Bài tập về Câu bị động trong Tiếng anh lớp 8

PASSIVE VOICE
1. Định nghĩa:
Thể bị động (The passive voice) là một dạng thức của động từ rất phổ biến trong tiếng anh. Một động từ được dùng ở thể bị động khi chủ ngữ của nó không phải là tác nhân gây nên hành động mà là đối tượng nhận, chịu hay bị tác động của hành động thể hiện bởi động từ đó.
2. Dạng thức:
eg: 	This book was written by Nguyen Nhat Anh
	BE+ V- P2(By ..)
3. Các trường hợp sử dụng thể bị động:
- Khi tác nhân gây nên hành động không quan trọng hoặc không rõ ràng.
eg: My car has been stolen.
- Trong vấn đề liên kết văn bản, khi ta cần đưa vào vị trí của chủ ngữ 
một chủ đề trùng với chủ đề của văn bản.
eg: We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord.
 It was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
- Khi tiêu điểm của thông báo trùng với tác nhân gây nên hành động, vì trong tiếng anh có khuynh hướng đặt tiêu điểm thông báo ở cuối câu.
eg: Nice picture! Yes, it was painted by my mother!
- Khi phần tác nhân gây ra hành động có độ nặng, phức tạp.
eg: I was annoyed by Mary wanting to tell everybody what had happened
* Lưu ý với (by .)
1/ Xuất hiện (by .) khi nó được đánh giá là quan trọng, cần thiết phải nhắc đến.
- The thief was caught by an 80- years- old lady
2/ Không nhất thiết phải xuất hiện (by .) khi nó không có vai trò quan trọng, không biết ai là tác nhân, hoặc tác nhân đã quá rõ ràng, đương nhiên.
eg1: My car has been stolen.
eg2: What happen to the thief ?	
 - He was caught (by the police) yesterday
eg3: Some of his paintings were made (by him) when he 
 was seriously ill
4. Quy tắc chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động
Act: 	S	VA	O
Pas: 	S	VP	by + agent
- Tân ngữ trong câu chủ động -> chủ ngữ trong câu bị động
Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động -> BY + tân ngữ trong câu bị động
- Động từ: BE + VP2/ VP
Vị trí của trạng từ/ trạng ngữ:
+ trạng từ/ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn + by + tân ngữ.
	eg: He was found in the forest by the police
+ by + tân ngữ + trạng từ/ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
	eg: He was found by the police 3 hours ago
	eg: He was found in the forest by the police 3 hours ago
 + Trạng từ chỉ cách thức.
	eg: The report has been carefully done by school principal 
5. Các dạng bị động.
1, Simple: S + be (am, is, are, was, were) + VP2
2, Continuous: S + be (am, is, are, was, were) + being + VP2
3, Perfect: S + have/ has/ had + been + VP2
4, Perfect continuous: (ít dùng)
- S + have/ has/ had + been + being + VP2
- The meal had been being served when he came
5, Câu bị động với modal verbs:
- S + modal verb (will/ can/...) + be + VP2
6, Câu bị động với non- finite verb: S + verb + to be + VP2 	 
 hoặc S + verb + being + VP2
eg: I expected to be invited to the party but I wasn’t
 I prefer being driven by a professional chauffeur
* Lưu ý: Sau một số động từ see, hear, make,. động từ ở dạng nguyên thể không TO, khi sang bị động là nguyên thể có TO
	eg. She made her son finish his homework
	-> Her son was made to finish his homework
7, Bị động với cụm động từ.
	eg. They cut down a lot of trees
	-> A lot of trees were cut down
8. Câu bị động với hai tân ngữ:
	eg. He gave his brother an apple
	-> His brother was given an apple (by him)
	-> An apple was given to his brother (by him)
9, Câu bị động với THAT- clause.
	eg. People think that he speaks English well
It is thought that he speaks English well-
> He is thought to speak English well
10. Câu bị động với cấu trúc sai khiến.
	eg. I had my secretary do the report 
 I had the report done by my secretary 
 S + have/ get sth + VP2 + (by agent)
Exercise: Change these sentences into the passive.
1. We use this room only on special occasion
->The room is only used on special occasion
2. They don’t make planes here.
->The planes are not made here 
3. My brother is repairing my piano.
->My piano is being repaired by my brother 
4. A Japanese firm makes these TV set.
->These TV sets are made by a Japanese firm 
5. He hasn’t typed the letter yet.
->The letter hasn’t been typed yet.
6. The fire has caused considerable damage.
->Considerable damage has been caused by the fire
7. Has someone posted my letter?
->Has my letter been posted? 
8. Someone has already told him to report for duty at 6.00pm.
->He has already been told to report for duty at 6.00 p.m
9. The author has written a special edition for children.
->A special edition has been written for the children
10. They make these artificial flowers of silk.
->These artificial flowers are made of silk 
11. Who has cleaned this room?
->By whom this room has been cleaned?
12. Have they told you anything about it?
->have you been told anything about it ? 
13. What language do they speak in Australia?
->What language is spoken in Australia ? 
14. They didn’t look after the children properly.
->The children weren’t look after properly 
15. Maria was writing poems at that time.
->Poems were being written at that time 
16. We will not admit children under 16.
->Children will not be admitted under 16 
17. You shouldn’t leave the documents on the desk.
->The documents should not be left on the desk
18. They are going to open a new school here next month.
->A new school is going to be opened here next month 
19. The police shouldn’t allow people to park here.
->People shouldn’t be allowed to park there 
20. People mustn’t leave bicycle in the hall.
->Bicycle mustn’t be left in the hall
21. Sarah was writing a letter when I came.
->When I came, a letter was being written by Sarah
22. They are building a new ring road round the city.
->A new ring road is being built round the city 
23. The manager must sign the cheque.
->The cheque must be singed by the manager
24. John will meet me at the airport.
->I will be met at the airport 
25. They have built a new hospital near the airport.
->A new hospital has been built near the airport
26. They think that this book is of no use.
->This book is thought to be of no use
It is thought that this book is of no use
27. People believe that he was injured in the accident.
->It is believed that he was injured in the accident 
28. They say many people are homeless after the floods.
->It is said that many people are homeless after the floods
29. We believe that he is studying painting in America.
->It is believed that he is studying painting in America 
30. People think that he knows English well.
->It is thought that he knows English well.
31. You need to have your hair cut
->He is thought to know English well 
32. You must see it to believe it. 
->It must be seen to be believed
33. He wants someone to take some photographs 
->He wants some photographs to be taken
34. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.
->It is dangerous for the short cut to be taken