Revision 1. Put the verbs into the correct form: They (wash) the floor every week and they (do) it now. She (not, work), she (swim) in the river now. Ann usually (do) the shopping, but I (do) it today as she is not well. What she (do) in the evening? She usually (play) cards or (watch) T.V How you (go) to school every day? He (play) the guitar outside his house when someone (open) the window. Some animals (not, eat) during the winter. She (not, see) Peter since he (leave) the country. When I got up, it (rain). Mary is a writer .She (write) a lot of stories. Our school (build) more than 15 years ago. Listen! What they (speak)? Marie Curie was a famous French scientist who (discover) radium. Jane (work) in the garden and Tom (play) a game when I got home. Linh (live) in Hanoi but her brother Minh (live) in Thai Nguyen. He (arrive) yesterday to visit her. She (love) her brother and is happy to be with him. Tomorrow she (take) him to some interesting places in Hanoi. You (see) this film? - Yes, I have. +When you (see) it? - I (see) it last week. When I (come) to see you yesterday, she (cook) in the kitchen .Her husband (be) in the garage .He (clean) his car .Their children (play) games. The steam engine (invent) in 1784 by James Watt. Many factories (build) in Song Cong in the future. Peter (take) to school every day by his father. Which language (speak) on the British Isles two thousands years ago? When he was a boy at school, Edison asked a lot of questions. The teacher (1.think) he was stupid and she (2.send) him home. Edison’s mother (3.teach) her son at home and he (4.begin) to carry out a lot of experiments. Last night I (have) dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steel (come) in. Harry (use) to work in a lawyer’s office years ago, but now he (work) at a bank. He has a good job now. He (get) a good salary but he always (borrow) money from his friends and never (pay) it back. Since I knew him, he (not, borrow) any money from me. I (1.never, meet) anyone famous yet. Have you? ~Yes, I (2. have). I (3.meet) Elton John in New York in 1998 and we (4.talk) to each other a lot. Last night when I (do) my homework, the light (go) out. I (1.see) Tom again yesterday .You (2.worry) about him, aren’t you ? Well, (3.not, worry) about him. I (4.bring) him for dinner next weekend so you can (5.meet) him. Jack (1.come) from London. He (2.come) to Hanoi to learn Vietnamese two years ago. At first, he (3.find) it difficult to pronounce Vietnamese words but now his Vietnamese (4.improve).Next week, he (take) an examination. If he (pass) it, he (get) a certificate. They (live) in Oxford for 10 years, then (move) to London in 1999. They now (live) in Manchester. What you (do) at 7 P.M. last night? + Mary (write) a letter and I (watch) T.V Your hair looks different. You (have) a haircut? He (read) books when Mary saw him. You (go) to the party last night? – Yes, I (go) with my girlfriend. Mary and John are neighbours. They (know) each other for several years. John (move) to this area in 1999. They always (help) each other in their life. I (receive) a letter from my sister this morning. In it, she (say) she (come) to see me next month. James Watt (be) a Scottish inventor .He (invent) the steam engine in 1784. 2. Use the given word to make full sentences: Two thousand years ago/ British Isles/ inhabit/ speakers of Celtic languages. The Anglo-Saxon/ speak/ Germanic language/ form/ basis of modern English. Modern English/ different/ old English? What/ make/ English/ international? Ernest Hemingway/ born/ 1899/ die/ 1961. Mark Twain/ write “Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn”/ famous all over the world. Marie Curie/ French physicist/ father/ Polish. A classroom/ place/ have/ lessons. Life on earth/ destroy/ if/ nuclear tests/ not stop. The boy/ die/ unless/ he/ send/ for a doctor. If/ I/ be/ your position/ I/ act/ differently. My brother/ interested/ watch English evening news. They/ fond/ go/ swim? She/ fed up/ look after/ children. Warmer/ today/ than/ yesterday. English/ speak/ over/ world. Jack London/ 1876/ 1916. Mother/ go/ shopping/ twice/ week. Last summer/ holiday/ in Samson. They/ already/ their homework. We/ not/ go/ school/ Sunday. Last summer/ friend/ Charles/ invite/ me/ stay/ with him. Since/ leave/ school/ Charles/ live alone. How long/ you/ stay/ your aunt/ last summer? My friend/ going/ give/ birthday party/ next week. Weather/ so warm/ I/ not need/ thick coat. Piano/ be/ too heavy/ John/ move/ by himself. child/ I/ used/ spend/ summer holiday/ native village. Yesterday/ I/ take/ shirt/ salesperson/ whom/ I/ buy/ it. I/ rather/ you/ stay/ home. TuÇn 2: 5th – 8th : Nouns & articles I. Theory: Nouns: Definition: Nouns are used to name things, persons, and phenomenon. Kinds of nouns: There are four kinds of nouns: Common nouns: dog, man, table, cream, gold, ......... Proper nouns: France, David, London, River Thames. ........ Abstract nouns: beauty, love, happiness, courage, weather, ........ Collective nouns: crowd, team, class, group, ........ Countable and uncountable nouns: Countable nouns: show the things which can be counted: one banana, two accidents, an apple, ........ Singular nouns: ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’, possessive adjectives can be put in front of singular nouns. Plural nouns: ‘the’, cardinal numbers, possessive adjectives, ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘few’, ‘a few’, ‘many’, ‘a lot of’ can be out in front of plural nouns. Uncountable nouns: showing the things which can not be counted and has only one form: beauty, love, happiness, cream, gold, tea, ........ ‘a’, ‘an’, cardinal numbers can’t be put in front of uncountable nouns. ‘the’, ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘little’, ‘a little’, ‘much’, ‘a lot of’ and possessive adjectives can be put in front of uncountable nouns. How to change a singular noun into a plural: add ‘s/ es’ into singular nouns (except some irregular nouns) Some ways of forming nouns: noun = V + ing (smoking, drinking, cooking , ........) noun = V + tion (invention, action, extinction, creation, prevention, pollution, explanation, production, attention, ........) noun = V + er/ or (inventor, visitor, speaker, listener, ........) noun = V + ment (treatment, development, employment, movement, ........) noun = adjective + ness (goodness, kindness, happiness, narrowness, ........) noun = adjective + ility (possibility, flexibility, ability, ........) Articles: Definition: An articles is a part of speech which identifies or classifies the nouns. Kinds of articles: Indefinite articles: ‘a’, ‘an’ are used before singular countable nouns. ‘a’ goes before a noun beginning with a consonant or a semi vowel in pronunciation. ‘an’ goes before a noun beginning with a vowel. Definite articles: ‘the’ can be used in front of a singular noun, plural noun, and uncountable noun to identify it. It can be used in front of a particular noun or a noun which we all know. And it also stands in front of a unique thing. II. Practice: Give the correct form of the words in brackets: (employ) among young people is now a serious problem in many countries. John is from England. He is not used to (drive) on the right side of the road. People living in my area now realize the (important) of a good environment. Their children are fond of (read) picture books. Humphry Davy helped Faraday much in his later (discover). We had a lot of (difficult) in learning English. Peter stopped (smoke) three months ago. These animals are in danger of (extinct). He made too many mistakes in his (write). Have you seen the latest (advertise) for Pepsi? She is a (collect) of theatre programmes. English tends towards (simple). This is its (strong). During his (child), he lived with his family in Cornwall. She divorced him because of his (kind). I’d like to book a (fly) to Paris. Read a label on a product. It can give you some useful (inform). My uncle is a (science). He often does research in his laboratory. I don’t really think he has the (able) to do this job. Scientists and doctors are finding a new (treat) for cancer. English has undergone the (assimilate) of borrowings. Latin was the language of (govern) from 43 B.C. to about A.D 410. Faraday did not have much (school) when he was young. He became famous at the (old) of 21. He made much progress in (electric). (eat) and physical (act) add to the causes of several of the killing diseases. Surgeons have tried to reduce the number of (die). David speaks English very (fluent). He is a (fun) person. He often makes me laugh The film is (bore), so I’m (bore). That was an (excite) match, wasn’t it? I was (excite) to see it. She is so (beauty) that everyone loves her. She danced so (beauty) that the audience clapped their hands many times. Mrs. Kent is interested in (go) out now and then. One of the (bad) diseases that mankind has ever had is AIDS. It is too hot. Let’s go (swim). The cartoon last night was very (interest). Rubber trees are very (use). What would happen if rare and (use) animals became extinct? It’s the written English which is not (system) phonetics that causes difficulties to foreigners. A (physic ) is a person who studies physics . There are many new centers with many different (attract). London is very famous for some (attract) parks. English is the (effect) medium of international communication . If we do nothing to protect our environment, our life will be (affect). Oscar eats too much chips so she is (weigh). Your new dress makes you more (beauty). Bill is a good driver .He usually drives (care). Marie Curie’s (discover) of radium made her famous. There are not many (differ) between American and British English . This man gets (employment) benefit because he has no job now. Her parents (courage) her to apply for the job . It’s a nice shop and the assistants are all polite and (help). When I have to wait for a long time to be served I started to feel (patient). He cycled (care) and had an accident. She is very (success) in her job. Although he is now middle-aged, he still looks quite (youth). My Thuan bridge is the (long) bridge in Vietnam. They wants to escape from the (noisy) and bustle of the town. Lan had a lot of (difficult) in learning English. Nam stopped (learn) English two months ago. He is very (interest) in English and Mathematics. Their (friend) has lasted a lifetime. He is very handsome and (friend). Many women nowadays are fond of (play) football. Sports are very good for our (healthy). English is the most (wide) used language in the world. What would happen if rare and (use) animals became extinct? He comes from Paris .He speaks (France). John enjoys (sing) Vietnamese songs. He has (succeed) in giving up smoking. Put in ‘the’, ‘a/ an” where necessary: This morning, I bought ........ newspaper and ........ magazine. ........ newspaper is in my bag, but I don’t know where I put ........ magazine. I saw ........ accident this morning. ........ car crashed into ........ tree. ........ driver of ........ car wasn’t hurt but ........ car was badly damaged. There are two cars parked outside: ........ big one and ........ grey one. ........ blue one belongs to my neighbours; I don’t know who ........ owner of ........ grey one is. My friends live in ........ old house in ........ small village. There is ........ beautiful garden behind ........ house. I would like to have ........ garden like that. This house is very nice. Has it got ........ garden? It’s a beautiful day. Let’s sit in ........ garden. ........ television was on but nobody was watching it. Mary and I arrived at ........ same time. A: Where did you have ........ lunch? B: We went to ........ restaurant. You’ll find ........ information you need at ........ top of ........ page 85. There isn’t ........ airport near where I live. ........ nearest one is about 70 kilometers away. I’m going for ........ week in September. A: Did you have ........ nice holiday? B: Yes, it was ........ best holiday I’ve ever had. What’s ........ name of that man we met yesterday? A: What did you have for ........ breakfast this morning? B: Nothing. I never eat ........ breakfast. A: We spent all our money because we stayed at ........ most expensive hotel in town. B: Why didn’t you stay at ........ cheaper hotel? She has ........ French name but in fact she’s English, not French. I like living in this house, but it’s a pity that ........ garden is so small. Our plane was delayed. We had to wait at ........ airport for nearly three hours. A: Where’s ........ nearest shop? B: There’s one at ........ end of this street. Put in ‘the’, ‘a/ an” where necessary: Would you like apple? How often do you go to dentist? Could you close the door, please? I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to do that. It was mistake. Excuse me. Where’s bus station, please? I’ve got problem. Can you help me? I’m just going to post office. It won’t be long. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on floor. Have you finished with book I lent you? My sister has just got job in bank in Manchester. We live in small flat near city center. There’s small supermarket at end of street I live in. Sun is star. Tim lives in small village in country. Moon goes round earth every 27 days. What is highest mountain in world? I’m fed up with doing same thing every day. It was very hot day. It was hottest day of year. I don’t usually have lunch but I always eat good breakfast. If you live in foreign country, you should try and learn language TuÇn 3: 9th – 12th : Adjectives and adverbs I. Theory: Adjectives: Definition: Adjectives are used to express quality, quantity, size, colour and characteristics. The main syntactical function of an adjective in the sentence is that of an attribute and it may also be used as a predicative or compliment. It was a beautiful day. She is beautiful. Some ways of forming adjectives: adj = N + al (regional, industrial, national, formal, ........) adj = N + ful (meaningful, harmful, beautiful, ........) adj = N + ly (lively, lovely, friendly, ........) adj = N + less (homeless, hopeless, motherless, ........) adj = V + ive (active, communicative, impressive, ........) adj = V + ed (bored, tired, amused, ........) adj = V + ing (boring, tiring, interesting, ........) adj = V + able (readable, drinkable, enjoyable, considerable, ........) Adverbs: Definition: Adverbs are used to give meaning to a verb, an adjective, another verb, and even the whole sentence. Kinds of adverbs: Advs of manner: = adj + ly (bad – badly, quick – quickly; ........ But there are some irregular adverbs: good, fast, late, early, hard). Advs of place: answer the questions “where?”, “where to?”, “where from?” E.g: abroad, ahead, here, there, over there, at the baker’s, from Hanoi, in the garden, ........ + They are placed after adv of manner, before adv of time. She read those books silently in the library last Sunday. Advs of time: can stand at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. E.g.: today, on Wednesday, since July, now, last Monday, lately, soon, then, ......... Advs of frequency: answer the question “How often?” E.g.: always, usually, often, generally, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never + They are placed after ‘be” and before an ordinary verb. + They are also used at the end position or at the beginning of a sentence: He doesn’t come here often. Sometimes we had dinner outside. Advs of degree: go before the words they modify. E.g.: quite good, very well, too difficult, extremely cold, fairly quickly, really slowly, terribly sorry, ........ II. Practice: Give the correct form of the words in brackets: He is not ........ (intelligent) as his sister. She sings ........ (beautiful) than she plays. He doesn’t speak English ........ (good) as his brother. He always arrives ........ (early) than his friends. I came as ........ (soon) possible. I’ve got ........ (many) cousins than you. Was Jane’s party ........ (good) than Maria’s? She bought the ........ (cheap) watch in the shop. Your handwriting is ........ (bad) than your sister’s. You look much ........ (happy) today than you did yesterday. Our friends go to the theatre ........ (often) than we do. Linda worked the ........ (hard) of all the three. People in the North treat women ........ (equal) than people in the South. Mercury is the ........ (near) planet to the sun. The ........ (far) planet from the sun is Pluto. The Houses of Parliament is the ........ (famous) building in England. The ........ (large) park in England is Hyde Park. Oxford is one of the ........ (old) cities in the world. One of the ........ (bad) diseases than mankind has ever had is cancer. Prevention is ........ (good) than cure. Rewrite the sentences so that the meaning stays the same: 1. Jane is better at cooking than Susan. à Susan ................................................................................................................................................................. 2A donkey is less beautiful than a horse. à A donkey is not .......................................................................................................................... 3. She is the most intelligent in our group. à Nobody .................................................................................................................................................. 4. No one in the school is taller than her. àShe is ............................................................................................................................................................ 5. They are slower than more careful typists than I am. à They type ................................................................................................. 6. She can’t run as quickly as her brother does. à Her brother .................................................................................................................. 7. I’ve never seen a more interesting film than this one. à This is .................................................................................................. 8. I don’t drive as carefully as you do. à You are ................................................................................................................................................................ 9. Nam plays tennis worse than his brother. à Nam’s brother .................................................................................................................. 10. Jenny doesn’t sing as beautifully as she used to. à Jenny used to ................................................................................................ 11. She cooked well. à She was ................................................................................................................................................................. 12. They run fast. à They are ................................................................................................................................................................. 13. They are beautiful dancers. à They dance ............................................................................................................................................................. 14. In Vietnam the South is flatter than the North. à The North ................................................................................................................... 15. David says more honesty and more directly than his brother. à David’s brother does not .......... 16. Mary speaks French better than you. à You don’t ................................................................... 17. Tom drives more carefully than his friends. à His friends do not .......................................... She does not cook as well as her mother. à Her mother .................................................
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