18 Cấu trúc thi viết lại câu trong Tiếng anh

1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm gì)
Viết lại thành: S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since 
Ví dụ: She began to play the piano 5 years ago
=> She has played/ has been playing the piano for 5 years.
2. S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
=> S + have/ has +not+ for + time
=> It’s + time+ since + S + last + Ved.
=> The last time + S + V ed+ was + time + ago.
Ví dụ: It last snowed 2 weeks ago.
=> It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks
=> It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed.
=> The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago.
3. This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì
=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ before
=> S+ have/ has not+ P2+ before
Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him
=> I have never met him before.
=> I haven’t met him before.
4. This is the Superlative (est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+P2
=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N
=> S+ have/ has never+ P2+ a more + ADJ+ N than this
Đề thi minh họa 2015:
This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.
=> I have never read such an interesting novel.
=> I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel)
Cấu trúc 5,6,7,8 thay thế cho nhau linh hoạt.
5. S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để cho ai làm gì...
Ví dụ:
- The top shelf is too high for the children to reach.
- He ran too fast for me to follow.
6. S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ:
- The top shelf is so high that the children can not not reach it.
- He ran so fast that I could not follow him.
Notes: Trong cấu trúc So that: vế sau that là mệnh đề mới nên cần có thêm O sau V nên ta có reach it và follow him, trong khi đó ở cấu trúc “too” thì không, các em hết sức lưu ý.
Còn cấu trúc S + Be/V + so + many/much/little/few +N + that + S + V + O.
Ví dụ: She has so much work to do that she can not go out with me tonight.
She has so many things to do that she can not go out with me tonight
7. It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O: 
Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ:
- It is such a high top shelf that the children can not reach it.
- He was such a fast runner that I could not follow him
8. S + Be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...
Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa của ADJ cho sẵn trong câu “too” để dùng tạo câu mới.
Ví dụ: She is too young to get married.
=> She isn’t old enough to get married.
9. It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?
=> Doing sth be ADJ (for sb)
=> S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to do sth
Ví dụ: It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning.
=> Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me.
=> I find waking up early in the morning difficult.
=> I find it difficult to wake up in the morning.
(với N) I find English interesting to study.
Ví dụ: It’s cool to try your best for what you want.
=> Trying your best for what you want is cool.
I find it cool to try your best for what you want.
10. S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V
Or If I were you,
=> It’s time for sb to do sth
=> It’s (high/ about) time S+ did sth. (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới bây giờ mà vẫn chưa làm?”)
Ví dụ: You’d better go right now.
=> It’s time for you to go now.
=> It’s time you went now.
11. Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V)
=> Despite / In spite of+ Noun/gerund (Ving)
=> Despite/ in spite of the fact that S+ V,.
Ví dụ: Although they don’t have money, they still live happily.
=> Despite no money/ having no money, they still live happily.
=> In spite of the fact that they don’t have money, they still live happily.
12. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích)
=> S + V + to + V
Ví dụ: She studies hard in order that she can pass the final examination.
=> She studies hard to pass the final examination
13. There’s no point in Ving: không đáng, không có ích khi làm gì?
=> It’s no good/ no use Ving
=> It’s not worth Ving
Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing.
=> It’s no good/ no use arguing
=> It’s not worth arguing
14. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp
- Đề nghị: Suggest
Shall we+ V..../Let's+ V.../How/What about+ Ving..../Why dont we + V ..
=> S+ suggested+ Ving: đề nghị cùng làm gì.
Ví dụ: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.
=> The boy suggested going out for a walk
- Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ Vo?
=> S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V
Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to her
=> He suggested that she should have a rest.
- Cáo buộc : S accused Sb of doing sth
“You stole the money on the table”, she said to him
=> She accused him of stealing the money on the table.
- Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận
S+ admitted/ denied+ Ving/ having P2.
He said “Yes, I did”
=> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
He said: “ No, I didn’t”
=> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
- Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why don’t you)
S + advised sb + (not) to V
“If I were you, I would save some money” she said
=> She advised me to save some money.
“You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter.
=> Jane advised Peter not to believe him.
- Câu mời (Would you like......?)
S+ offered Sb Sth
S+ offered to do Sth
S + invited sb+ to V
Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said.
=> I offered Peter a cup of coffee.
“Would you like me to clean the house for you” he said.
=> He offered to clean the house for me.
“Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.
=> He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
- Dặn dò: S + remember + to do Sth
=> S + don’t forget + to do Sth
=> S remind Sb to do Sth
He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”.
=> He reminded me to come there on time the next day.
She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”
=> She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
- Cảm ơn: Thank Sb for Ving/ N
“Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us.
=> He thanked us for helping him finish that project.
“ Thank you for this lovely present.” I said to him.
=> I thanked him for that lovely present.
- Xin lỗi: S apologized to sb for Ving
“Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother.
=> He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase
- Khen ngợi: S congratulated Sb on Ving
“Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me.
=> He congratulated me on winning the first prize.
- Đe dọa: S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe doạ (ai) làm gì
He said " I will kill you if you don’t do that "-
=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that
15. Chú ý đến các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện
- Unless = If not.
If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America
=> Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America
- Đảo ngữ trong điều kiện loại 1: Should+ S+ V
+ Loại 2: Were S+ Adj/N / to V
+ Loại 3: Had+ S+ (not) P2
Đề thi minh họa 2015:
You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty.
Should there be any difficulty, ring this number.
16. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh:
Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc ngang bằng - so sánh hơn - so sánh hơn nhất:
Ví dụ: Sally is the tallest girl in her class
=> No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her.
=> No one in Sally’s class is taller than her.
- Cấu trúc tăng tiến cấp độ: The 8-year-old bride movie is more and more interesting.
- Cấu trúc càng càng: The older he is, the less he wants to travel.
17. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến bị động
- Have Sb do sth => have Sth done
Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
=> We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business
- Make Sb do sth-> Sb be made to do Sth
The teacher made the students work hard.
=> The students were made to work hard.
- People say S+ V
=> It be said that S+ V
=> S be said to V/ to have P2
Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> He is said to drink a lot of wine.
18. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ.
- Never will I speak to him again.
- No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
- Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
- Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
- Not until I asked a passer-by did I know where I was = It was not until I asked a passer-by that I knew where I was.
- Around the corner is the hospital.
1.CATS AND DOGS: rain heavily
--> It's rainingcats and dogs = It's raining heavily
2. CHALK AND CHEESE: very different from each other : Khác biệt
--> I don't have anything in common with my brother. We're like chalk and cheese.
3. HERE AND THERE: everywhere
--> I have been looking here and there for thegift I bought for my girlfriend.
4. A HOT POTATO: something that is difficult ordangerous to deal with (vấn đề nan giải, nóng hổi)
--> The abortion issue is a political hot potatoin the US.
5. AT THE DROP OF THE HAT: immediately, instantly
--> If you need me, just call me. I can come atthe drop of a hat.
6.BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD: time to start from the beginning ; it is time toplan something over again (bắt đầu lại từ đầu)
--> My plans tocreate a tiny car made of glasses were unsuccessful, so I guess it is back tothe drawing board.
7. BEAT ABOUT THEBUSH: avoiding the main topic, not speaking directly about the issue. (nói vòng vo, không vô vấn đề chính)
--> Stop beatingabout the bush and answer myquestion.
8. BEST THING SINCE SLICED BREAD: a good inventionor innovation; a good idea or plan. (ý tưởng hay, tốt)
--> Portable phones are marketed as the bestthing since sliced bread; people think they are extremely good.
9. BURN THE MIDNIGHT OIL: to stay up working,especially studying late at night (thức khuya làm việc, học bài)
--> I will have a big exam tomorrow so I'll beburning the midnight oil tonight.
10. CAUGHT BETWEEN TWO STOOLS: when someone findsit difficult to choose between two alternatives (lưỡng lự, không biết lựa chọncái nào, do dự)
--> I was caught between two stools when I hadto choose which shirt to hang out with my girlfriends.
11.BREAK A LEG = Chúc may mắn
12. HIT THE BOOKS = học tập
13. LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG: to reveal a secret or a surprise by accident ( để lộ bí mật)
--> It's asecret. Try not to let the cat out of the bag.
14. WHEN PIGS FLY =something will never happen (chuyện viễn vông, không tưởng)
15. SCRATCH SOMEONE'S BACK: helpsomeone out with the assumption that they will return the favor in the future(giúp ai với mong muốn sau này người ta sẽ giúp lại mình)
--> "You scratch my back and I will scratchyours," the customer said when we talked about the new sales contact.
16.HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD: do or say something exactly right (đoán, nói trúngphóc)
--> Mike hit thenail on the head when he said most people can use a computer without knowinghow it works.
17. TAKESOMEONE/SOMETHING FOR GRANTED: coi nhẹ
--> One of theproblems with relationships is that after a while you begin to take each otherfor granted.
18. TAKE SOMETHINGINTO ACCOUNT/CONSIDERATION: toremember to consider something (tính đến cái gì)
--> We will take your long years of service intoaccount when we make our final decision.
19. KEEP AN EYE ON SB/STH: để ý, để tâm đến ai
--> Please keep an eye on my baby while I amout.
20. PUT SOMEONE/SOMETHING AT SOMEONE'S DISPOSAL: tomake someone or something available to someone (có sẵn cho ai sử dụng theo ýmuốn)
--> I'd be glad to help you if you need me. Iput myself at your disposal.
21.SPLITTING HEADACHE (N): a severe headache (đau đầu như búa bổ)
--> I've got asplitting headache. I'm going upstairs for a nap.
22. OFF THE PEG:may sẵn (quần áo)
--> If I buytrousers off the peg, they're always too short.
23. ON THE HOUSE:không phải trả tiền
--> I went to arestaurant last night. I was the ten thousandth customer, so my dinner was onthe house.
24. HIT THE ROOF = GO THROUGH THE ROOF = HIT THECEILING: to suddenly become angry (giận dữ)
--> I'm afraid he will hit the roof when hefinds out our vacation is cancelled.
25. BRING DOWN THE HOUSE: làm cho cả khán phòng vỗtay nhiệt liệt
--> Bin's voice brought the house down. Hereally brought down the house with his fantastic song.
26.PAY THROUGH THE NOSE: to pay too much for something (trả giá đắt)
--> If you wantdecent wine in a restaurant, you will have to pay through the nose for it.
27. BY THE SKIN OFONE'S TEETH: sát sao
--> I gotthrough calculus class by the skin of my teeth.
--> I got to theairport a few minutes late and missed the plan by the skin of my teeth.
28. PULL SOMEONE'SLEG: chọc ai
--> You don't mean that.You're just pulling my leg.
29. IT STRIKE SB AS/THAT A STRANGE: lấy làm lạ
--> I stroke me as a strange when he came toclass early this morning.
30. HIGH AND LOW = HERE AND THERE: everywhere
--> I have been searching high and low for thegift I bought for Hà An for a whole day.
31.THE MORE, THE MERRIER: càng đông, càng vui
--> Of courseyou can have a ride with us! The more, the merrier.
32. SPICK AND SPAN:ngăn nắp, gọn gàng
--> The kitchenwas spick and span as ever, every surface wiped down and everything in itsplace.
33. EVERY NOW ANDTHEN = sometimes
--> Every nowand then, I want to be alone.
34. PART AND PARCEL: integral, crucial (quan trọng,thiết yếu)
--> Being recognised in the street is all partand parcel of being famous.
35. GO TO ONE'S HEAD: khiến ai kiêu ngạo
--> Don't let all this praises go to your head.
--> Too much success will go to her head.
36.BE ON THE WAGON: kiêng rượu
--> Bob's olddrinking buddies complained that he was no fun when he went on the wagon.
37. ONCE IN A BLUEMOON: rất hiếm
--> Once in ablue moon, I stop thinking about her. If only she knew how much I love her.
38. ON THE SPOT:immediately (ngay lập tức)
--> I will bethere on the spot.
39. FEW AND FAR BETWEEN: hiếm gặp
--> Go and tell her that you love her! That kindof girl is really few and far between.
40. ON THE VERGE OF = ON THE BRINK OF = IN THE EDGE: bên bờ vực (cẩn thận với giới từ "on" và "in" nhé!)
--> We have to protect elephants. They are onthe verge of extinction.
41.LEAD SOMEBODY BY THE NOSE: to control someone and make them do exactly what youwant them to do (nắm đầu, dắt mũi ai)
--> They simply didn't know what they were doing and they were led by the nose by amanipulative government
42. AT THE ELEVENTH HOUR: vào phút chót
--> She alwaysturned her term paper in at the eleventh hour.
43. FIND FAULT WITH: chỉ trích, kiếm chuyện, bắt lỗi
--> It is very easy to find fault with the workothers.
44. OFF AND ON/ ON AND OFF: không đều đặn, thỉnhthoảng
--> We don't often go there- just off and on.
45. MAKE BELIEVE: giả bộ, giả vờ
--> I tried to make believe she was happy, butknew deep down it was not true.
46. MAKE GOOD TIME: di chuyển nhanh, đi nhanh.
--> We made good time and were at the hotel bylunch time.
47. LOOK DAGGERS AT SOMEONE: giận giữ nhìn ai đó
--> Their relationship is not free and easy butat least he is no longer looking daggers at her.
48. BE OUT OF THE QUESTION: không thể được
--> You cannot get married until you are 18,it's out of the question.
49. ALL AT ONCE = suddenly: bất thình lình
--> All at once, there was a loud banging on thedoor.
50. BLOW ONE'S TRUMPET: bốc phét, khoác lác
--> Anyone will tell you she's one of the bestjournalist we've got, although she'd never blow her trumpet.
51.SLEEP ON IT: suy nghĩ thêm về điều gì đó.
--> You don'thave to give me your decision now. Sleep on it, and let me know tomorrow.
52. FIGHT TOOTH ANDCLAW / NAIL: đánh nhau dữ dội, cấu xé nhau
--> We foughttooth and claw to retain our share of business.
53. PLAY TRICKS /JOKES ON: chọc phá, trêu ghẹo, chơi khăm
--> The kids arealways play jokes on their teachers.
54. DOWN THE DRAIN: đổ sông đổ biển (công sức, tiềnbạc)
--> It's just money down the drain.
55. SMELL A RAT: hoài nghi, linh cảm chuyện khôngổn
--> The minute I came in, I smelled a rat.
56.THE LAST STRAW: giọt nước tràn ly
--> When sheshowed up late a third time, that was the last straw. We had to fire her.
57. GET THE HANG OF SOMETHING: nắm bắt được, sử dụng được
--> After threeweeks of using this computer, I think I've finally got the hand of it.
58. HARD OF HEARING: lãng tai, nặng tai
--> Tom is hardof hearing. Therefore, we have to speak loudly so that he can hear us.
59. KEEP AN EYE ON: coi chừng, ngó chừng
--> Please keep an eye on my baby while I'm outfor a while.
60. HAVE A BEE IN ONE'S BONNET (ABOUT SOMETHING):đặt nặng chuyện gì, chấp nhất chuyện gì
--> She has a bee in her bonnet about going toAmerica.
61.GET/HAVE COLD FEET: mất hết can đảm, chùn bước
--> I'm worriedmy friends may be getting cold feet about the university entrance exam.Therefore, I will try my best to help them overcome this severe exam.
62. ON SECOND THOUGHTS: suy nghĩ kĩ
--> On secondthoughts, it was a dumb movie.
63. IN VAIN: uổngcông, vô ích
--> All thedoctor’s efforts were in vain and the man soon died.
64. CHIP IN: khuyên góp, góp tiền
--> If everyone chips in, we will be able to buyher a nice present.
65. OFF ONE'S HEAD: điên, loạn trí
--> The old man has been off his head for atleast a year.
66.RUN AN ERRAND: làm việc vặt
--> I've got torun an errand. I'll be back in a minute.
67. JUMP THETRAFFIC LIGHTS: vượt đèn đỏ
--> They ignorepeople who jumps the traffic lights.
68. FLY OFF THE HANDLE: dễ nổi giận, phát cáu
--> No one willfly off the handle for no reason.
69. THE APPLE OF ONE'S EYES: đồ quý giá của ai
--> You are the apple of my eyes.
70. BUCKET DOWN: mưa xối xả, mưa to
--> It's been bucketing down all day.
71.CLOSE SHAVE = NARROW ESCAPE: thoát chết trong gang tấc
--> Phew, thatwas a close shave. I was so lucky.
72. DROP A BRICK :lỡ lời, lỡ miệng
--> I dropped abrick when talking with my best friend, and now he doesn't want to talk to me.
73. GET BUTTERFLIESIN ONE'S STOMACH: cảm thấy bồn chồn
--> I always getbutterflies in my stomach when it comes to taking test.
74. OFF THE RECORD: không chính thức, không đượccông bố
--> What the president said is not to beprinted. It's off the record.
75. ONE'S CUP OF TEA: thứ mà ta thích
--> SNSD is my cup of tea. They are so beautifuland talented. Especially Seohyun, she looks so cute.
76.CUT IT FINE: đến sát giờ
--> Onlyallowing half an hour to get from the station to the airport is cutting itfine, isn't it?
77. GOLDEN HAND SHAKE: món tiền hậu hĩnh dành cho người sắp nghỉ việc
--> The managergot early retirement and a 600,000$ golden handshake when the company wasrestructed.
78. PUT ON AN ACT:giả bộ, làm bộ
--> We've knownyou are a good swimmer - stop putting on an act.
79. COME TO LIGHT: được biết đến, được phát hiện,được đưa ra ánh sáng.
--> Four soldiers have faced charges since thescandal came to light last fall.
80. TAKE THINGS TO PIECES: tháo ra từng mảnh
--> Men like to take things to pieces and putthem together.
81.PUT ONE'S FOOT IN IT: gây nhầm lẫn, bối rối, phạm một sai lầm gây bối rối
--> I really putmy foot in it when I asked her about her job. I didn't know she'd just beenfired.
82. PULL ONE'SWEIGHT: nỗ lực, làm tròn trách nhiệm
--> The rest ofthe team complained that Sarah wasn't pulling her weight.
83. MAKE ENDS MEET:xoay sở để kiếm sống
--> I have towork at two jobs to make ends meet.
84. GET THE HOLD OF THE WRONG END OF THE STICK:hiểu nhầm ai