Câu bị động trong tiếng Anh

Câu bị động trong tiếng Anh 
(*) by + Object pronoun(me, him, them,...)
              Someone
              People
Trong câu bị động, khi các bạn chuyển đổi câu sẽ có thêm phần by + Object ở cuối câu, nếu như gặp các object được chuyển đổi về từ câu chủ động như ở trên thì chúng ta lượt bỏ phần by + object cho đỡ rối bài nhé.
(*) by + common noun (jobs, family relationship) → teacher, student, doctor, father, uncle,... 
(*) by + name(Lan, John, Long, ...)
Trong trường hợp các tân ngữ chuyển đổi được từ câu chủ động là các common noun hoặc name các bạn cần phải giữ lại và đặt nó theo cấu trúc câu bị động ở trên.
Examples:
- I open the door
→ The door is opened (by me). (trong câu này, I → me nên by me không cần thiết ghi lại nên mình để trong dấu ngoặc có nghĩa là có cũng được không có cũng không sao.
- He bought his house last year.
→ His house was bought (by him) last year.
- Lan bought a new car last week.
→ A new car was bought by Lan last week.
Biến đổi động từ
Trong đó Aux là can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, be going to, be about to, have to, must
Câu chứa địa điểm và thời gian
Một câu chủ động có thể có thêm Place và Time trong cấu trúc và các bạn có thể chuyển đổi chúng về câu bị động dễ dàng với thứ tự đúng như sau:
- Câu chủ động: Subject + Verb + Object + Place + Time.
→ Câu bị động: Subject + to be + past participle + Place + by + Object + Time.
Example:
My mother has done a lot of work at home today.
→ A lot of work has been done at home by my mother today.
Lưu ý
Trong tiếng anh chúng ta có ngoại động từ và nội động từ:
Transitive → Verbs → Verb + object.
Intransitive → Verbs → Verb + Object.
Ví dụ: Do, make, love, like, want,... + Object.
- Laugh, go, cry, jog, swim,... không + Object.
Như đã nói ở trên, một câu chủ động có đầy đủ S + V + O mới có thể chuyển đổi về dạng câu bị động. Như vậy, tất cả các nội động từ không có câu bị động.
Ví dụ:
- She runs very fast.
- The baby is crying loudly in the bedroom.
- I can dance.
Là các câu không thể chuyển về câu bị động.
Dạng đặc biệt
1. Câu bị động đặc biệt dạng 1
- Cấu trúc: S + V1, V2 + O (Câu này có 2 động từ V1 và V2)
Ví dụ: 
- Câu chủ động: I typed the letters and mailed them this morning.
Trong câu này chúng ta có 2 động từ là typed và mailed có một tân ngữ là letters. Và chúng ta có thể viết lại câu bị động như sau:
→ The letters were typed and mailed this morning. (câu bị động).
2. Câu bị động đặc biệt dạng 2
- Cấu trúc: S + V1, V2 + O1, O2 (Câu có 2 động từ và 2 tân ngữ).
Ví dụ:
- Câu chủ động: I have done my homework and have typed the report. (Tôi đã làm bài tập về nhà và đã đánh báo cáo).
Trong câu trên chúng ta có 2 động từ là done và type, 2 tân ngữ là my homework và the report. Với câu chủ động này chúng ta có thể viết lại bị động như sau:
→ My homework has been done and the report has been typed. (câu bị động)
3. Câu bị động đặc biệt dạng 3
- Cấu trúc: V + O + V Dùng cho MAKE hoặc LET.
Ví dụ: 
- He made us do this → We were made to do this.
- They let him go → He was allowed to go hoặc He was let to go.
(*)Lưu ý: các bạn nên đổi "LET" thành "Allow" khi chuyển đổi sang câu bị động.
Bài tập
1. We can’t go along here because the road........................
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read...................Agatha Christie
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and.................................................
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
4. Something funny ...........................in class yesterday
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
5. Many US automobiles........................in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
6. A lot of pesticide residue can.........................................unwashed produce
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
7. We..................by a loud noise during the night
A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up
8. Some film stars...................difficult to work with
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy........................at
A. be laughed	B. to be laughed	C. laughing	D. being laughed
10. Today, many serious childhood diseases...........................by early immunization
A. are preventing	B. can prevent	C. prevent	D. can be prevented
11. Do you get your heating..........................every year?
A. checking	B. check	C. be checked	D. checked
12. Bicycles.......................in the driveway
A. must not leave	B. must not be leaving	C. must not be left	D. must not have left
13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.......................next weekend
A. is going to be performed	B. has been performed	C. will be performing	D. will have perform
14. All bottles......................................before transportation
A. frozen	B. were froze	C. were frozen	D. are froze
15. ...............................................yet?
A. Have the letters been typed	B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed	D. Had the letters typed
16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where.................for administration, broadcasting and education
A. is used	B. it is used	C. used	D. being used
17. The telephones..............by Alexander Graham Bell
A. is invented	B. is inventing	C. invented	D. was invented
18. Lots of houses...................by the earthquake
A. are destroying	B. destroyed	C. were destroyed	D. is destroyed
19. Gold.........................in California in the 19th century
A. was discovered	B. has been discovered	C. was discover	D. they discover
20. The preparation.......................by the time the guest............................
A. had been finished- arrived	B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving	D. have been finished- were arrived
21. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish	B. Punished	C. Punishing	D. was punished
22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ___, sir. They’re on your desk.”
A. typed	B. been being typed	C. being typed 	D. been typed
23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.
A. be made	B. are made	C. is made	D. made
24. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
A. done	B. to do	C. did	D. do
25. We got our mail ______ yesterday.
A. been delivered	B. delivered	C. Delivering	D. to deliver
26. James..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell	B. should be told	C. should told	D. should be telled
27. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made	B. is making	C. made	D. make
28. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known	B. knew	C. is known	D. know
29. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used	B. is not used	C. didn’t used	D. are not used
30. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born	B. were born	C. was born	D. born
31. His car needs ________.
A. be fixed	B. fixing 	C. to be fixing	D. fixed
32. Her watch needs _______.
A. repairing	B. to be repaired	C. repaired	D. A and B
33. My mother is going _____ this house.
A. sold	B. sell	C. to be sold	D. to sell
34. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.
A. being followed	B. are followed	C. follow	D. following
35. Have you _____ by a dog?
A. bite	B. bit	C. ever been bitten	D. ever been bit
36. The room is being _____ at the moment.
A. was cleaned	B. cleaned	C. cleaning	D. clean
37. It _____ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected	B. expected	C. are expected	D. was expected
38. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported	B. reports	C. reported	D. reporting
39. He was said _____ this building.
A. designing	B. to have designed	C. to design	D. designed
40. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. 
A. got sting	B. got stung	C. get stung	D. gets stung
41. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used	B. used	C. get used	D. get use
42. I’ll get Minh _____ do this for you.
A. do	B. done	C. did	D. to do
43. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing	B. needn't be typed	C. need to type	D. needn't typing
 44. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.”
A. is made	B. has made	C. made	D. was made
45. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room everyday is cleaned.	B. The room is every day cleaned.
C. The room is cleaned every day.	D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
46. People don’t use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often.	B. Not very often this road is not used.
C. This road very often is not used.	D. This road not very often is used.
47. How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned?	B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned?	D. Languages are learned how?
48. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.
A. were built/ were built	B. are built/ were built 
C. are building / were built	D. were built/ were being built
49. Tom bought that book yesterday.
A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.	B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom	D. That book was bought yesterday.
50. The new computer system _____ next month. 
A. is be installed	B. is being installed	C. is been installed	D. is being installed by people
Đáp án:
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D
11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. D 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 
31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. B 
41. C 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. B