny(phủ mhận)
detest=dislike=hate(ghét)
dread(sợ)
enjoy(thưởng thức)
escape(trốn thoát)
excuse(tha lỗi)
imaging(tưởng tượng)
involve(liên quan đến)
keep=continue
love(yêu,thích)
fancy(mong muốn)
finish(kết thúc)
forgive(tha thứ)
loathe(ghê tởm)
mean=involve
mind(lưu ý,làm phiền)
miss(nhớ) prefer(thích hơn)
prevent(ngăn ngừa)
propose(đề nghị)
recollect(hồi tưởng lại)
remember
resent(phẫn nộ)
resist(kháng cự)
rist(liều)
save(cứu ,tiết kiệm)
stop(dừng lại)
suggest
understand
..
Ex: We enjoy playing football / Micheal was considering buying a new car until the prices went up .
 Have you finished writing your book ?
b. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một “động từ + giới từ” như :
approve of
apologize for
believe in
count on
care for
complain of
confess to
consist of
depend on
dream of
end in
give up
forget about
get to
go back to
hesitate about
insist on
keep on
lead to
long for
mean by
persist in
plan on
put off
rely on
return to
result in
safe from
succeed in
think about
think of
lake to
talk of
threaten with
worry about
look forward to
object to
..
Ex:John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice . / I am not looking forward to meeting him .
 Henry is thinking of going to France in August .
c. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một “tính từ + giới từ” như :
absorbed in
accustomed to
afraid of
amused at
angry with
annoy at
ashamed of
aware of
(in) capable of
carefull (about) in
careless of
certain of
clever at
(un) conscious of
content with
delighted at
different from
embarrassed at
excited about
far from
fond of
fortunate in
frightened of
furious at
given to
good at
grateful for
happy in (at)
intent on
interested in
keep on
nice about
proud of
pleased at
responsible for
right in
scared at (of)
set on
sick of
skill in (at)
slow in
sorry for
successful at (in)
sure of
surprised at
thankful for
tired of (from)
upset at
worried about
wrong in
.
Ex: Alice is fond of dancing ./He is interested in seeing this film ./We are accustomed to sleeping late on weekends .
d. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau thành ngữ (expesions):
can’t stand=can’t be (không thể chịu đựng)
can’t help (không thể không ..)
can’t face (không thể đương đầu)
feel like (yêu thích)
it’s no use/good (chẳng ích gì)
to have difficult
to be worth (đáng)
to be busy
a waste of
spend time/fun/trouble (vui vẻ,lo lắng)
..
Ex: I didn’t feel like talking to him after what had happened . / It’s no use reading this kind of book .
 It’s worth remembering that he has once been a boxer .
e. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một số tính từ khác như :
amusing
comfortable
difficult
easy
great
hopeless
lovely
nice
pleasant
strange
useless
wonderful
Ex:It was difficult getting him to do it . / It was useless arging with Jane .
* Trường hợp này thường được dùng trong văn nói hơn là văn viết .
f. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một “danh từ + giới từ” như :
choice of
excuse for
possibility of
intention of
reason for
menthod for
Ex: There is no reason for leaving this early ./George has no excuse for chopping out of school .
4. Bổ ngữ của tân ngữ : (objective complements):
“The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một số động từ như :
call
catch
discover
feel
find
heard
get
imagine
keep
leave
notice
see
send
set
stop
watch
Ex: I felt him looking at me now and again . / Ellen had noticed me talking with the landlady .
5. “The gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một số ngữ trạng từ ,đi sau các liên từ như : “while ,when ,if .”
Ex: He continued to speak while walking down the path .
6. Cấu trúc mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm việc gì : Spend + thời gian + V-ing .
Ex: He spent two hours writing this essay.
*NOTES :
Verbs
To inf
Gerund
To begin/start/continue/cease/intend.
V
V
To advise/allow/admit/forbid/encourage/permit/recommend/propose/suggest
V
To advise/allow/admit/forbid/encourage/permit/recommend/propose/suggest + O
V
To need/want/require
V
 V (passive)
To like
Want , wish
Enjoy (hobbies,interests)
To mean
Intend
Involve(đòi hỏi ,liên quan)
To stop
Ngừng để làm việc gì
Ngừng hẳn
To go on
Làm một việc khác mới
Tiếp tục
To propose
Dự định
Đề nghị
Group B: VERB + INF + OR GERUND ( WITH A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING )
remember regret
forget try
The verbs in Group B may be followed by either an inf or a gerund , but the meaning is different .
(d) Judy always remembers to look the door 
Remember + inf = remember to perform responsibility duty , or task , as in (d)
(e) Sam often forgets to lock the door 
Forget + inf = forget to perform a responsibility , duty , or task , as in (e)
(f) I remember seeing the Alps for the first time ,the sight was impressive .
Remember + gerund = remember (recall) something that happened in the past , as in (f)
(g) I’ll never forget seeing the Alps for the first time .
Forget + gerund =forget something that happened in the past, as in (g)**
(h) I regret to tell you that you failed the test .
Regret + inf = regret to say ,to tell some one of some bad news ,as in (h)
(i) I regret lending him money . He never paid me back.
Regret + gerund = regret something that happened in the past , as in (i)
(j) I’m try to learn English .
Try + inf = make an effort , as in (j)
(k) The room was hot .I tried opening the window ,but that didn’t help. So I tried turning on the fan , but I was still hat . Finally , I turned on the air conditioner. 
 Try + gerund = experiment with a new or different apperoach to see if it works , as in (k)
Notice the patterns with prefer : 
-Prefer + gerund : I prefer staying home to going to the concert.
-Prefer + inf : I prefer to stay home than (to) go the concert .
-Forget ** followed by agerund usually occurs in a negative sentence or a question e.g.I’ll never forget , I can’t forget ,Have you ever forgotten , and can you ever forget can be followed by a gerund phrase .
Ex: 1. Please remember to return the boak tomorrow , I remember putting my had some where in this room.
 2. I’ll never forget seeing him the first time .
 3. He stopped to eat .
 4. I’m to tied . I stop working , for a moment. 
 5. a/ The teacher permitted them to turn the assignment in late .
 b/ The teacher permitted going out
B. To inf : được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
1. Chủ ngữ : ( Subject )
Ex: To visit her was all that I desired. / To act like that is childish .
2. Bổ ngữ : (Complements).
Ex: His greatest wish was to tell her everthings . / What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm and.
3.Tân ngữ: (Objects).
a.
agree
attempt
after
ask
Arrange
begin
continue
clerire
cease
clain
choose
come
care
decide
deternaine
demand
Expect
fail
fear
forget
hate
help
hesitate
hope
learn
like
long
love
Mean
manage
need
neglect
propose
prefer
pretend
prepare
promise
plan
want
wish
Intend
omit
tend
try
threaten
refuse
start
swear
seem
strive
.
Ex:I came to know him well towards the endof the war. / He didn’t want to he left alone.
 Do you mean to say he actually approves of it.
b. “To inf ” thường được sử dụng sau các động từ như :
To make up one’s mind
To take care
To take the trouble
To make sure
.
Ex: The next day he made sure to buy a copy of the newspaper .
c. Tân ngữ của tính từ ( objects of adjectives ) :
 “To inf ” thường được sử dụng sau các tính từ như :
(un) able
afraid
amused
annoyed
anxious
ashamed
astonished
boring
careful
certain
content
crazy
curious
dangerous
delighted
determined
difficult
distressed
due
eager
easy
hard
fortunate
free
frighten
furious
good
glad
grateful
happy
helpless
horrified
inpatient
interested
keen
lucky
moved
pleased
(im) possible
proud
prepared
quick
ready
relieved
reluctant
right
resolved
safe
scared
slow
sorry
sufficient
sure
surprised
thankful
useless
usual
(un) willing
(un) wise
wonderful
worthy
wrong
.
Ex: He would be scary not to do so . / I am curious to know the news .
d. Đôi khi một từ hoặc cụm từ bắt đầu với “for” đựơc dùng để chỉ chủ ngữ của “to inf ”:
Ex:He was eager for me to start on my new job .
e. “To inf ” thường được sử dụng những từ như : “what ,who ,whom ,which ,when ,where ,how.”
Ex: I don’t know what to say .
4. “To inf ” còn có thể đóng vai trò tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hoặc đại từ bất định :
Ex : The house to be demolished is very old in deed give them something to eat .
5. “To inf ” còn có thể đóng vai trò trạng từ , phần nhiều ngụ ý hoặc kết quả như :
Ex: I saved money to buy a bicycle . / He was lucky enough to win the prize .
6. “ To inf ”có thể theo sau một số danh từ hoặc đại từ , để làm bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ ấy . Những động từ thường có một tân ngữ và một “ To inf ” theo sau :
advise
allow
ask
assumer
beg
believe
cause
challenge
command
compel
consider
enable
encourage
expect
find
forbid
force
get
guess
hate
imagine
instruct
intend
invite
know
lead
like
love
mean
observe
order
permit
persucide
prefer
suspect
teach
tell
tempt
think
trust
understand
urge
want
warn
wish
.
Ex: Why did he advise me to visit Westminster Abbey ? / I told him to be patient . / We can’t force you to stay here.
 C. Bare infinitive : Được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
1. Sau động từ khiếm khuyết như : “can” , “may” , “must” , “will” , “shall”, “ .”.
Ex:I can speak English. / You should stay at home .
2. Sau các động từ cảm quan như : see , hear , feel , smell ( Có 2 trường hợp “+O+V-ing : đang xảy ra”, “+O+V-bare : xảy ra rồi ”.)
Ex: I saw her get off the bus .
3. Sau các động từ “make” , “let” :
Ex: He made me do it . / Let me go .
4. Sau các động từ như : had better , would rather , had sooner..
Ex: You had better tell him look anxious . / We would rather not go with him.
5.Trong cấu trúc truyền khiến của động từ “have” : 
 * S + have/has + NGƯỜI + V-bare. / * S + have/has + VẬT+ V-pp .
Ex: I have a mechanic check my car every month ..
THE END
J K L