Chuyên đề bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Chức năng của từ loại

CHỨC NĂNG CỦA TỪ LOẠI
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Ex: Maths is the subject I like best.
 N
 Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.
 N
2. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful....
Ex: She is a good teacher.
 Adj N
 His father works in hospital.
 Adj N
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ
Ex: I like English.
 We are students.
4. Sau “enough”
Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)
Ex: This book is an interesting book.
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at......
Ex: Thanh is good at literature.
II. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N
Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.
2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj 
Ex: She is beautiful
 Tom seems tired now.
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj 
Ex: He makes me happy
 O adj
3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj...
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough...
Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.
5. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that
Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home
6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as....as)
Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish.
 Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.
7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V
 What + (a/an) + adj + N
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tàn suất: often, always, usually, seldom....)
Ex: They often get up at 6am.
2. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
Ex: I have recently finished my homework.
 TĐT adv V
3. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj
Ex: She is very nice.
 Adv adj
4. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv
Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.
5. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough
Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.
6. Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that
Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
7. Đứng cuối câu
Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
8. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,)
Ex: Last summer I came back my home country
 My parents had gone to bed when I got home.
 It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school.
IV. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).
Ex: My family has five people.
 S V
 I believe her because she always tells the truth.
 S V S V
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI 
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness...........
II. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ
Adj Ú Adv
 good well
 late late/lately
 ill ill
 fast fast
EXERCISE
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. 	
decide 	b. decision 	c. decisive 	d. Decisively
2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .
carefully 	b. careful	c. caring 	d. Careless
3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
a. relations 	b. Relatives	c. relationship 	d. Related
4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a .
a. biology	b. biologist	c. biological	d. biologically
5. She takes the .. for running the household.
a. responsibility	b. responsible 	c. responsibly 	d. responsiveness.
6. We are a very close-nit family and very .. of one another.
a. supporting 	b. supportive	c. support	d. supporter
7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible 	b. responsibility 	
	c. responsibly 	 	d. irresponsible
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
 	 a. biology 	b. biological 	c. biologist 	d. biologically
Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in __.
agree 	b. agreeable 	c. agreement 	d. Agreeably
10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide 	b. confident 	c. confidently 	d. Confidence
11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry 	b. married 	c. marriageable 	d. marriage
12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse 	b. diversity 	c. diversify 	d. diversification
13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband.
a. attractive	b. attraction	c.attractiveness	d.attractively
14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude 	b. rudeness 	c. rudely 	d. rudest
15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite 	b. politely 	c. politeness 	 	d. impoliteness 
16. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
	a. deaf	b. deafen	c. deafness	d. Deafened
17. His country has -------------- climate. 
a. continent 	b. continental	c. continence	d. Continentally
18. She has a -------------- for pink. 
a. prefer	b. preferential	c. preferentially	d. Preference
19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.
	a. widely 	b. wide 	c. widen 	d. Width
20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
	a. comfort 	b. comfortable	c. comforted 	d. Comfortably
21. English is the language of --------------.
	a. communicative 	b. communication 	
	c. communicate 	d. communicatively 
22. I have to do this job because I have no --------------.
	a. choose	b. choice	c. choosing	d. Chosen
23. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo.
	a. instruct 	b. instructors 	c. instructions 	d. Instructive
24. He did some odd jobs at home --------------.	
	a. disappointment 	b. disappoint 	c. disappointed 	d. Disappointedly
25. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------. 
	a. harm 	b. harmful	c. harmless	d. Unharmed
26. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State.
	a. child	b. childhood	c. childish	d. Childlike
27. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure.
	a. interest	b. interestedly	c. interesting	d. interested	
28. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it.
	a. prepare	b. preparation	c. preparing	d. Prepared
29. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------.
	a. convenient	b. convenience	c. conveniently	d. Convene
30. She is -------------- in her book. 
	a. absorbed 	b. absorbent 	 	c. absorptive 	d. Absorb
31. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave.
	a. satisfy	b. satisfied	c. satisfying	d. unsatisfied