Bài tập và ngữ pháp Tiếng anh lớp 11

Infinitive with TO and Infinitive without TO
Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO và không TO
1. Infinitive with TO :
 + is used to express a purpose. Ex : I’m learning English to get a good job.
 + is used after adjectives Ex : I’m pleased to see you. 
 + is used after interrogative pronouns : what, who, where, how, ...
 Ex : Tell me what to do.
 + is used after indefinite pronouns : something, nothing, anybody,
 Ex : He has nothing to do.
 + is used after some verbs : want, need, decide, refuse, offer, hope, fail, agree, tend, plan, arrange, learn, promise, afford, care, manage, attempt, ... Ex : I want to buy that house.
2. Infinitive without TO 
 + is used after some verbs : make, let ; and see, hear, watch, feel, + Object
 Ex : Nothing can make him cry.
 I saw the man get into the car.
 + is used after modal verbs: will, shall, could, can , should, must, may,
 Ex: I must speak to manager . 
 You should go to bed early.
 + is used after : and, or, except, but, than, as, like Ex: He cannot do anything but smile.
BÀI TẬP:
* Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form: 
1. He expects (receive) ___________ her reply today.
2. We hope (see) __________ each other next summer.
3. She promised (not be) ____________ there again.
4. I want (see) ____________ the house where our president was born.
5. He told me (try) ___________ (come) __________ early.
* Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences, using the words given in brackets: 
1. They arrived home late.
 He saw _________________________________________________
2. She didn’t want to stay there for the weekend. 
They made her. _________________________________________________
3. The teacher allowed me to stay at home to finish the assignment.
 The teacher let _________________________________________________
4. The boy ran away from the house. 
She noticed _________________________________________________
5. The policeman told the thief to empty his pockets. 
The policeman made _________________________________________________
PRACTICE
Combine the given idea into one sentence. Add to when an infinitive is required.
use/ scissors/ tool are/ for/ sharp/ very young children
_________________________________________________
wrong/ consider/ they/ smoke/ it/ in public places
_________________________________________________
let/ I/ stay/ think/ them/ should/ the weekend/ until/ we
_________________________________________________
climb/ the first/ oxygen/ who/ Everest/ without/ person/ was?
_________________________________________________
noticed/ run/ him/ from/ away/ she/ home
_________________________________________________
made/ the film/ laugh/ right from/ them/ the first few minutes.
_________________________________________________
I'll/ look at/ the plumber/ have/ the central heating boiler
_________________________________________________
the answer/ you/ it/ work out/ clever/ of/ was
_________________________________________________
the tourists/ back/ when/ be/ the guide/ didn't/ tell/ at the coach
_________________________________________________
hear/ enough/ the guide/ clearly/ everyone/ didn't/ loudly/ for/ speak
_________________________________________________
Choose the correct answers.
Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones _________ .
 	a. repair 	b. to repair	 	c. repairing	d. repaired
It's possible _______ a train across Canada.
 	a. take	b. to take 	 	c. taking 	d. to be taken
Now that we've finished painting the house, there is nothing left ________.
a. to do 	b. for doing 	c. to be done 	 	d. for being done
Before we leave, let's have Shelley ________ a map for us so we won't get lost.
a. draw 	b. to draw 	c. drawing 	 	d. drawn
I can hear a cat ________ at the window.
a. scratches	b. to scratch 	c. scratching 	 d. was scratching
I think your mother should let you __________ your own mind.
a. make up 	b. to make up 	c. making up 	d. made up
The police never found the money __________in the robbery. 
a. stealing 	b. be stolen 	c. steal 	d. stolen
Do you know what made so many people _________ their home?
a. evacuate 	b. to evacuate	c. evacuated 	d. be evacuated
________ bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast.
a. Make 	b. To make 	c. Making 	d. For make
We saw our favorite ballet _________ at the theater last night.
a. perform 	b. performing 	c. performed 	d. in performing
There is at least one mistake in each sentence. Suggest appropriate corrections.
She longed the holidays to come so that she could be with her family again.
I overheard say that he's thinking of moving to Manchester.
They were seen climb through the window.
Very reluctantly, he consented her to lend the .money to Janet.
My parents always encouraged work hard at school.
For years the group has been campaigning an inquiry to hold into the accident.
I watched a pavement artist to draw a portrait in crayons. 
Sam promised me to show me how to fish for salmon, but he never had the time. 
It's easier to do it yourself than to explain to somebody else how to do it.
He was never heard say 'thank you' in his life.
Rewrite the sentence or join the pairs of sentences beginning with the word(s) given.
1. He worked out the answer. It was clever of him.
 It was 	
2. Marie always pays her bills regularly. She's careful that way.
 Marie is always	
3. He was crossing the road. I caught sight of him.
 I noticed	 
4. When we finally heard that David had arrived, we were very relieved.
 We were relieved	
5. Why have you thrown up your job? You're mad.
 You are	 
6. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this. 
 I saw	 
7. It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly.
 We are	 
8. Contacting her at work is usually quite easy.
 She is	 
9. The house shook violently and all of us felt that.
 All of us felt	 
10. Can you sign the papers please? They are ready now.
 The papers are	 
UNIT 2:
TENSES (THÌ)
 Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện Tại đơn)
SIMPLE PAST
(Quá Khứ đơn)
Khẳng định
S + V [-s/-es]
S + V-ed / 2
Phủ định
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf)
S + didn’t + V(bare-inf)
Nghi vấn
Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) ?
Did + S + V(bare-inf) ?
Bị động
am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp
was / were + V-ed/Vpp
Nhận biết
- always, usually, occasionally, often, 
- every : every day, every year
- once, twice, 3 times
- yesterday
- last : last week, last Sunday
- ago : two months ago, five years ago
- in the past
 Thì
Dạng
PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)
PAST CONTINUOUS
(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng định
S + had + V-ed/Vpp
S + was / were + V-ing
Phủ định
S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn
Had + S + V-ed/Vpp?
Was / Were + S + V-ing ?
Bị động
had been + V-ed/Vpp
was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp
Nhận biết
- after + (past perfect), (simple past)
- before + (simple past), (past perfect)
- by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp
- At that moment
- When / As + (simple past): 
 When I came, she was crying.
- While : 
 A dog crossed the road while I was driving.
Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V):
 * S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
 * Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present
 * (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student.
 * S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report.
 * Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money.
 * Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room.
BÀI TẬP 
1. I (see) __________ her last year 
2. You (watch) ____________ TV last night?
3. I (do) _____________ my homework at 7 p.m yesterday.
4. Before she (watch)___________ TV, she (wash) _____________ her clothes.
5. The light (go) __________ out while we (have) _____________ dinner.
6. As we (cross) ___________ the street, we (see) ____________ an accident. 
7. Before Alice (go) ___________ to sleep, She (call) ___________ her family. 
8. The bell (ring) ____________ while Tom (take) ___________ a bath.
9. Daisy (agree) ____________ with other members in the last meeting.
10. She (win) ___________the gold medal in 1986.
11. I (be) ___________ very tired because I (work) ___________ all day yesterday.
12. While my father (read) _______ a newpaper, I (learn) ______ my lesson and my sister (do) ______ her homework.
13. What you (do) ___________ yesterday?
14. You (watch) ____________ TV last night?
15. At 4 p.m yesterday? Well, I (work) _____________ in my office at that time.
16. David (be) ____________ born after his father (die) _____________ .
17. After John _________ (wash) his clothes, he began to study.
18. George__________ (wait) for one hour before the bus came.
19. Maria__________ (enter) the university after she had graduated form the community college.
UNIT 3:
1. INFINITIVE AND GERUND (Động từ nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ)
1.1 Verbs followed by To-inf:
V + (O) + To-inf
- decide - expect - try / attempt - would like / love - agree - advise 
- tend - ask / want - refuse - intend - be willing - fail 
- desire / wish - order / require - demand - hope - tend - hesitate 
Ex: - I expect to meet him tomorrow.
1.2 Verbs followed by the gerund
 V + (O) + V-ing
- avoid - mind - appreciate - practise - consider - finish 
- deny - delay / postpone - miss - enjoy - keep - dislike/ hate / detest 
 * Expressions: 
- look forward to - be worth - can’t help / bear / stand - be accustomed to 
- There’s no point in - be busy - It’s no good / use - be / get used to 
 * Adj phrase with preposition + V-ing
Ex: He is good at solving mathematical problems
2. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND (Động từ nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ thể bị động)
2.1. Examples:
 - She expects to be invited to Minh’s birthday party.
 	V to be + PP
- She enjoys being invited to Minh’s birthday party.
 V being + PP
2.2 Form: (cấu trúc)
2.1 Passive infinitive:
To be + Past Participle
2.2 Passive gerund:
Being + Past Participle
BÀI TẬP 
1/Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form: gerund or infinitive.
1. I finished (write) ___________ a letter to my grandparents.
2. He expects (receive) ___________ her reply today.
3. Try to avoid (make) ___________ him angry.
4. We hope (see) __________ each other next summer.
5. She promised (not be) ____________ there again.	
6. Would you mind (help) ____________ me (move) ___________ this table?
UNIT 4:
Ý GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Danh động từ và phân từ hiện tại
V - ING
1. Form:
2. Use
a. To form continuous tenses.+ Example: She is reading book now.
b. As adjectives + Example: ­ I love the noise of falling rain.
	2
c. Present participle is used after verbs of sensation (see, hear, smell, feel, listen to, notice, watch).
+ Example: ­ I see him passing my house everyday.
d. Present participle is used after verbs: catch, find, leave + Object.
+ Example: ­ I caught them stealing my money.
 e. Present participle is used after verbs: go, come, spend, waste, be busy. 
+ Example: ­ Tom is busy practising for the school concert.
Ý PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE
Danh động từ hoàn thành và phân từ hoàn thành
Having + Past Participle
1. Form:
2.Use
2.1 Perfect gerund:
a. is used instead of the present gerund form when we are referring to a past action.
+ Example:­ He was accused of having deserted his ship
b. is fairly usual after “deny” :
+ Example:­ He denied having been there.
3.2 Perfect participle:
a. can be used instead of the present participle to replace a main clauses,( when one action is immediately followed by another with the same subject)
b. emphasizes that the first action is complete before the second one starts.
+ Example:­ Having finished his homework, Tom watch ed TV
BÀI TẬP 
1.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1/ The missing children were last seen ( play).near the river.
2/ ( Complete)..the book, he had a holiday.
3/ ( Find).only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases.
4/ The accident seems ( happen)at around 1.00 p.m yesterday.
5/ Do something! Don’t just sit there (twiddle)..your thumbs.
2.Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle ( present, past or perfect ).
1/ When she saw the dog comimg towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
..
2/ If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
3/ As I don’t have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
.
4/ Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.
.
5/ Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
..
6/ The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.
.
UNIT 5: Reported Speech with Infinitive.
Lối nói gián tiếp với động từ nguyên mẫu
a/
S + V + O +(not) TO Infinitive
* Verbs: advise, ask, beg, command, forbid, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, tell, expect, warn,
* Example:- “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said.
" I warned/ told the boys not to swim out too far.
b/ 
S + V +(not) TO Infinitive
* Verbs: agree, demand, guarantee, hope, offer, promise, swear, threaten, volunteer,
 * Example:- “ I will try my best to look for that book for Lan”. Jim promised.
" Jim promised to try his best to look for that book for Lan 
 BÀI TẬP 
 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the words given:
1. “ We’ll come back again.”" They promised __________________________
2. “ Give me your homework.”" The teacher told _________________________
3. “Please, don’t smoke in my car.”" He asked _______________________________
4. Would you like to have a drink with me?”" He invited ______________________________
5. “You should give up smoking”" The doctor advised _______________________
UNIT 6: Reported Speech with gerund
Lối nói gián tiếp với danh động từ 
a/ Having object:
S + V + Object + preposition + V-ing
* Verbs: accused of, suspect  of, congratulate  on, prevent  from, thank  for, warm  against.
* Example:- “You are not telling the truth, you are a liar!”
" They accused me of telling lies.
b/ Having no object: 
S + V + preposition + V-ing
* Verbs: dream of, approve/ disapprove of, insist on, apologize for, think of, look forward to
c/ Other: 
 S + V + V-ing
 Suggest, deny, admit,+ V-ING
BÀI TẬP 
 Write the following sentences using the words given. 
1. “It’s not a good idea to change these plans at this late date.”
à He objected to. .
2. He deserted his ship two months ago. He was accused of it.
à He was accused of .
3. John spent his own money. I can’t prevent him from that.
à I can’t prevent 
4 “I didn’t reveal the company’s confidential information”.
à Mary denied ..
5.’’Congratulations! You’ve succeeded in the interview, Kate,’’ 
à Jane congratulated ..
6.’’Yes. I’ve spent too much money doing the shopping,’’ .
à She admitted .
UNIT 7:
I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
	1. Điều kiện loại 1 :	
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Present
	S + V[-e/es]
	S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
Simple Future
	S + will + V(inf)
	S + will not + V(inf)
	Will + S + V(inf)?
	 Unless = if.not
 Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam.	 
	= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.
	= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.	Ghi chú :	
	- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
	- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)	
	2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :
TYPE
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II
Simple Past 
 Be à were (was)
	S + V-ed/2
	S + didn’t + V(inf)
S + would / could + V(inf)
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf)
Would / Could + S + V(inf) ?
III
Past Perfect
	S + had + V-ed/Vpp
	S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
S + would / could have + V-ed/3
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3
Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3?
	Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại
	Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ
	Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu. Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định
	+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân
	+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Because
Because of
+ nguyên nhân
So
+ kết quả
Therefore
As a result
That’s why
	=> Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả)
	Lưu ý : 	+ Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2
	+ Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3
	+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện phải ở dạng phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu.
	Ví dụ : 	He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại à loại 2)	
	= If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train	
	They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại à loại 2)
	= If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping.
	She stayed up late. That’s why she was ill. (tình huống quá khứ à loại 3)
	= If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill.
II.CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH
Gián tiếp câu điều kiện
Ex: 1.“If I have a lot of money, I’ll build houses for the poor.”, John said.
John said if he had a lot of money, he would build houses for the poor.
2. “ If today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school” they said to me.
=> They told me if that day were/ had been Sunday, they wouldn’t go/ wouldn’t have gone to school.
BÀI TẬP 
1: Put the verbs into the correct form.
1. If he (eat)_________ all that he will be ill.
2. If I (know)_________ his address, I’d give it to you.
3. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) _________ you.
4. If the rain (stop) ________, I would have gone for a walk.
2.Rewrite these sentences by using “If”:
1. She will fail in the examination because she is very lazy
2. We don’t have holiday because we haven’t got any money.
3. I don’t know the answer so I can’t tell you..
4. The little boy couldn’t eat the cake because it was very hot.
3. Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech
1/ “ If I had any money I’d buy you a drink”, she said to me ->
2/ “ If I catch the plane I ‘ll be home by five” he said.->
3/ “ You should stay in bed if you feel unwell” my mother said.->
4/ “ If I’d had my mobile yesterday,I could have contacted you,” Tom said->
5/ “ If I were you, I’d stop smoking” she said to her brother.->..
II. PRONUNCIATION:
A. Put out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1) A. stage 	B. page 	 C. cake	 D. tablet
2) A. elephant	 B. event 	 C. engineer D. let
3) A. probably	 B. population 	C. gold	 D. hospital
4) A. smallest	 B. best 	 C. longest	 D. biggest
5) A. mountain	 B. ground 	C. blouse	 D. soup
6) A. earning	B. learning 	C. searching	 D. clearing
7) A. candy 	B. sandy 	 C. many	 D. handy
8) A. corn	 B. cup 	 C. can	 D. city
9) A. who 	 B. wheel 	C. whether	 D. whale
10) A. summer	B. educate 	C. club	 D. public
11) A. handicapped 	B. visited 	C. decided D. wanted
II. VOCABULARY:
 1) Most of the undeveloped countries need a lot of ....................... aid.
A. together	B. unselfish 	C. mutual	 	 D. friend
 2) He is too ....................... to lend me his bicycle.
A. selfish	 B. enthusiastic 	 C. helpful	 	D. pleasant
 3 ) A date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important event is a(n) ............................... .
 A. birthday	B. celebration 	 C. wedding 	 D. anniversary
4) Dinner will be a cold ..........................., not a sit-down meal.
A. party	B. meal	 	 C. dish	 	 D. buffet
5) He doesn’t know mu