Chuyên đề bài tập Tiếng Anh 12: Đảo ngữ

VIII/ INVERSION
(Đảo ngữ)
Phép đảo của động từ là sự đảo ngược vị trí giữa động từ (hoặc trợ động từ) và chủ ngữ (nếu trong câu không có trợ động từ thì phải mượn trợ động từ tùy theo thì của câu gốc)
Hình thức đảo ngữ được dùng khi:
1. Trạng từ, trạng ngữ phủ định, hoặc các từ giới hạn (HARDLY, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, LITTLE, ...) được đặt ở đầu câu để nhấn mạnh
Eg:	Seldom have I seen such an interesting film. (Hiếm khi tôi xem được một bộ phim thú vị đến vậy)
	Not a single word did she say. (Cô ấy chẳng nói gì cả)
	At no time did he get permission for what he want to do (Không khi nào anh ấy được phép làm những điều anh ấy muốn) 
Một số trạng từ, trạng ngữ thường được theo sau bởi hình thức đảo ngữ:
Never
Scarcely ... when
Only then
By no means
Rarely
No sooner ... than
Not (even) once
At no time
Seldom
Only by
Not often
Nowhere (else)
Little
Only in this way
On no account/
Not on any account
Under no circumstances
Hardly ... when
Not only ... but also
In no way
...
Lưu ý: ONLY AFTER ..., ONLY WHEN ..., ONLY IF ..., NOT UNTIL ... có hình thức đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề chính
Eg:	Only when I called her did I learn that she was seriously ill.
	Not until you finish your homework can you go out.
2. Cụm từ SO + ADJ/ ADV hoặc SUCH + BE + ADJ + N được đặt ở đầu câu dùng để nhấn mạnh
Eg:	So sad was she that she could not say anything.
	Such was the good novel that I read it during the night.
3. Câu điều kiện đảo ngữ
Loại 1
Should + S + V, S + will/can/ may + V
Loại 2
Were + S + to V/ adj/ adv, S + would/ could/ might + V
Loại 3
Had + S + VpII, S + would/ could/ might + have + VpII
Eg:	Should you see her, tell her that I want her to phone me.
	Were he here, he would know how to solve this problem.
	Had I not lent him money, I wouldn’t have borrowed you some.
4. Cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc phương hướng đứng đầu câu (đảo toàn bộ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ)
Eg:	Under the tree was lying one of the biggest dog I have ever seen.
	Out in to the street ran the thieves.	
	Away ran the cat.
5. HERE, THERE, FIRST, LAST đứng đầu câu (đảo toàn bộ động từ ra trước chủ ngữ)
Eg: 	There comes the bus	Last went the tiger tamer.
6. SO, NEITHER, NOR đứng đầu câu/ vế câu
Eg: 	I don’t like coffee. 	- Nor/ Neither do I
EXERCISE
Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words so that it means the same as above.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
" Not only_______________________________________________________
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
" No sooner _____________________________________________________
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
" Hardly _______________________________________________________
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
" Not until ______________________________________________________
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
" Only _________________________________________________________
6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
" Never ________________________________________________________
7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
" Under the table _________________________________________________
8. His brother had rarely been more excited.
" Rarely_________________________________________________________
9. The facts were not all made public until later.
" Only__________________________________________________________
10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
" Had___________________________________________________________
11. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.
" Such__________________________________________________________
12. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
"Not only ______________________________________________________
13. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
" Little _________________________________________________________
14. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
"Should________________________________________________________
15. The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.
" In ___________________________________________________________
16. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.
" So ___________________________________________________________
17. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election.
"Were__________________________________________________________
18. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
" No sooner _____________________________________________________
19. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
"Such__________________________________________________________
20. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.
"Seldom________________________________________________________
21. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.
" Only__________________________________________________________
22. Just after the play started there was a power failure.
" Hardly________________________________________________________
23. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.
" Rarely_________________________________________________________
24. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
" Scarcely_______________________________________________________
25. Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.
" On no_________________________________________________________